Recently Discovered New Biospheric Pelocontour Function in the Black Sea Reductive Bathyal Zone

Abstract

Abstract Two remarkable scientific events happened recently (Zaitsev, Polikarpov, Egorov et aL., 2007, 2008) in the field of the newly developed deep-sea ecology and molismology of the hydrogen sulphide pelocontour in the Black Sea bathyal zone:

Keywords

• Key words: Biosphere, the Black Sea, pelocontour, hydrogensulphide bathyal zone (HSBZ), oxybionts, anoxybionts, living spores of oxybionts from the land, fresh waters and the sea, radioisotope dating, time of spores survival in the HSBZ.

Kaynakça

1. Andrusov N.I. (1890). Preliminary account of participation in the Black Sea deepwater expedition 1890. Izv. Russk. Geogr. Obshch., 26: 398-409 (in Russian).
2. Bâcescu M.C.. Müller G.I., Gomoiu M.—T. (1971). Cercetari de ecologie bentalâ în
3. Marea Neagrâ — Analiza cantitativa, calitativa şi comparatâ a faunei bentale pontice. Ecologie Marina, 1971, IV. Bucuresti: Edit. Acad. RSR.— 357 p. (in Romanian).
4. Constantinov A.S. (1986). General Hydrobiology. Moscow: Vysshaya schkola, 472 pp. (in Russian).
5. Degens E.T. and Ross D.A. (Eds.)(1964). The Black Sea — Geology, Chemistry, and Biology. Published by The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA: 633 pp.
6. Egorov V. N., Polikarpov G. G., Gulin S. B., Artemov Yu. G., Stokozov N. F., Kostova S. K. (2003). Modern conceptions on'the environment—formation and ecological roles of seep methane gas-releases from the Black Sea bottom. Marine
7. Ecological Journal, 2: 5-26. (in Russian). Gasol 1. M., Pinhassi J., Alonso—Sâez L., Ducklow H., Herndl G. J., Kobliiek M., Labrenz M., Luo Y., Moran X. A. G., Reinthaler T., Simon M.(2008). Towards a better understanding of microbial carbon flux in the sea. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, : 21-38.
8. Groves D.G. and Hunt L.M. (1980). Ocean World Encyclopedia. New York:

9. McGraw-Hill Book Comp. 443 pp. Gulin S. B., Polikarpov G. G., Egorov V. N., Korotkov A. A. (2000).
10. Sevastopol. ECOSEA-GidroŞzika: 499—502 (in Russian). Leonov A.C. (1960). Regional Oceanography. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat: 765 pp. (in Russian).
11. Muromtsev AM. (1978). The Black Sea. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 29: 96-99. (in Russian).
12. Polikarpov G. G., Egorov V. N. (1989). Active gas-releases from the Black Sea bottom has been discovered. Visnyk Acad. Sci. of Ukrainian SSR, 10, Oct. 19: 108. (in Ukrainian).
13. Polikarpov G., G., Egorov V. N., Gulin S. B., Artemov Y. G., Stokozov N. A., Kostova S. K. (2003). Environmental and ecological role of methane gas bubble streams in anoxic depths (1989 —2003). In: Pacem in Maribus. A Year After
14. Johannesburg. Ocean Governance And Sustainable Development: Oceans And Coasts — A Glimps Into The Future, Kiev, Ukraine, 27-30 Oct., 2003: 538-545.
15. Pollikarpov G. G., Lazorenko G. E., Tereshchenko N. N., Timoshchuk V. I., Svetasheva S. V. (1986). Xenobiotic and biogenic properties of aquatic environment in the Black Sea restirative zone for marine algae. Dopovydy Acad. Sci. of
16. Ukraine SSR. Seri. B., 4: C. 76—79. (in Ukrainian). Polikarpov G. G., Lazorenko G. E., Tereshchenko N. N. (2006). Biogenic properties of deep waters from the Black Sea reduction (hydrogen sulphide) zone for marine algae. J. of the Black Seal Mediterranean Environment, 2, 2. P. 129-153.
17. Polikarpov G.G., Zaitsev Yu.P. (1969). Horizons and Strategies of search in Marine
18. Biology. Kiev: Nauk. Dumka: 31 pp. (in Russian). Ross D.A.. Uchupi E., Prada K.E., and MacIlvaine J.C. (1964). Bathymetry and microtopography of Black Sea. P. 1-10. In: The Black Sea — Geology, Chemistry, and Biology. Edited by E.T. