EVALUATION OF MARINE LITTER ON THE MARINE STRATEGY FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE AND CURRENT STATUS IN THE BLACK SEA

Öz

Marine litter can be defined as any persistent, manu­factured or processed solid material disposed of or abandoned in the marine and coastal environment and originate from many land based and sea based sources. Marine litter that cause a wide spectrum environmen­tal, economic, safety, health and cultural impacts, is mainly composed of plastics, wood, metals, glass, rubber, clothing, paper, etc. Marine Strategy Fra­mework Directive (2008/56/EC) (MSFD) published by European Union (EU) in 2008, includes necessary measures to provide or maintain "Good Environmental Status" (GES) of the Member States up to 2020. In Annex I to Directive 2008/56/EC is determined GES according to 11 qualitative 'descriptors' for marine re­gions and sub-regions and Descriptor 10 is related to marine litter. Black Sea has become important for Eu­ropean with the participation of Bulgaria and Romania to the EU. The number of studies on marine litter is scarcely any in Turkey and entire the Black Sea re­gion.Although not enough information about the cur­rent situationwhen environmental, economic and visu­ally negative effects are considered, this study topic is thought to be an important subject to be investigated. In this context, with this review marine litter under MSFD and current situation in the Black Sea was examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Marine litter,Marine Strategy Framework Directive,Descriptor 10,Black Sea

DENİZ ÇÖPLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ ÜZERİNE DENİZ STRATEJİSİ ÇERÇEVE DİREKTİFİ VE KARADENİZ’DEKİ MEVCUT DURUM

Öz

Deniz çöpleri kıyısal veya deniz ortamına boşaltılmış, atılmış veya bırakılmış herhangi kalıcı, üretilmiş veya işlenmiş katı materyaller olup, birçok deniz kökenli ve kara kökenli kaynaktan orijin alır. Geniş bir spekt­rumda çevresel, ekonomik, güvenlik, sağlık ve kültü­rel etkilere neden olan deniz çöpleri, başlıca plastikler, tahtalar, metaller, cam, lastik, giysi, kağıt, vs. ‘den oluşmaktadır. Avrupa Birliği tarafından 2008 yılında yayınlanan Deniz Stratejisi Çerçeve Direktifi (2008/56/EC) (DSÇD), 2020 yılına kadar Üye Devlet­lerin “İyi Çevre Durumu” (İÇD) sağlamaları veya sür­dürmeleri için gerekli önlemleri içermektedir. DSÇD Ek 1’de belirlenen on bir niteleyici ‘tanımlayıcı’ doğ­rultusunda deniz bölgesi veya alt bölgesi düzeyinde İÇD belirlenmektedir ve bulunan 11 tanımlayıcıdan Tanımlayıcı 10 deniz katı atıkları ile ilgilidir. Karade­niz, Bulgaristan ve Romanya’nın Avrupa Birliği (AB) ülkeleri arasına katılması ile birlikte Avrupa için önemli bir hale gelmiştir. Ülkemiz ve tüm Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde deniz çöpleri konusunda yapılmış çalışma az sayıdadır. Bu nedenle mevcut durum hakkında ye­terli bilgi olmamakla birlikte oluşturduğu ekolojik, ekonomik ve sosyal zararlar göz önüne alındığında araştırılması gereken önemli bir konu olduğu düşü­nülmektedir. Bu kapsamda yapılan bu derleme ile DSÇD altında deniz çöpleri ve Karadeniz Bölge­si’ndeki durum irdelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Deniz çöpleri,Deniz Strateji Çerçeve Direktifi,Tanımlayıcı 10,Karadeniz

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