Effects of different doses of zeatin, kinetin, and gibberellic acid biostimulants on growth and biochemical parameters during the seedling development stage of Istanbul Oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum)

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 681 - 687, 29.09.2024

Muhammed Said Yolcu

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.3.22

Abstract

This research was conducted to determine the effects of different doses of zeatin, kinetin, and gibberellic acid biostimulants, which are plant growth and development regulators, on the growth parameters and some biochemical parameters of Istanbul oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse setting according to the "Completely Randomized Experimental Design" with three replications. In the study, seedling and root lengths, seedling and root fresh weights, seedling and root dry weights, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total carotenoid content, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity (CUPRAC and FRAP) parameters were examined. The results of the study showed that all biostimulants increased the growth and biochemical parameters compared to the control, except for seedling dry weight. The highest plant height was obtained from the 200 ppm dose of gibberellic acid, while the highest values in growth parameters, except for root dry weight, were obtained from the 50 and 100 ppm doses of kinetin. The highest values for chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, total carotenoid, and FRAP antioxidant activity were found at the 40 ppm dose of zeatin, while the highest values for total phenolics and CUPRAC antioxidant activity were observed at the 100 ppm dose of kinetin.

Keywords

Antioxidant, Biostimulants, Origanum, Seedling Development, Total Phenolic Contents

