Comparison of The Yield and Toxicological Properties of Maize Grown as The Main Crop ın Batman and as The Second Crop in Mardin in Türkiye
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the yield parameters, toxicological status, microbial contamination levels and color characteristics of different maize (Zea mays L.) varieties grown in two different provinces in Türkiye, as the main crop in Batman province and as the second crop in Mardin province. In the samples evaluated in the research, moisture content was found to be between 9.2–14.1%, thousand grain weight was found to be between 291.9–377.6 g, hectoliter weight was found to be between 77.0–79.1 kg/hl and yield per decare was found to be between 1107–1385.9 kg/da. In the color analyses; brightness (L*) ranged from 56.3–61.7, red-green axis (a*) 8.7–1.20, yellow-blue axis (b*) 36.0–42.6. In toxicological analyzes, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) levels were determined as 1.69–21.80 ppb, aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) levels as 0.74–0.80 ppb and total aflatoxin content as 1.69–22.60 ppb. It was observed that the determined aflatoxin levels were below the limits specified in the legislation. Yeast and mold growth was detected in 17 (35.4%) of the total 48 maize samples examined. The isolated microorganisms were Penicillium spp. at 31.2%, followed by Alternaria spp. at 14.6%, Aspergillus spp. at 12.5%, and yeast species at 4.16%.Soil analyses indicated that the main crop maize fields were clayey, while second-crop maize fields were clay-loam. The overall findings of the study indicated that the varieties grown as the main crops (especially P2088) were superior in terms of yield and quality parameters. These results demonstrate that cultivation time, soil properties, and genetic diversity have significant effects on maize quality and toxicological safety. Growing maize as the second crop in Mardin province should be considered as an advantage.
Keywords
Aflatoxin, Grain Maize, Main Crop, Second Crop, Yield, Quality, Soil Properties
Supporting Institution
This study was supported by YYU Scientific Research Projects Directorate as project number FYL-2017-6170.
Project Number
FYL-2017-6170
Thanks
We would like to thank Prof Dr Stephen Macko from the University of Virginia, United States, for editing the English version of this article. We would like to thank the Scientific Research Projects Unit at Van Yüzüncü Yıl University for their support.
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