Effects of organic amendments on tomato yield and electrochemical properties of soilless growing media

Yıl 2024, , 392 - 400, 27.06.2024

Dahiru Habib , Muhammad Bello Bashir Mansur Usman Dawaki Victor Onokebhagbe Abbati Muhammad Umar Usman Sharif Aminu Umar Abubakar

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.2.14

Öz

This research sought to investigate how using organic amendments derived from readily accessible materials affects both tomato production and the electrochemical characteristics of soilless growing media. A greenhouse experiment using six (6) different locally accessible and underutilized composted organic materials [cocoa peat, rice husk, ground Doum palm (Hyphaene thebaica) fruit, Iroko (Milicia excelsa) saw dust, mahogany (Khaya senegelensis) saw dust, and Sapele saw dust (Entandophragma cylindricum)] was carried out. Standard procedures were used to determine the physical, chemical, and electrochemical characteristics of the modified materials.The results revealed that the highest water retaining capacity of the media varied from 51.11% to 85.56%. Iroko palm has the highest bulk density (0.94 g cm-3) while Doum palm has the highest particle density (0.81 g cm-3). The results of the study showed that the pH of the medium in KCl ranged from 6.32 to 7.81 and 7.36 to 8.37 for pH in water. The electrical potentials for the different media ranged from -52.01 to -93.38. The point zero charge of soils was shown to be positively correlated to the properties of the medium. The pH, electrical conductivity (ECe), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the media all increased when the media was modified. It is recommended that rice husks and cocopeat be used as growing given their superior performance compared to the other tested media in tomato production. However, because of the cost of producing cocopeat media, rice husk can serve as an alternative to cocopeat as a growing medium. Despite a slight delay in germination in the rice husk media, a high yield was attained at the end of production.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soilles Media, Composting, Cation Exchange Capacity, Point of Zero Charge, Tomato

