The Age of Digitalization in Industry: From Digital Twins to Digital Product Passport

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 11 - 21, 28.06.2024

Mehmet Erdal Özbek

Öz

In the age of digitalization, new tools are emerging everyday accommodating Metaverse. Integration of digital world to the real world requires a flexible transition framework demonstrated by digital twins (DTs). By definition, DTs constitute a foundation enabling seamless connection using the existing and upcoming emerging technologies. The industry does not exempt from this shift as the digital transformation of industry is already on the way of updating from Industry 4.0 to 5.0. Currently, any transformation attempt is tightly associated to the sustainability development goals. The circular economy requirements challenge the efficiency of the ongoing production mechanisms phrased as smart manufacturing. Therefore, the digital product passport (DPP) envisioned being a way of pursuing the digitized information through the Internet of Things technology in a production life cycle chain. In this work, a guideline of digital transformation from DTs to DPP is provided on a smart manufacturing process implemented in a laboratory. The connection between DTs and DPP is shown for a factory model, while discussing possible avenues as well as challenges for further development of industrial Metaverse. As a result, this study serves as a foundation for companies under digital transformation in achieving better understanding of DT and DPP for a greener, sustainable circle economy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Factory Model, Industrial Metaverse, IoT, Smart Manufacturing, Sustainability

