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EFFECTS OF DIETARY ZEOLITE LEVELS ON SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS OF GILTHEAD SEABREAM (Sparus aurata) JUVENILES

Yıl 2016, , 119 - 127, 01.07.2016
https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR16014

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary
zeolite supplementations on blood parameters of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Zeolite was gradually
included into the diets at 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% and fed to triplicated groups
of fish for 10 weeks. Dietary zeolite levels did not affect red blood cell,
white blood cell and hemoglobin levels of sea bream. On the other hand, serum
glucose levels were linearly decreased whereas triglyceride quadratically
increased with zeolite levels. There was a significant quadratic effect of
dietary zeolite on serum cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase levels. Blood
urea nitrogen, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels did not change in a particular
trend with dietary zeolite levels, which was the case for sodium, potassium,
calcium and magnesium. The results suggest that dietary zeolite inclusion up to
4% did not lead to any health impairment in gilthead sea bream when judged from
blood parameters.

Kaynakça

  • Albengres, E., Urien, S., Tillement, J.P., Oury, P., Decourt, S., Flouvat, B. & Drieu, K. (1985). Interactions between smectite, a mucus stabilizer, and acidic and basic drugs. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 28, 601-605.
  • Alexopoulos, C., Papaioannou, D.S., Fortomaris, P., Kyriakis, C.S., Tserveni-Goussi, A., Yannakopoulos, A. & Kyriakis, S.C. (2007). Experimental study on the effect of in-feed administration of a clinoptilolite-rich tuff on certain biochemical and hematological parameters of growing and fattening pigs. Livestock Science, 111, 230-241.
  • Apha (1995). Standart Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 19th edition. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC., 1075pp.
  • Bond, C.E. (1979). Circulation, respiration, and the gas bladder. In C. E. Bond (ed.) Biology of Fishes. . W. B Saunders Company Press, London, UK, 347-374.
  • Curtui, V. (2000). Effects of feeding a Fusarium poae extract and a natural zeolite to broiler chickens. Mycotoxin Research, 16, 43-52.
  • Çelik, E.Ş. (2006). Balıkların Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Ağır Metallerin Etkisi. E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 23, 49-55.
  • Çelik, E.Ş., Aslan, A. & Alparslan, M. (2008). Main factors affecting blood glucose level in fısh. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24, 364-379.
  • Demirel, R., Yokuş, B., Demirel, D.Ş., Ketani, M.A. & Baran, M.S. (2011). Effects of dietary zeolite on serum contents and feeding performance in rats. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 13, 346-350.
  • Dias, J., Huelvan, C., Dinis, M. & Metailler, R. (1998). Influence of dietary bulk agents (silica, cellulose and a natural zeolite) on protein digestibility, growth, feed intake and feed transit time in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Aquatic Living Resources, 11, 219-226.
  • Edsall, D.A. & Smith, C.E. (1989). Effects of Dietary Clinoptilolite on Levels of Effluent Ammonia from Hatchery Coho Salmon. The Progressive Fish-Culturist, 51, 98-100.
  • Eğrikılıç, D. (2009). Effects of dietary inclusion of zeolite (clinoptilolite) on blood parameters of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. MSc. Thesis. Adana, Cukurova University.
  • Ergün, S., Tekesoglu H. & M. Yigit. (2008). Effects of dietary natural zeolite Levels on ammonia excretion rates in young Rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 17, 245-248.
  • Eya, J.C., Parsons, A., Haile, I. & Jagidi, P. (2008). Effects of dietary zeolites (bentonite and mordenite) on the performance juvenile rainbow trout Onchorhynchus myskis. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2, 961-967.
  • Fazio, F., Filiciotto, F., Marafioti, S., Di Stefano, V., Assenza, A., Placenti, F., Buscaino, G., Piccione, G. & Mazzola, S. (2012). Automatic analysis to assess haematological parameters in farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758). Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 45, 63-73.
  • Galindo, J., Jaime, B., Fraga, I. & Alvarez, J.S. (2006). Use of zeolite in White Shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti Feeding. IV Congreso Iberoamericano Virtual de Acuicultura, 106-112.
  • Ghaemnia, L., Bojarpour, M., Mirzadeh, K., Chaji, M. & Eslami, M. (2010). Effects of Diferent Level of Zeolite on Digestibility and Som Blood Parameters in Arabic Lambs. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9, 779-781.
