EVALUATION OF MARINE LITTER ON THE MARINE STRATEGY FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE AND CURRENT STATUS IN THE BLACK SEA

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 104 - 115, 27.03.2015

Ayşah Vişne Levent Bat

https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR15011

Öz

Marine litter can be defined as any persistent, manu­factured or processed
solid material disposed of or abandoned in the marine and coastal environment
and originate from many land based and sea based sources. Marine litter that
cause a wide spectrum environmen­tal, economic, safety, health and cultural
impacts, is mainly composed of plastics, wood, metals, glass, rubber, clothing,
paper, etc. Marine Strategy Fra­mework Directive (2008/56/EC) (MSFD) published
by European Union (EU) in 2008, includes necessary measures to provide or
maintain "Good Environmental Status" (GES) of the Member States up to
2020. In Annex I to Directive 2008/56/EC is determined GES according to 11
qualitative 'descriptors' for marine re­gions and sub-regions and Descriptor 10
is related to marine litter. Black Sea has become important for Eu­ropean with
the participation of Bulgaria and Romania to the EU. The number of studies on
marine litter is scarcely any in Turkey and entire the Black Sea re­gion.Although
not enough information about the cur­rent situationwhen environmental, economic
and visu­ally negative effects are considered, this study topic is thought to
be an important subject to be investigated. In this context, with this review
marine litter under MSFD and current situation in the Black Sea was examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Marine litter, Marine Strategy Framework Directive, Descriptor 10, Black Sea

DENİZ ÇÖPLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ ÜZERİNE DENİZ STRATEJİSİ ÇERÇEVE DİREKTİFİ VE KARADENİZ’DEKİ MEVCUT DURUM

Öz

Deniz çöpleri kıyısal veya deniz ortamına boşaltılmış, atılmış veya
bırakılmış herhangi kalıcı, üretilmiş veya işlenmiş katı materyaller olup,
birçok deniz kökenli ve kara kökenli kaynaktan orijin alır. Geniş bir spekt­rumda
çevresel, ekonomik, güvenlik, sağlık ve kültü­rel etkilere neden olan deniz
çöpleri, başlıca plastikler, tahtalar, metaller, cam, lastik, giysi, kağıt, vs.
‘den oluşmaktadır. Avrupa Birliği tarafından 2008 yılında yayınlanan Deniz
Stratejisi Çerçeve Direktifi (2008/56/EC) (DSÇD), 2020 yılına kadar Üye Devlet­lerin
“İyi Çevre Durumu” (İÇD) sağlamaları veya sür­dürmeleri için gerekli önlemleri
içermektedir. DSÇD Ek 1’de belirlenen on bir niteleyici ‘tanımlayıcı’ doğ­rultusunda
deniz bölgesi veya alt bölgesi düzeyinde İÇD belirlenmektedir ve bulunan 11
tanımlayıcıdan Tanımlayıcı 10 deniz katı atıkları ile ilgilidir. Karade­niz,
Bulgaristan ve Romanya’nın Avrupa Birliği (AB) ülkeleri arasına katılması ile
birlikte Avrupa için önemli bir hale gelmiştir. Ülkemiz ve tüm Karadeniz
Bölgesi’nde deniz çöpleri konusunda yapılmış çalışma az sayıdadır. Bu nedenle
mevcut durum hakkında ye­terli bilgi olmamakla birlikte oluşturduğu ekolojik,
ekonomik ve sosyal zararlar göz önüne alındığında araştırılması gereken önemli
bir konu olduğu düşü­nülmektedir. Bu kapsamda yapılan bu derleme ile DSÇD
altında deniz çöpleri ve Karadeniz Bölge­si’ndeki durum irdelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Deniz çöpleri, Deniz Strateji Çerçeve Direktifi, Tanımlayıcı 10, Karadeniz

Kaynakça

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