Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliğinde Nanopestisit Kullanımı: Avantajları, Riskleri ve Gelecek Beklentileri

Öz

Dünya nüfusunun hızla artması, güvenilir protein kaynaklarına olan ihtiyacı artırarak su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğini stratejik bir sektör haline getirmiştir. Ancak yoğun üretim; hastalıklar, su kalitesi ve çevresel baskılar nedeniyle sürdürülebilirliği tehdit etmektedir. Geleneksel pestisitler kısa vadeli fayda sağlasa da çevresel kirlilik, direnç gelişimi ve gıda güvenliği riskleri doğurmaktadır. Bu noktada nanoteknoloji temelli pestisitler, kontrollü salım, düşük dozda yüksek etkinlik ve hedefe odaklı etki gibi avantajlarıyla öne çıkmaktadır. Hastalık kontrolü, su kalitesinin korunması ve yem katkılarının etkinliğini artırma gibi alanlarda kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte ekotoksisite, biyobirikim, yüksek maliyet ve düzenleyici eksiklikler kritik sınırlılıklardır. Gelecek çalışmaların risk analizleri, yeşil sentez, RNAi entegrasyonu ve yapay zekâ destekli modellerle ilerlemesi gerekmektedir. Sonuç olarak nanopestisitler sürdürülebilir su ürünleri üretimi için umut verici bir teknoloji olup risk–fayda dengesi dikkatle değerlendirilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ekotoksisite
• Nanopestisit
• Nanoinformatik
• RNAi Entegrasyonu

The Use of Nanopesticides in Aquaculture: Advantages, Risks, and Future Prospects

Öz

The rapid growth of the world's population has increased the need for reliable protein sources, making aquaculture a strategic sector. However, intensive production threatens sustainability due to diseases, water quality, and environmental pressures. While traditional pesticides offer short-term benefits, they also pose risks such as environmental pollution, resistance development, and food safety. In this regard, nanotechnology-based pesticides stand out with their advantages such as controlled release, high efficacy at low doses, and targeted effects. They are used in areas such as disease control, water quality protection, and increasing the effectiveness of feed additives. However, ecotoxicity, bioaccumulation, high cost, and regulatory shortcomings are critical limitations. Future studies should advance risk analyses, green synthesis, RNAi integration, and artificial intelligence-supported models. In conclusion, nanopesticides are a promising technology for sustainable aquaculture production, and the risk-benefit balance should be carefully evaluated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ecotoxicity
• nanopesticide
• nanoinformatics
• RNAi integration

Kaynakça

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