  • Glibert, P.M. & Terlizzi, D.E. (1999): Cooccurrence of elevated urea levels and dinoflagellate blooms in temperate estuarine aquaculture ponds. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65, 5594-5596.
  • Houston, A.H. (1997). Review: Are the Classical Hematological Variables Acceptable Indicators of Fish Health? Transactions American Fisheries Society, 126, 879-894.
  • Hu, C.H., Xu, Y., Xia, M.S., Xiong, L. & Xu, Z.R. (2008). Effects of Cu2+-exchanged montmorillonite on intestinal microflora, digestibility and digestive enzyme activities of Nile tilapia. Aquaculture Nutrition, 14, 281-288.
  • Kanyılmaz, M. (2008). Influence of supplementation of various levels of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) into diets on growth, body composition, some blood parameters and gut morphology in common carp (Cyprinus carpio l., 1758). MSc. Thesis. Adana, Cukurova University.
  • Kanyılmaz, M., Tekelioğlu, N., Sevgili, H., Uysal, R. & Aksoy, A. (2015). Effects of dietary zeolite (clinoptilolite) levels on growth performance, feed utilization and waste excretions by gilthead sea bream juveniles (Sparus aurata). Animal Feed Science and Technology, 200, 66-75.
  • Katsoulos, P.D., Roubies, N., Panousis, N., Christaki, E., Karatzanos, P. & Karatzias, H. (2005). Efects of long term feeding dairy cows on a diet supplemented with clinoptilolite on certain haematological parameters. Veterinarni Medicina, 50, 427-431.
  • Khodanazary, A., Boldaji, F., Tatar, A. & Dastar, B. (2013). Effects of dietary zeolite and perlite supplementations on growth and nutrient utilization performance, and some serum variables in Common carp,(Cyprinus carpio). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13, 495-501.
  • Kyriakis, S.C., Papaioannou, D.S., Alexopoulos, C., Polizopoulou, Z., Tzika, E.D. & Kyriakis, C.S. (2012). Experimental studies on safety and efficacy of the dietary use of a clinoptilolite-rich tuff in sows: a review of recent research in Greece. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 51.
  • Ly, J., Grageola, Z., Lemus, Z. & Castro, M. (2007). Ileal and rectal digestibility of nutrients in diets based on leucaena (Leucaena leucecephala (Lam.) de Wit) for pigs. Influence of the inclusion of zeolite. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 6, 1371-1376.
  • Maita, M. (2007). Fish health assessment. Dietary Supplements for the Health and Quality of Cultured Fish, CAB International, 10-34.
  • Martin-Kleiner, I., Flegar-Mestric, Z., Zadro, R., Breljak, D., Stanovic-Janda, S., Stojkovic, R., Marusic, M., Radacic, M. & Boranic, M. (2001). The effect of zeolite clinoptilolite on serum chemistry and hematopoisis in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 39, 717-727.
  • Mohri, M., Seifi, H.A. & Daraei, F. (2008). Effects of short-term supplementation of clinoptilolite in colostrum and milk on hematology, serum proteins, performance, and health in neonatal dairy calves. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46, 2112-2117.
  • Molinero, A., Gomez, E., Balasch, J. & Tort, L. (1997). Stress by Fish Removal in the Gilthead Sea Bream, Sparus aurata. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 7, 1-12.
  • Mumpton, F.A. (1999): La roca magica: Uses of natural zeolites in agriculture and industry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96, 3463-3470.
  • Obradović, S., Adamović, M., Vukašinović, M., Jovanović, R. & Levic, J. (2006). The Application Effects of Natural Zeolite in Feed and Water on Production Results of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 11, 3005-3013.
  • Ooi, L.-G. & Liong, M.-T. (2010). Cholesterol-lowering effects of probiotics and prebiotics: a review of in vivo and in vitro findings. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11, 2499-2522.
  • Peres, H., Santos, S. & Oliva‐Teles, A. (2013). Selected plasma biochemistry parameters in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 29, 630-636.
  • Pourliotis, K., Karatzia, M., Christaki, E. & Katsoulos, P.H.K. (2012). Effects of dietary inclusion of clinoptilolite in colostrum and milk on certain haematological parameters of calves. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 36, 705-710.