References

• Afroz, S., Mohammad, F., Hayat, S., Siddiqui, MH. (2005). Exogenous application of gibberellic acid counteracts the effect of sodium chloride in mustard. Turk. J. Biol., 29: 233–236.
• Aftab, T., Khan, M. M. A., Idrees, M., Naeem, M., Singh, M., Ram, M. (2010). Stimulation of crop productivity, photosynthesis and artemisinin production in Artemisia annua L. by triacontanol and gibberellic acid application. Journal of Plant Interactions, 5: 273–281.
• Ak, T., & Gülçin, I. (2008). Antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of curcumin. Chemico-biological interactions, 174(1), 27-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2008.05.003
• Alharby, H. F., Rizwan, M., Iftikhar, A., Hussaini, K. M., ur Rehman, M. Z., Bamagoos, A. A., ...& Ali, S. (2021). Effect of gibberellic acid and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on growth, antioxidant defense system and mineral nutrient uptake in wheat. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 221, 112436.
• Ali, E. F., Aljarani, A. M., Mohammed, F. A., Desoky, E. S. M., Mohamed, I. A., El-Sharnouby, M., ... & Shaaban, A. (2022). Exploring the potential enhancing effects of trans-zeatin and silymarin on the productivity and antioxidant defense capacity of cadmium-stressed wheat. Biology, 11(8), 1173.
• Ali, R. A., Hayat, U., Hussain, I., Ahmed, W., Malik, M. A. M., Shaukat, M. F., ... & Stanislas, H. (2023). Effect of zeatin and kinetin on growth and quality of Lilium lancifolium grown in Haripur region. Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University, Natural Science Edition, 19(11), 215-223.
• Angelova, Y., Petkova, S., Zozikova, E. (2001). Effects of kinetin and 4Pu-30 on the growth and the content of polyphenols in tobacco. Bulg. J. Plant Physiol. 27, 36–42.
• Anonymous (2024). https://www.accuweather.com/tr/tr/arifbey/320558/november-weather/320558?year=2023
• Ashour, H. A., Mohamed, E. Z. O., & El-Attar, A. B. E. D. S. (2023). Response of Ervatamia coronaria to plant growth regulators and chemical fertilization. Ornamental Horticulture, 29, 99-110.
• Azizi, A., Yan, F., Honermeier, B. (2009). Herbage yield, essential oil content and composition of three oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) populations as affected by soil moisture regimes and nitrogen supply. Industrial crops and products, 29(2-3), 554-561.
• Barciszewski, J., Rattan, S.I., Siboska, G., Clark, B.F. (1999). Kinetin—45 years on. Plant Sci. 148, 37–45.
• Bayram, E., Arabacı, O. (2021). Oregano‖ The Genus Origanum (Lamiaceae) Taxonomy, Cultivation, Chemistry, and Uses, Chapter 4. Cultivation of Oregano, Ed. Tuncay Dirmenci, Nova Science Publiser, Inc., New York, s 462, ISBN:978-1-68507- 315-2.
• Beltrán J.M.G., Espinosa C., Guardiola F.A., Ángeles Esteban M. (2018). In vitro effects of Origanum vulgare leaf extracts on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) leucocytes, cytotoxic, bactericidal and antioxidant activities. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 79, 1-10.
• Bielach, A., Hrtyan, M., Tognetti, V.B. (2017). Plants under stress: involvement of auxin and cytokinin. Int J Mol Sci. 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18071427
• Campa, C., Mondolot, L., Rakotondravao, A., Bidel, L.P.R., Gargadennec, A., Couturon, E.; La Fisca, P.; Rakotomalala, J.J., Jay-Allemand, C., Davis, A.P. (2012). A survey of mangiferin and hydroxycinnamic acid ester accumulation in coffee (Coffea) leaves: Biological implications and uses. Ann. Bot. 110, 595–613.
• Cortleven, A., Schmülling, T. (2015). Regulation of chloroplast development and function by cytokinin. Journal of experimental botany, 66(16), 4999-5013.
• Dadkhah, A., Ghorbanian, S., Rassam, G. (2016). Foliar application effect of gibberelic acid on growth, volatile oil and nutrients content of Satureja hortensis L. Zeitschrift für Arznei-& Gewürzpflanzen, 21(2), 76-79.
• Duman, H. (2000). Origanum L. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, 11(Suppl 2), 207.
• Dutra, T.V., Castro, J.C., Menezes, J.L., Ramos, T.R., Prado, I.N., Junior, M.M., Mikcha, J.M.G., Abreu Filho, B. A. (2019). “Bioactivity of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil against Alicyclobacillus spp.”. Industrial Crops & Products, 129, 345- 349.
• Emami, H., Saeidnia, M., Hatamzadeh, A., Bakhshi, D., Ghorbani, E. (2011). The effect of gibberellic acid and benzyladenine in growth and flowering of Lily (Lilium longiflorum). Advances in Environmental Biology, pp.1606-1612.
• Faraji, S., Naderi, R., Ibadli, O.V., Basaki, T., Gasimov, S.N. and Hosseinova, S. (2011). Effects of post harvesting on biochemical changes in Gladiolus cut flowers cultivars [White prosperity]. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 9(5), pp.572-577.
• Guan, W., Ren, X., Li, Y., Mao, L. (2019). “The beneficial effects of grape seed, sage and oregano extracts on the quality and volatile flavor component of hairtail fish balls during cold storage at 4 °C”. LWT, 101, 25-31.
• Gul, H., Khattak, A.M., Amin, N. (2006). Accelerat ing the growth of Araucaria heterophylla seedling through different gibberellic acid concentrations and nitrogen levels. J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 1: 25–29.
• Havlicek, L., Hanuš, J., Veselý, J., Leclerc, S., Meijer, L., Shaw, G. and Strnad, M. (1997). Cytokinin-derived cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: synthesis and cdc2 inhibitory activity of olomoucine and related compounds. Journal of medicinal chemistry, Volume 40, Issue 4, 408-412.
• Khan, M.N., Khan, Z., Luo, T., Liu, J.H., Rizwan, M., Zhang, J., Xu, Z.H., Wu., H.H., Hu, L.Y. (2020). Seed priming with gibberellic acid and melatonin in rapeseed: Consequences for improving yield and seed quality under drought and non-stress conditions. Ind. Crops Prod. 156. 112850 https://doi.org/10.1016/j. indcrop.2020.112850.
