Heavy metal levels in Euthynnus affinis (Cantor 1849) Kawakawa fish marketed at Karachi Fish Harbour, Pakistan and potential risk to human health

Öz

AbstractHeavy metals (Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb) in muscles and liver of Euthynnus affinis (mean length of 61.02 3.618cm and mean weight of 2600 586.647g) from Karachi Fish Harbour of Pakistan during different seasons from October 2010 to September 2011 were determined. The metal concentrations in the muscles of E. affinis were always lower than those in livers within different seasons. Iron was the highest and lead was the lowest in both muscle and liver. The highest Fe and Mn concentrations were 47 12.5 and 10.4 3.2 μg/g dry wt. in muscles during South-west monsoon, respectively. The maximum concentrations of Fe (660 141 μg/g dry wt.), Mn (47.4 12.3 μg/g dry wt.) and Ni (2.8 0.8 μg/g dry wt.) were also recorded in liver during South-west monsoon season. The maximum Pb concentration in muscle and liver of Kawakawa were 0.4958 0.13641 and 1.5950 0.3045 µg metal g-1 dry wt., respectively. In general, it was found that the levels of heavy metals studied were lower than the maximum permissible limit of the food regulations of international standards. These data have provided a useful baseline for future reference.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Keywords: Heavy metal, Euthynnus affinis, Karachi Fish Harbour

Kaynakça

1. Agusa, T., Kunito A., Sudaryanto, T., Monirith S.K., Klap, A., Iwata, H. (2007)
2. Exposure assessment for trace elements from consumption of marine fish in southeast Asia. Environmental Pollution 145: 766-777. Agusa, T., Kunito, T., Yasunaga, G., Iwata H., Subramanian, A., Ismail, A.,Tanabe, S. (2005) Concentrations of trace elements in marine fish and its risk assessment in Malaysia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51: 896-911.
3. Anonymous (2005) Commission Regulation as regards heavy metals. Amending Regulation 466/2001, No: 78/2005.
4. Anonymous (2006) Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006, Official Journal of the European Union 364 : 5-24.
5. Anonymous (2008) Notifications about maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Turkish Food Codex No 2008 / 26, Official Gazette of Republic of Turkey, No: 26879. (in Turkish).
6. Anonymous (2010) Statistics Division, Food Security Statistics, Food
7. Consumption. Rome, Italy. Bat, L., Öztürk, M., Öztürk, M. (1996) Heavy metal amounts in some commercial teleost fish from the Black Sea. O.M.Ü. Faculty of Science-Arts.
8. Journal of Science 7 (1): 117-135. Bat, L. Şahin, F., Üstün, F., Sezgin, M. (2012) Distribution of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in the tissues and organs of Psetta maxima from Sinop coasts of the Black