  • Reinitz, G. (1984). The Effect of Nutrient Dilution with Sodium Bentonite in Practical Diets for Rainbow Trout. The Progressive Fish-Culturist, 46, 249-253.
  • Rey Vázquez, G. & Guerrero, G.A. (2007). Characterization of blood cells and hematological parameters in Cichlasoma dimerus (Teleostei, Perciformes). Tissue and Cell, 39, 151-160.
  • Roncarati, A., Melotti, P., Dees, A., Mordenti, O. & Angellotti, L. (2006). Welfare status of cultured seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) and seabream (Sparus aurata L.) assessed by blood parameters and tissue characteristics. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 22, 225-234.
  • Safaeikatouli, M., Jafariahangari, Y. & Baharlouei, A. (2011). An evaluation on the effects of dietary kaolin and zeolite on broilers blood parameters, T4, TSH and growth hormones. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 10, 233-237.
  • Sugiura, S., Babbitt, J., Dong, F. & Hardy, R. (2000). Utilization of fish and animal by‐product meals in low‐pollution feeds for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquaculture Research, 31, 585-593.
  • Tekeşoğlu, H. (2010). Gökuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Yemine Zeolit Katılmasının Büyüme, Yemden Yararlanma ve Bazı Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi. PhD Thesis. Çanakkale: Çanakkale onsekiz mart University.
  • Tort, L., Puigcerver, M., Crespo, S. & Padrós, F. (2002). Cortisol and haematological response in sea bream and trout subjected to the anaesthetics clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol. Aquaculture Research, 33, 907-910.
  • Vangen, B. & Hemre, G.-I. (2003). Dietary carbohydrate, iron and zinc interactions in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture, 219, 597-611.
  • Velíšek, J. & Svobodová, Z. (2004). Anaesthesia of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) with 2-phenoxyethanol: Acute Toxicity and Effects on Biochemical Blood Profile. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 73, 247-252.
  • Vizcarra-Olvera, J., Astiazarán-García, H., Burgos-Hernández, A., Parra-Vergara, N., Cinco-Moroyoqui, F., Sánchez-Mariñez, R., Quintana-Obregón, E. & Cortez-Rocha, M. (2012). Evaluation of Pathological Effects in Broilers During Fumonisins and Clays Exposure. Mycopathologia, 174, 247-254.
  • Vondruskova, H., Slamova, R., Trckova, M., Zraly, Z. & Pavlik, I. (2010). Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in prevention of diarrhoea in weaned piglets: a review. Veterinarni Medicina, 55, 199-224.
  • Watanabe, T., Kiron, V. & Satoh, S. (1997). Trace minerals in fish nutrition. Aquaculture, 151, 185-207.
  • Yazdani, A.R. & Hajilari, D. (2009). Application of natural zeolite on blood characteristics, physiological reactions and feeding behaviours of finishing Holstein beef steers. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 43, 295-299.
  • Yiğit, N.O. & Demir, O. (2011). Klinoptilolit’in Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Yavrularının Büyümesi Üzerine Etkisi. Journal of FisheriesSciences.com, 5, 213-218.
  • Yıldırım, Ö., Türker, A. & Şenel, B. (2009). Effects of natural zeolite (Clinoptilolite) levels in fish diet on water quality, growth performance and nutrient utilization of Tilapia (Tilapia zillii) fry. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 18, 1567-1571.
Yıl 2016, , 119 - 127, 01.07.2016
https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR16014

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Albengres, E., Urien, S., Tillement, J.P., Oury, P., Decourt, S., Flouvat, B. & Drieu, K. (1985). Interactions between smectite, a mucus stabilizer, and acidic and basic drugs. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 28, 601-605.
  • Alexopoulos, C., Papaioannou, D.S., Fortomaris, P., Kyriakis, C.S., Tserveni-Goussi, A., Yannakopoulos, A. & Kyriakis, S.C. (2007). Experimental study on the effect of in-feed administration of a clinoptilolite-rich tuff on certain biochemical and hematological parameters of growing and fattening pigs. Livestock Science, 111, 230-241.
  • Apha (1995). Standart Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 19th edition. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC., 1075pp.
  • Bond, C.E. (1979). Circulation, respiration, and the gas bladder. In C. E. Bond (ed.) Biology of Fishes. . W. B Saunders Company Press, London, UK, 347-374.
