Havacılıkta bulut teknolojisi: Uçuş kayıtlarının dijitalleşmesi ve Ek 13’ün yasal kapasitesi

Öz

Havacılık sektörü, katı uluslararası ve ulusal düzenlemelerle yüksek güvenlik standartlarına sahip olsa da her türlü kazanın önüne geçebilmek mümkün değildir. Meydana gelen kazaların nedenlerinin belirlenmesi ve benzer olayların tekrarını önlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilen incelemelerde, uçuş kayıt cihazları (yaygın adıyla kara kutular) temel rol oynamaktadır. Bu cihazlar, uçuşa ilişkin önemli veriler ile kokpitteki konuşmaları kaydederek, kaza araştırmaları için kritik bilgiler sunmaktadır. Ancak geleneksel uçuş kayıt cihazları, ICAO’nun Şikago Konvansiyonu'nun Ek 13’ünde öngörüldüğü üzere, verilerin fiziksel olarak kurtarılmasına bağımlıdır. Bu durum, özellikle ulaşılması zor bölgelerde gerçekleşen kazalarda, veri kurtarma sürecinin uzamasına yol açabilmektedir. Son yıllarda havacılık alanında yaşanan teknolojik gelişmeler, uçuş verilerinin eş zamanlı olarak uydu vasıtasıyla yer istasyonlarına aktarılmasını ya da uzaktan erişilebilir sistemlerde depolanmasını potansiyel olarak mümkün kılmaktadır. Bu yenilikler, kaza sonrası fiziksel veri kurtarma gerekliliğini önemli ölçüde azaltmakta ve kaza inceleme süreçlerinin daha hızlı ve verimli yürütülmesini vaat etmektedir. Buna karşılık, söz konusu teknolojiler, verilerin korunması, mahremiyet, yetki karmaşası ve hukuki sorumluluk gibi birçok yeni problemi gündeme getirmektedir. Bu makalede, uluslararası havacılık hukukunun, özellikle Ek 13'te yer alan mevcut düzenlemelerin söz konusu teknolojik yeniliklere uyumu incelenmekte ve potansiyel uyumsuzluklara karşı öneriler sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uçuş Kayıt Cihazları
• ICAO Ek 13
• uçuş verilerinin kurtarılması
• gerçek zamanlı veri akışı
• bulut depolama

Cloud is the new black box? Digitalisation of flight records and the legal limits of Annex 13

Öz

The aviation industry has high safety standards with strict international and domestic regulations, but it's not always possible to prevent every accident. In investigations conducted to determine the causes of accidents and prevent similar incidents from recurring, flight recorders (commonly known as black boxes) play a fundamental role. These devices record important flight data and cockpit conversations, providing critical information for accident investigations. However, traditional flight recorders rely on the physical recovery of data, as stipulated in Annex 13 of the ICAO Chicago Convention. This may lead to delays in the data recovery process, especially in accidents that occur in hard-to-reach areas. Technological developments in aviation in recent years have made it potentially possible to transfer flight data to ground stations in real time via satellite or to store it in remotely accessible systems. These innovations significantly reduce the need for physical data recovery after an accident and promise faster and more efficient accident investigation processes. However, these technologies also raise numerous new issues, including data protection, privacy, jurisdictional conflicts, and legal liability. This article examines the compatibility of international aviation law, particularly the existing regulations outlined in Annex 13, with these technological innovations and offers recommendations to address potential incompatibilities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Flight Recorders
• ICAO Annex 13
• flight data recovery
• real-time data streaming
• cloud storage

Kaynakça

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