9. Sea, Turkey. Marine Science 2 (5): 105-109. Burger, J., Gaines, K.F., Shane Boring, C., Stephens, W.L., Snodgrass, J., Dixon, C. (2002) Metal levels in fish from the Savannah river: potential hazards to fish and other receptors. Environmental Research 89: 85-97.
10. Carvalho, M. L., Santiago, S., Nunes, M.L. (2005) Assessment of the essential element and heavy metal content of edible fish muscle. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 382: 426-432.
11. Collette, B.B., Nauen, C.E. (1983) Scombrids of the World. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. No. 125: i-vii, FAO Species Catalogue, 2 : 1-137.
12. Collette, B.B., Carol R., Barbara A. B. (2001) Systematics of the tunas and mackerels (Scombridae). Fish Physiology 19. In: Tuna: Physiology, Ecology, and Evolution (eds., B. A. Block, E. Donald Stevens), Academic Press, pp. 1
13. Collette, B., Chang, S.-K., Fox, W., Juan Jorda, M., Miyabe, N., Nelson, R., Uozumi, Y. (2011) Euthynnus affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened
14. Species. Version 2014.2. http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed 30.09.2014).
15. Connell, D. W. (2005) Basic Concepts of Environmental Chemistry. Second
16. Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, LCC. FAO/WHO (2010) Summary report of the seventy-third meeting of JECFA.
17. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Geneva. Hajeb, P., Jinap, S., Ismail, A., Fatimah, A.B., Jamilah J., Rahim, M.A. (2009)
18. Assessment of mercury level in commonly consumed marine fishes in Malaysia. Food Control 20(1): 79-84. Honda, K., Sahrul, M., Hidaka, H., Tatsukawa, R. (1983) Organ and tissue distribution of heavy metals and their growth-related changes in Antarctic fish,
19. Pagothenia borchgrevinki. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 47: 2521- 25
20. Gutierrez, M., Stablier, R.E., Arias, A.M. (1978). Accumulation and histpatologicos effects of Cd and Hg in the toadfish (Halobatrachus didactylus).
21. Investigaciones Pesqueras 42:141-154. (in Spanish). Ikem, A., Egiebor, N.O. (2005) Assessment of trace elements in canned fishes
22. (mackerel, tuna, salmon, sardines and herrings) marketed in Georgia and Alabama (United States of America). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 18: 771-787. Kotze P.H., Preez, H.H., Van Vuren J.H.J. (1999) Bioaccumulation of copper and zinc in Oreochromis mossambicus and Clarias garicpinus, from the Olifants River, Mpumalanga, South Africa. Water SA 25: 99-110.
23. Linde, A.R., Sanchez-Galan, S., Izquierdo, J. I., Arribas, P., Maranon, E. (1998)
24. Brown trout as biomonitor ofheavy metal pollution: Effect of age on the reliability of the assessment. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 40: 120- Luoma, S.N., Rainbow, P.S. (2008) Metal Contamination in Aquatic
25. Matta, J., Milad, M., Manger, R., Tosteson, T. (1999) Heavy metals, lipid peroxidation, and cigateratoxicity in the liver of the Caribben barracuda
26. (Sphyraena barracuda). Biological Trace Element Research 70: 69-79. Mora, S., Scott, W.F., Eric, W., Sabine, A. (2004) Distribution of heavy metals in marine bivalves, fishand coastal sediments in the gulf and gulf of Oman.
27. Marine Pollution Bulletin 49: 410-424. Naji, A., Ismail, A., Ismail, A.R. (2010) Chemical speciation and contamination assessment of Zn and Cd by sequential estraction in surface sediment of Klang
28. River, Malaysia. Microchemical Journal 95: 285-292. Nord, L.G., Adams, C.D., Wixson, B.G., Loftin, K.A., Huang, Y. (2004) Lead, zinc, copper and cadmium in fish and sediments from the Big River Creek of
29. Missouri’s Old Lead Belt. Envir. Geochem Hlth. 26: 37-49. Puel, D., Zsuerger, N., Breittmayer, J.P. (1987) Statistical assessment of a sampling pattern for evalution of changes in Hg and Zn concentration in Patella caerulea. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 38: 700- 70
30. Ong, M.C., Kamaruzzaman, B.Y. (2009) An assessment of metals (Pb and Cu) contamination in bottom sediment from South China Sea coastal waters,
31. Malaysia. American Journal of Applied Sciences 6 (7): 1418-1423.
32. Oehlenschlager, J. (2002) Identifying heavy metals in fish. In: Safety and Quality Issues in Fish Processing (ed., H. A. Bremmer). Woodhead Publishing
33. Limited and CRC Press LLC, pp. 95-113. Ray, S. (1994) Cadmium In: Analysis of Contaminants in Edible Aquatic
34. Resources (eds., J. W. Kiceniuk and S. Ray). VCH Publishers, Inc, pp. 91-113. Uluozlu, O.D., Tüzen, M., Mendil, D., Soylak, M. (2007) Trace metal content in nine species of fish from the Black and Aegean Seas, Turkey. Food Chemistry 104(2): 835-840.
35. Uluturhan, E., Kucuksezgin, F. (2007) Heavy metal contaminants in red pandora
36. (Pagellus erythrinus) tissues from the Eastern Aegean Sea, Turkey. Water Research 41: 1185-1192.
37. UNEP (1984) Determination of Total Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu in Selected Marine
38. Organisms by Flameless AAS. Reference Methods for Marine Pollution Studies, 11, Rev.1. UNEP (1985) GESAMP: Cadmium, Lead and Tin the Marine Environment.
39. UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies. No.56.