Kaynakça

• Ahmad, M. G., Hassan, B., & Mehrdad, J. (2011). Effect of some culture substrates (date-palm peat, cocopeat and perlite) on some growing indices and nutrient elements uptake in greenhouse tomato. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5(12), 1437–1442. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR10.786.
• Ahmad. (2009). Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Cocopeat-Based Media Mixtures and Their Effects on the Growth and Development of Celosia cristata. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 4(1), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.3844/AJAB.2009.63.71
• Azim, K., Soudi, B., Boukhari, S., Perissol, C., Roussos, S., & Thami Alami, I. (2018). Composting parameters and compost quality: A literature review. Organic Agriculture, 8(2), 141–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-017-0180-z.
• Barrett, G. E., Alexander, P. D., Robinson, J. S., & Bragg, N. C. (2016). Achieving environmentally sustainable growing media for soilless plant cultivation systems – A review. Scientia Horticulturae, 212, 220–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.09.030.
• Beesley, L., Moreno-Jimenez, E., GomezEyles, J., Harris, E., Robinson, B. & Sizmur, T. (2011). A review of biochars’ potential role in the remediation, revegetation and restoration of contaminated soils. Environmental Pollution,xxx: 1-14
• Best, N. B., Hartwig, T., Budka, J. S., Bishop, B. J., Brown, E., Potluri, D. P. V., Cooper, B. R., Premachandra, G. S., Johnston, C. T., & Schulz, B. (2014). Soilless Plant Growth Media Influence the Efficacy of Phytohormones and Phytohormone Inhibitors. PLoS ONE, 9(12), e107689. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107689
• Cappuyns, V., & Swennen, R. (2008). The Use of Leaching Tests to Study the Potential Mobilization of Heavy Metals from Soils and Sediments: A Comparison. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 191(1–4), 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9609-4.
• Chaves, L. H. G., Mendes, J. S. & Iede de Brito Chaves. (2016). Effects of poultry biochar on electrochemical properties of electronegative soils. International Journal of Current Research, 8 (11): 40834-40837.
• Chen, De., Ye, Xuezhu., Jiang, Yugen., Xiao, Wendan., Zhang, Qi., Zhao, Shouping., Shao, Sainan., Gao, Na., Huang, Miaojie., & Hu, Jing (2022). Continuously applying compost for three years alleviated soil acidity and heavy metal bioavailability in a soil-asparagus lettuce system. Frontiers in Plant Science (13)1664-462 doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.972789.
• Cheng, C. H., Lehmann, J., Thies, J. E., Burton, S. D., & Engelhard, M. H. (2006). Oxidation of black carbon by biotic and abiotic processes. Organic Geochemistry. 37, 1477–1488
• Citak, Sedat & Sonmez, Sahriye. (2011). Effects of chemical fertilizer and different organic manures application on soil pH, EC and organic matter content. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment. 9. 739-741.
• Gruda, N. (2019). Increasing Sustainability of Growing Media Constituents and Stand-Alone Substrates in Soilless Culture Systems. Agronomy, 9(6), 298. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060298
• Ibeawuchi, I. I., Okoli, N. A., Alagba, R. A., Ofor, M. O., Emma-Okafor, L. C., Peter-Onoh, C. A., & Obiefuna, J. C. (2015). Fruit and Vegetable Crop Production in Nigeria: The Gains , Challenges and The Way Forward. Journal of Botany, Agricultural and Healthcare, 5(2), 194–209. https://doi.org/10.1.1.678.6170.
• Ibrahim, Y. E., Nuradeen, A. M. & R. A. Abubakar. (2014). Factors affecting soil quality maintenance in Northern Katsina State, Nigeria. Science World Journal, 9 (4): 39-45.
• Kadir, A. A., Azhari, N. W., & Jamaludin, S. N. (2016). An Overview of Organic Waste in Composting. MATEC Web of Conferences, 47, 05025. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20164705025
• Keener, H. M., Dick, W. A., & Hoitink, H. A. J. (2018). Composting and Beneficial Utilization of Composted By-Product Materials. In J. F. Power, W. A. Dick, R. M. Kashmanian, J. T. Sims, R. J. Wright, M. D. Dawson, & D. Bezdicek (Eds.), SSSA Book Series (pp. 315–341). Soil Science Society of America. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser6.c10.
• Marta, C., Zofia, S. & Boguta, P. (2019). Impact of biochar on physicochemical properties haplic luvisol soil under different land use: A plot experiment. Agronomy, 9 (531): 1-16.
• Mohammed, M., Abdulhamid, A., Badamasi, M., & Ahmed, M. (2015). Rainfall Dynamics and Climate Change in Kano, Nigeria. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 7(5), 386–395. https://doi.org/10.9734/JSRR/2015/17098.
• Mustapha, A., Yakudima, I. I., Alhaji, M., Nabegu, A. B., Dakata, F. A. G., Umar, Y. A., & Musa, B. U. (2014). Overview Of The Physical And Human Setting Of Kano Region, Nigeria. 1(5), 12.
• Olle, M., Ngouajio, M., & Siomos, A. (2012). Vegetable quality and productivity as influenced by growing medium: A review. 99(4), 10.
• Onokebhagbe, V.O., Uzoma, K. C., Lawal, M., Auwalu, A. & Habib, D. W. (2021). Effects of Poultry Biochar on Electrochemical Properties of an Alfisol and Vertisol of Northern Nigeria. Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS), 1 (3), 200-207. doi: 10.47540/ijias.v1i3.288.
• Qasim, W., Lee, M. H., Moon, B. E., Okyere, F. G., Khan, F., Nafees, M., & Kim, H. T. (2018). Composting of chicken manure with a mixture of sawdust and wood shavings under forced aeration in a closed reactor system. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 7(3), 261–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-018-0212-z.
• Thiyageshwari, S., Gayathri, P., Krishnamoorthy, R., Anandham, R., & Paul, D. (2018). Exploration of Rice Husk Compost as an Alternate Organic Manure to Enhance the Productivity of Blackgram in Typic Haplustalf and Typic Rhodustalf. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(2), 358. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020358.
• Zhang, F. S., Zhang, X. N. & Yu, T. R. (1991). Reactions of hydrogen ions with variable charge soils: Ion mechanisms of reaction. Soil Science, 151:436-43.