A Study on Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Mulberry Leaves Which Grown in Edirne Province

Abstract

Mulberry leaves are used traditional medicine in many diseases. The various biological activities of the plants are due to its chemical contents, therefore the phytochemical composition and biological potential of the plant vary according to the region where it grows. In this study, it was aimed to determine the antioxidant activity and antidiabetic potential using in vitro inhibition tests of leaves of white and black mulberry obtained from trees grown in Edirne. Total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents of leaves extracts were determined in the range of 35.08-47.57 µg gallic acid, 18.40-46.25 µg rutin and 4.59- 7.53 µg tannic acid equivalents, respectively. While ethanol extract of black mulberry leaves showed high activity in CUPRAC method (9.1 μmol TEAC), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2΄-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) (ABTS) radicals scavenging assays (EC50 0.31 mg/mL and 0.79 mg/mL, respectively), the ethanol extract of white mulberry leaves showed better carotene bleaching activity (EC50 0.47 mg/mL). Only water extracts of leaves were observed to have metal chelating capacity. In the antidiabetic activity study, the water extracts of leaves showed varying degrees of inhibition on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The potential inhibitory effect of water extracts on carbohydrate digestive enzymes shows that mulberry leaves can be considered as a source of a drug candidate in the antidiabetic drug researches. Also black mulberry leaves can be used in cosmetic applications due to their antioxidant properties.

Keywords

• Antiradicalic activitiy
• enzyme inhibition
• metal chelating
• mulberry leaf
• phenolic content

Edirne İlinde Yetişen Dut Ağacı Yapraklarının Antioksidan ve Antidiyabetik Aktivitesi Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Dut yaprakları halk arasında çeşitli hastalıklarda geleneksel olarak kullanılan bir bitkidir. Bitkilerin gösterdikleri çok çeşitli biyolojik etkinlikleri içerdikleri bileşenlerden kaynaklanmakta olup, bitkinin fitokimyasal bileşimi ve biyolojik potansiyeli yetiştiği bölgeye göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada Edirne ilinde yetişen beyaz ve siyah dut ağacı yapraklarından elde edilen su ve etanol ekstraktlarının antioksidan aktivitesinin ve in vitro enzim inhibisyon testleri ile antidiyabetik kapasitesinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Beyaz ve siyah dut ağacı yaprak ekstraktlarının toplam fenolik madde miktarı 35.08-47.57 µg gallik asit eşdeğeri/mg, flavonoid miktarı 18.40-46.25 µg rutin eşdeğeri/mg ve tanen miktarı 4.59-7.53 µg tannik asit eşdeğeri/mg aralıklarında tayin edildi. Antioksidan aktivite testlerinde 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) ve 2,2΄-azinobis-(3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sülfonik asit) (ABTS) radikallerini gidermede (EC50 sırasıyla 0.31 mg/mL ve 0.79 mg/mL) ve CUPRAC metodunda (9.1 μmol troloks eşdeğeri antioksidan kapasite-TEAC) siyah dut yapraklarının etanol ekstraktı yüksek aktivite gösterirken, beta-karoten ağartma metodunda beyaz dut yapraklarının etanol ekstraktı (EC50 0.47 mg/mL) daha iyi sonuç verdi. Dut yapraklarının sadece su ekstraktlarının metal iyonlarını şelatlama gücüne sahip olduğu görüldü. Antidiyabetik aktivite çalışmasında yaprakların su ekstraktları değişen oranlarda α-amilaz ve α-glukozidaz inhibisyonu gösterdi. Su ekstraklarının karbonhidrat sindirim enzimleri üzerine potansiyel inhibitör etkisi göstermesi, ülkemizde besin olarak tüketilmeyen dut yapraklarının ilaç hammaddesi kaynağı olarak değerlendirilebileceğini; siyah dut yapraklarının ise antioksidan katkı amaçlı olarak kozmetik uygulamalarda kullanılmak üzere ekonomiye kazandırılabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Keywords

• Antiradikalik aktivite
• dut yaprağı
• enzim inhibisyonu
• fenolik madde
• metal şelatlama

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