  • Curtui, V. (2000). Effects of feeding a Fusarium poae extract and a natural zeolite to broiler chickens. Mycotoxin Research, 16, 43-52.
  • Çelik, E.Ş. (2006). Balıkların Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Ağır Metallerin Etkisi. E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 23, 49-55.
  • Çelik, E.Ş., Aslan, A. & Alparslan, M. (2008). Main factors affecting blood glucose level in fısh. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24, 364-379.
  • Demirel, R., Yokuş, B., Demirel, D.Ş., Ketani, M.A. & Baran, M.S. (2011). Effects of dietary zeolite on serum contents and feeding performance in rats. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 13, 346-350.
  • Dias, J., Huelvan, C., Dinis, M. & Metailler, R. (1998). Influence of dietary bulk agents (silica, cellulose and a natural zeolite) on protein digestibility, growth, feed intake and feed transit time in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Aquatic Living Resources, 11, 219-226.
  • Edsall, D.A. & Smith, C.E. (1989). Effects of Dietary Clinoptilolite on Levels of Effluent Ammonia from Hatchery Coho Salmon. The Progressive Fish-Culturist, 51, 98-100.
  • Eğrikılıç, D. (2009). Effects of dietary inclusion of zeolite (clinoptilolite) on blood parameters of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. MSc. Thesis. Adana, Cukurova University.
  • Ergün, S., Tekesoglu H. & M. Yigit. (2008). Effects of dietary natural zeolite Levels on ammonia excretion rates in young Rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 17, 245-248.
  • Eya, J.C., Parsons, A., Haile, I. & Jagidi, P. (2008). Effects of dietary zeolites (bentonite and mordenite) on the performance juvenile rainbow trout Onchorhynchus myskis. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2, 961-967.
  • Fazio, F., Filiciotto, F., Marafioti, S., Di Stefano, V., Assenza, A., Placenti, F., Buscaino, G., Piccione, G. & Mazzola, S. (2012). Automatic analysis to assess haematological parameters in farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758). Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 45, 63-73.
  • Galindo, J., Jaime, B., Fraga, I. & Alvarez, J.S. (2006). Use of zeolite in White Shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti Feeding. IV Congreso Iberoamericano Virtual de Acuicultura, 106-112.
  • Ghaemnia, L., Bojarpour, M., Mirzadeh, K., Chaji, M. & Eslami, M. (2010). Effects of Diferent Level of Zeolite on Digestibility and Som Blood Parameters in Arabic Lambs. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9, 779-781.
  • Glibert, P.M. & Terlizzi, D.E. (1999): Cooccurrence of elevated urea levels and dinoflagellate blooms in temperate estuarine aquaculture ponds. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65, 5594-5596.
  • Houston, A.H. (1997). Review: Are the Classical Hematological Variables Acceptable Indicators of Fish Health? Transactions American Fisheries Society, 126, 879-894.
  • Hu, C.H., Xu, Y., Xia, M.S., Xiong, L. & Xu, Z.R. (2008). Effects of Cu2+-exchanged montmorillonite on intestinal microflora, digestibility and digestive enzyme activities of Nile tilapia. Aquaculture Nutrition, 14, 281-288.
  • Kanyılmaz, M. (2008). Influence of supplementation of various levels of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) into diets on growth, body composition, some blood parameters and gut morphology in common carp (Cyprinus carpio l., 1758). MSc. Thesis. Adana, Cukurova University.
  • Kanyılmaz, M., Tekelioğlu, N., Sevgili, H., Uysal, R. & Aksoy, A. (2015). Effects of dietary zeolite (clinoptilolite) levels on growth performance, feed utilization and waste excretions by gilthead sea bream juveniles (Sparus aurata). Animal Feed Science and Technology, 200, 66-75.
  • Katsoulos, P.D., Roubies, N., Panousis, N., Christaki, E., Karatzanos, P. & Karatzias, H. (2005). Efects of long term feeding dairy cows on a diet supplemented with clinoptilolite on certain haematological parameters. Veterinarni Medicina, 50, 427-431.
  • Khodanazary, A., Boldaji, F., Tatar, A. & Dastar, B. (2013). Effects of dietary zeolite and perlite supplementations on growth and nutrient utilization performance, and some serum variables in Common carp,(Cyprinus carpio). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13, 495-501.
