Varying Capacity and Harvesting in a Prey-Predator System with Memory Effect

Abstract

This paper investigates a fractional-order prey-predator model with varying prey-carrying capacity and the inclusion of harvesting in both populations. The model uses fractional derivatives to include memory effects, aiming to capture ecological dynamics better. Moreover, it considers how prey can alter its carrying capacity by modifying the environment. The stability and Hopf bifurcation analyses are used to study population cycles and equilibrium states. Numerical simulations reveal key biological insights, emphasizing the need for sustainable harvesting and the influence of past interactions on ecosystem balance.

Keywords

• Prey-predator
• varying carrying capacity
• Caputo fractional derivative
• harvesting

References

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