Kaynakça

• H. Wang, H. Ning, Y. Lin, S. Dhelim, F. Farha, J. Ding, and M. Daneshmand, “A survey on the Metaverse: The state-of-the-art, technologies, applications, and challenges”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 10, no. 16, pp. 14671-14688, 2023.
• K. G. Nalbant and S. Aydın, “Development and transformation in digital marketing and branding with artificial intelligence and digital technologies dynamics in the Metaverse universe”, Journal of Metaverse, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 9-18, 2023.
• K. Li, Y. Cui, W. Li, T. Lv, X. Yuan, S. Li, W. Ni, M. Simsek, F. Dressler, “When Internet of things meets Metaverse: Convergence of physical and cyber worlds”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 4148-4173, 2023.
• S. -M. Park and Y. -G. Kim, “A Metaverse: Taxonomy, components, applications, and open challenges”, IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 4209-4251, 2022.
• A. Fuller, Z. Fan, C. Day, and C. Barlow, “Digital twin: Enabling technologies, challenges and open research”, IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 108952-108971, 2020.
• C. Yang, W. Shen, X. Wang, “The Internet of things in manufacturing: Key issues and potential applications”, IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Magazine, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 6-15, 2018.
• Z. Lv, “Digital twins in Industry 5.0”, Research, vol. 6, pp. 0071, 2023.
• L. Li, B. Lei, and C. Mao, “Digital twin in smart manufacturing”, Journal of Industrial Information Integration, vol. 26, pp. 100289, 2022.
• United Nations, “Sustainable development goals”, [Online] Available: https://sdgs.un.org/goals, [Accessed 15 February 2024].
• M. Breque, A. De Nul, L. Petridis, “Industry 5.0 - Towards a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European industry”, Policy brief, Publications Office of the European Union, European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, 2021.
• J. Potting, M. Hekkert, E. Worrell, and A. Hanemaaijer, “Circular economy: Measuring innovation in the product chain”, Policy Report, PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague, 2017.
• C. Turner, J. Oyekan, W. Garn, C. Duggan, and K. Abdou, “Industry 5.0 and the circular economy: Utilizing LCA with intelligent products”, Sustainability, vol. 14, pp. 14847, 2022.
• M. Grieves, “Digital twin: Manufacturing excellence through virtual factory replication. White paper, 2014.
• R. Asif and S. R. Hassan, “Exploring the confluence of IoT and Metaverse: Future opportunities and challenges, IoT, vol. 4, pp. 412-429, 2023.
• F. Tao, J. Cheng, Q. Qi, M. Zhang, H. Zhang, and F. Sui, “Digital twin-driven product design, manufacturing and service with big data”, Int J Adv. Manuf. Technol, vol. 94, pp. 3563-3576, 2018.
• R. Minerva, G. M. Lee, and N. Crespi, “Digital twin in the IoT context: A survey on technical features, scenarios, and architectural models”, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 108, no. 10, pp. 1785-1824, 2020.
• E. VanDerHorn and S. Mahadevan, “Digital twin: Generalization, characterization and implementation”, Decision Support Systems, vol. 145, pp. 113524, 2021.
• Gartner press release, “Gartner identifies five emerging technology trends that will blur the lines between human and machine”, [Online] Available: https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2018-08-20-gartner-identifies-five-emerging-technology-trends-that-will-blur-the-lines-between-human-and-machine. [Accessed 15 February 2024].
• A. Rasheed, O. San, and T. Kvamsdal, “Digital twin: Values, challenges and enablers from a modeling perspective”, IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 21980-22012, 2020.
• L. Lattanzi, R. Raffaeli, M. Peruzzini, and M. Pellicciari, “Digital twin for smart manufacturing: A review of concepts towards a practical industrial implementation”, International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 567-597, 2021.
• J. Deuse, D. Wagstyl, V. H. Moreno, M. Polikarpov, R. Wöstmann, and F. Hoffmann, “Green digital twins in the product life cycle”, Schriftenreihe der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft für Arbeits- und Betriebsorganisation (WGAB) e. V., pp. 167-186, 2023.
• ISO 23247, “Automation systems and integration - Digital twin framework for manufacturing”, 2021.
• T. Götz, H. Berg, M. Jansen, T. Adisorn, D. Cembrero, S. Markkanen, and T. Chowdhury, “Digital product passport: The ticket to achieving a climate neutral and circular European economy?”, University of Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership (CISL) and the Wuppertal Institute, Cambridge, UK: CLG Europe, 2022.
• European Commission, “Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for setting ecodesign requirements for sustainable products and repealing directive 2009/125/EC”, European Commission: Brussels, Belgium, 2022.
• S. Nowacki, G. M. Sisik, and C. M. Angelopoulos, “Digital product passports: Use cases framework and technical architecture using DLT and smart contracts”, 19th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Smart Systems and the Internet of Things (DCOSS-IoT), Pafos, Cyprus, pp. 373-380, 2023.
• S. F. Jensen, J. H. Kristensen, S. Adamsen, A. Christensen, and B. V. Waehrens, “Digital product passports for a circular economy: Data needs for product life cycle decision-making”, Sustainable Production and Consumption, vol. 37, pp. 242-255, 2023.
• T. Adisorn, L. Tholen, and T. Götz, “Towards a digital product passport fit for contributing to a circular economy”, Energies, vol. 14, pp. 2289, 2021.
• L. Saari, J. Heilala, T. Heikkilä, J. Kääriäinen, A. Pulkkinen, and T. Rantala, “Digital product passport promotes sustainable manufacturing: Whitepaper”, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2022.
• J. Walden, A. Steinbrecher, and M. Marinkovic, “Digital product passports as enabler of the circular economy”, Chemie Ingenieur Technik, vol. 93, pp. 1717-1727, 2021.
• T. Rantala, L. Saari, M. Jurmu, K. Behm, J. Heikkilä, A. Jokinen, R. Palmgren, E. Paronen, K. Rainio, K. Valtanen, M. Vierimaa, and M. Ylikerälä, “Digital technologies for circular manufacturing”, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT White Paper, 2023.
• D. J. Langley, E. Rosca, M. Angelopoulos, O. Kamminga, and C. Hooijer, “Orchestrating a smart circular economy: Guiding principles for digital product passports”, Journal of Business Research, vol. 169, pp. 114259, 2023.
• S. B. Far and A. I. Rad, “Applying digital twins in Metaverse: User interface, security and privacy challenges”, Journal of Metaverse, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 8-15, 2022.
• M. Jansen, T. Meisen, C. Plociennik, H. Berg, A. Pomp, and W. Windholz, “Stop guessing in the dark: Identified requirements for digital product passport systems”, Systems, vol. 11, pp. 123, 2023.
• M. R. N. King, P. D. Timms, and S. Mountney, “A proposed universal definition of a digital product passport ecosystem (DPPE): Worldviews, discrete capabilities, stakeholder requirements and concerns”, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 384, pp. 135538, 2023.
• Cirpass project, [Online] Available: https://cirpassproject.eu. [Accessed 15 February 2024].
• C. Chi, D. Lin, R. Ramadoss, Y. Yuan, Z. Yin, C. Luo, W. Chen, B. Yang, L. Wei, R. Ma, “White paper - The industrial Metaverse report”, The Industrial Metaverse Report, IEEE, pp. 1-20, 2023.
• D. Mourtzis, “Digital twin inception in the era of industrial Metaverse”, Frontiers in Manufacturing Technology, vol. 3, pp. 1155735, 2023.
• T. Bohné, C. Li, and K. Triantafyllidis, “Exploring the industrial Metaverse: A roadmap to the future”, World Economic Forum, Briefing Paper, 2023.
• J. A. Fortoul-Diaz, L. A. Carrillo-Martinez, A. Centeno-Tellez, F. Cortes-Santacruz, I. Olmos-Pineda, and R. R. Flores-Quintero, “A smart factory architecture based on Industry 4.0 technologies: Open-source software implementation”, IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 101727-101749, 2023.
• J. Soldatos (Editor), Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing, Enabling Intelligent, Flexible and Cost-Effective Production Through AI, Springer, 2024.