An Investigation into the Liquefaction Phenomena in the Iskenderun Bay Following the February 6 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake
Abstract
This study investigates the liquefaction phenomena in the İskenderun Bay by revisiting the site that was liquefied during the first major strike of the Kahramanmaraş earthquake events on February 6th, 2023 (with a moment magnitude of 7.7). Firstly, the recorded input motions around the site are described. Accordingly, the soil profiles at the site are illustrated, along with the measured Standard Penetration Test (SPT) values. Later, the liquefaction analyses are conducted using a simplified method. Additionally, the two soil profiles are modelled and simulated under one of the recorded input motions at the site. Both analytical and numerical results clearly illustrate a high level of liquefaction possibility, with safety factors well below the threshold value of 1, particularly at the granular soil layers. Moreover, the generation of excess pore water pressure appears to increase as it moves through the ground surface within the sandy and silty soil layers. This implicitly indicates the liquefaction susceptibility of granular soil layers at the top 20 m of the site. It also highlights the effectiveness of the simplified and numerical approaches in predicting liquefaction.
Keywords
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Earthquake Engineering, Civil Geotechnical Engineering
Journal Section
Research Article
Early Pub Date
September 30, 2025
Publication Date
September 30, 2025
Submission Date
May 22, 2025
Acceptance Date
August 11, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 2025 Volume: 11 Number: 3
APA
Guzel, Y., & Güzel, F. (2025). An Investigation into the Liquefaction Phenomena in the Iskenderun Bay Following the February 6 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences, 11(3), 260-275. https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.1704353
AMA
1.Guzel Y, Güzel F. An Investigation into the Liquefaction Phenomena in the Iskenderun Bay Following the February 6 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake. JARNAS. 2025;11(3):260-275. doi:10.28979/jarnas.1704353
Chicago
Guzel, Yusuf, and Fidan Güzel. 2025. “An Investigation into the Liquefaction Phenomena in the Iskenderun Bay Following the February 6 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake”. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences 11 (3): 260-75. https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.1704353.
EndNote
Guzel Y, Güzel F (September 1, 2025) An Investigation into the Liquefaction Phenomena in the Iskenderun Bay Following the February 6 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences 11 3 260–275.
IEEE
[1]Y. Guzel and F. Güzel, “An Investigation into the Liquefaction Phenomena in the Iskenderun Bay Following the February 6 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake”, JARNAS, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 260–275, Sept. 2025, doi: 10.28979/jarnas.1704353.
ISNAD
Guzel, Yusuf - Güzel, Fidan. “An Investigation into the Liquefaction Phenomena in the Iskenderun Bay Following the February 6 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake”. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences 11/3 (September 1, 2025): 260-275. https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.1704353.
JAMA
1.Guzel Y, Güzel F. An Investigation into the Liquefaction Phenomena in the Iskenderun Bay Following the February 6 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake. JARNAS. 2025;11:260–275.
MLA
Guzel, Yusuf, and Fidan Güzel. “An Investigation into the Liquefaction Phenomena in the Iskenderun Bay Following the February 6 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake”. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 260-75, doi:10.28979/jarnas.1704353.
Vancouver
1.Yusuf Guzel, Fidan Güzel. An Investigation into the Liquefaction Phenomena in the Iskenderun Bay Following the February 6 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake. JARNAS. 2025 Sep. 1;11(3):260-75. doi:10.28979/jarnas.1704353