  • Kyriakis, S.C., Papaioannou, D.S., Alexopoulos, C., Polizopoulou, Z., Tzika, E.D. & Kyriakis, C.S. (2012). Experimental studies on safety and efficacy of the dietary use of a clinoptilolite-rich tuff in sows: a review of recent research in Greece. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 51.
  • Ly, J., Grageola, Z., Lemus, Z. & Castro, M. (2007). Ileal and rectal digestibility of nutrients in diets based on leucaena (Leucaena leucecephala (Lam.) de Wit) for pigs. Influence of the inclusion of zeolite. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 6, 1371-1376.
  • Maita, M. (2007). Fish health assessment. Dietary Supplements for the Health and Quality of Cultured Fish, CAB International, 10-34.
  • Martin-Kleiner, I., Flegar-Mestric, Z., Zadro, R., Breljak, D., Stanovic-Janda, S., Stojkovic, R., Marusic, M., Radacic, M. & Boranic, M. (2001). The effect of zeolite clinoptilolite on serum chemistry and hematopoisis in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 39, 717-727.
  • Mohri, M., Seifi, H.A. & Daraei, F. (2008). Effects of short-term supplementation of clinoptilolite in colostrum and milk on hematology, serum proteins, performance, and health in neonatal dairy calves. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46, 2112-2117.
  • Molinero, A., Gomez, E., Balasch, J. & Tort, L. (1997). Stress by Fish Removal in the Gilthead Sea Bream, Sparus aurata. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 7, 1-12.
  • Mumpton, F.A. (1999): La roca magica: Uses of natural zeolites in agriculture and industry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96, 3463-3470.
  • Obradović, S., Adamović, M., Vukašinović, M., Jovanović, R. & Levic, J. (2006). The Application Effects of Natural Zeolite in Feed and Water on Production Results of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 11, 3005-3013.
  • Ooi, L.-G. & Liong, M.-T. (2010). Cholesterol-lowering effects of probiotics and prebiotics: a review of in vivo and in vitro findings. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11, 2499-2522.
  • Peres, H., Santos, S. & Oliva‐Teles, A. (2013). Selected plasma biochemistry parameters in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 29, 630-636.
  • Pourliotis, K., Karatzia, M., Christaki, E. & Katsoulos, P.H.K. (2012). Effects of dietary inclusion of clinoptilolite in colostrum and milk on certain haematological parameters of calves. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 36, 705-710.
  • Reinitz, G. (1984). The Effect of Nutrient Dilution with Sodium Bentonite in Practical Diets for Rainbow Trout. The Progressive Fish-Culturist, 46, 249-253.
  • Rey Vázquez, G. & Guerrero, G.A. (2007). Characterization of blood cells and hematological parameters in Cichlasoma dimerus (Teleostei, Perciformes). Tissue and Cell, 39, 151-160.
  • Roncarati, A., Melotti, P., Dees, A., Mordenti, O. & Angellotti, L. (2006). Welfare status of cultured seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) and seabream (Sparus aurata L.) assessed by blood parameters and tissue characteristics. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 22, 225-234.
  • Safaeikatouli, M., Jafariahangari, Y. & Baharlouei, A. (2011). An evaluation on the effects of dietary kaolin and zeolite on broilers blood parameters, T4, TSH and growth hormones. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 10, 233-237.
  • Sugiura, S., Babbitt, J., Dong, F. & Hardy, R. (2000). Utilization of fish and animal by‐product meals in low‐pollution feeds for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquaculture Research, 31, 585-593.
  • Tekeşoğlu, H. (2010). Gökuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Yemine Zeolit Katılmasının Büyüme, Yemden Yararlanma ve Bazı Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi. PhD Thesis. Çanakkale: Çanakkale onsekiz mart University.
  • Tort, L., Puigcerver, M., Crespo, S. & Padrós, F. (2002). Cortisol and haematological response in sea bream and trout subjected to the anaesthetics clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol. Aquaculture Research, 33, 907-910.
  • Vangen, B. & Hemre, G.-I. (2003). Dietary carbohydrate, iron and zinc interactions in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture, 219, 597-611.
  • Velíšek, J. & Svobodová, Z. (2004). Anaesthesia of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) with 2-phenoxyethanol: Acute Toxicity and Effects on Biochemical Blood Profile. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 73, 247-252.