• Lazar, T., Taiz, L., Zeiger, E. (2003). Plant physiology. 3rd edn. Ann Bot. 91:750–1. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg079.
• Lichtenthaler, H.K. (1987). Chlorophyll fluorescence signatures of leaves during the autumnal chlorophyll breakdown. J Plant Physiol, 131: 101-110.
• Mirheidari, F., Hatami, M., Ghorbanpour, M. (2022). Effect of different concentrations of IAA, GA3 and chitosan nano-fiber on physio-morphological characteristics and metabolite contents in roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). South African Journal of Botany, 145, 323-333.
• Modi, A.R., Shukla, Y.M., Litoriya, N.S., Patel, N. J., Narayan, S. (2011). Effect of gibberellic acid foliar spray on growth parameters and stevioside content of ex vitro grown plants of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Medicinal Plants-International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries, 3(2), 157-160.
• Mok, D.W., Mok, M. C. (2001). “Cytokinin metabolism and action”. Annual review of plant biology, Volume 52, Issue 1, 89-118.
• Patrick, D.J. (2015). Plant biostimulants: definition, concept, main categories and regulation. Scientia Horticulture. 196, pp. 3 - 14.
• Rahbarian, P., Salehi Sardoei, A., Fallah Imani, A. (2014). Stimulatory Effect of benzyladenine and gibberellic acid on Growth and Photosynthetic pigments of (Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel) Plants. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. 2(1): 230-237.
• Sachett, A., Gallas-Lopes, M., Conterato, G. M. M., Herrmann, A. P., Piato, A. (2021). Antioxidant activity by FRAP assay: in vitro protocol. Protocols, http://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.btqrnmv6
• Salehi, Sardoei, A., Rahbarian, P., Fallah Imani, A. (2014). Stimulatory Effect of gibberellic acid and benzyladenine on Growth and Photosynthetic pigments of Ficus benjamina L. Plants. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. 2(1): 34-42.
• Sameena, P.P., Kalaji, H.M., Zuk-Gołaszewska, K., Horaczek, T., Sierka, E., Puthur, J.T. (2021). 6-Benzylaminopurine alleviates the impact of Cu2+ toxicity on photosynthetic performance of Ricinus communis L. seedlings. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 13349.
• Santos, B., Morales-Payan, J.P, Stall, W.M., Dusky, J.A. (1998). Effects of nitrogen and gibberellic acid combination on basil growth. Soil Crop Sci.Soc. Florida Pro. 57: 99–110.
• Sarikurkcu, C., Zengin, G., Oskay, M., Uysal, S., Ceylan, R., Aktumsek, A. (2015). Composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and enzyme inhibition activities of two Origanum vulgare subspecies (subsp. vulgare and subsp. hirtum) essential oils. Industrial Crops and Products, 70, 178-184.
• Siahpoush, S. (2011). Change of some defense compounds of cucumber treated with Bacillus cereus and salicylic acid against Meloidogyne javanica. Afr. J. Plant Sci. 2011, 5, 829–834.
• Skoufogianni, E., Solomou, A. D., Danalatos, N. G. (2019). Ecology, cultivation and utilization of the aromatic Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare L.): A review. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 47(3), 545-552.
• Sozmen, F., Uysal, B., Kose, E.O., Aktas, O., Cinbilgel, I., Oksal, B.S. (2012). Extraction of the essential oil from endemic Origanum bilgeri P.H Davis with two different methods: comparison of the oil composition and antibacterial activity. Chem. Biodivers. 9, 1356–1363.
• Srivastava, N. K., Srivastava, A.K. (2007). Influence of gibberellic acid on 14CO2 metabolism, growth, and production of alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus. Photosynthetica, 45: 156–160.
• Steinhart, C.E., Mann, J.D., Mudd, S.H. (1964). Alkaloids and Plant Metabolism. VII. The Kinetin-Produced Elevation in Tyramine Methylpherase Levels. Plant Physiol. 39, 1030–1038. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• Taiz, L., Zeiger, E. (2010). Plant Physiology (5th ed.) Sinauer Associates. Sunderland.
• Tınmaz, A.B., Başer K.H.C., Karik, Ü., Kürkçüoǧlu, M., Öztürk, M. (2009). Determination of quality specifications of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum populations growing in marmara region of Turkey. Acta Horticulture. 826:153-158. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.826.21.
• Toprak, Ç.Ç. (2019). Bazı bitki büyüme düzenleyicilerinin dereotu (anethum graveolens l.)’nda bazı tarımsal özellikler ile uçucu yağ biyosentezi üzerine etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Isparta.
• Waterhouse. A.L. (2002). Determination of total phenolics. Curr. Protoc. Food Anal. Chem. 6. I1.1.1–I1.1.8.
• Yousef, A.S.M., Gomma, A.O. (2008). Influence of GA3 application and Kristalon Fertilizer on growth, flowering and chemical composition of Dahlia pinnata plant (summer flowering type). Alex. J. Agric. Res. 53: 191–207.
• Yu, S., Zehra, A., Sahito, Z.A., Wang, W., Chen, S., Feng, Y., He, Z., Yang, X. (2024). Cytokinin mediated shoot proliferation and its correlation with phytoremediation effects in Cd-hyperaccumulator ecotype of Sedum alfredii. Sci. Total Environ. 912, 168993.
• Yuan, L., Xu, D. Q. (2001). Stimulation effect of gibberellic acid short term treatment on leaf photosynthesis related to the increase in RuBis CO content in brood bean and soybean. Photo synthesis Research, 68: 39–47
• Zhu, J., Wu, F.L., Yue, S.N., Chen, C., Song, S.Q., Wang, H., Zhao, M.W. (2019). Functions of reactive oxygen species in apoptosis and ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum. Fems Microbiol. Lett. 366 (23). 23. https://doi.org/10.1093/ femsle/fnaa015.