  • Vizcarra-Olvera, J., Astiazarán-García, H., Burgos-Hernández, A., Parra-Vergara, N., Cinco-Moroyoqui, F., Sánchez-Mariñez, R., Quintana-Obregón, E. & Cortez-Rocha, M. (2012). Evaluation of Pathological Effects in Broilers During Fumonisins and Clays Exposure. Mycopathologia, 174, 247-254.
  • Vondruskova, H., Slamova, R., Trckova, M., Zraly, Z. & Pavlik, I. (2010). Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in prevention of diarrhoea in weaned piglets: a review. Veterinarni Medicina, 55, 199-224.
  • Watanabe, T., Kiron, V. & Satoh, S. (1997). Trace minerals in fish nutrition. Aquaculture, 151, 185-207.
  • Yazdani, A.R. & Hajilari, D. (2009). Application of natural zeolite on blood characteristics, physiological reactions and feeding behaviours of finishing Holstein beef steers. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 43, 295-299.
  • Yiğit, N.O. & Demir, O. (2011). Klinoptilolit’in Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Yavrularının Büyümesi Üzerine Etkisi. Journal of FisheriesSciences.com, 5, 213-218.
  • Yıldırım, Ö., Türker, A. & Şenel, B. (2009). Effects of natural zeolite (Clinoptilolite) levels in fish diet on water quality, growth performance and nutrient utilization of Tilapia (Tilapia zillii) fry. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 18, 1567-1571.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Hidrobiyoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mahir Kanyılmaz

Nazmi Tekellioğlu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016

Kaynak Göster

APA Kanyılmaz, M., & Tekellioğlu, N. (2016). EFFECTS OF DIETARY ZEOLITE LEVELS ON SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS OF GILTHEAD SEABREAM (Sparus aurata) JUVENILES. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research, 2(3), 119-127. https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR16014
AMA Kanyılmaz M, Tekellioğlu N. EFFECTS OF DIETARY ZEOLITE LEVELS ON SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS OF GILTHEAD SEABREAM (Sparus aurata) JUVENILES. J Aquacult Eng Fish Res. Temmuz 2016;2(3):119-127. doi:10.3153/JAEFR16014
Chicago Kanyılmaz, Mahir, ve Nazmi Tekellioğlu. “EFFECTS OF DIETARY ZEOLITE LEVELS ON SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS OF GILTHEAD SEABREAM (Sparus Aurata) JUVENILES”. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research 2, sy. 3 (Temmuz 2016): 119-27. https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR16014.
EndNote Kanyılmaz M, Tekellioğlu N (01 Temmuz 2016) EFFECTS OF DIETARY ZEOLITE LEVELS ON SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS OF GILTHEAD SEABREAM (Sparus aurata) JUVENILES. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research 2 3 119–127.
IEEE M. Kanyılmaz ve N. Tekellioğlu, “EFFECTS OF DIETARY ZEOLITE LEVELS ON SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS OF GILTHEAD SEABREAM (Sparus aurata) JUVENILES”, J Aquacult Eng Fish Res, c. 2, sy. 3, ss. 119–127, 2016, doi: 10.3153/JAEFR16014.
ISNAD Kanyılmaz, Mahir - Tekellioğlu, Nazmi. “EFFECTS OF DIETARY ZEOLITE LEVELS ON SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS OF GILTHEAD SEABREAM (Sparus Aurata) JUVENILES”. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research 2/3 (Temmuz 2016), 119-127. https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR16014.
JAMA Kanyılmaz M, Tekellioğlu N. EFFECTS OF DIETARY ZEOLITE LEVELS ON SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS OF GILTHEAD SEABREAM (Sparus aurata) JUVENILES. J Aquacult Eng Fish Res. 2016;2:119–127.
MLA Kanyılmaz, Mahir ve Nazmi Tekellioğlu. “EFFECTS OF DIETARY ZEOLITE LEVELS ON SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS OF GILTHEAD SEABREAM (Sparus Aurata) JUVENILES”. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research, c. 2, sy. 3, 2016, ss. 119-27, doi:10.3153/JAEFR16014.
Vancouver Kanyılmaz M, Tekellioğlu N. EFFECTS OF DIETARY ZEOLITE LEVELS ON SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS OF GILTHEAD SEABREAM (Sparus aurata) JUVENILES. J Aquacult Eng Fish Res. 2016;2(3):119-27.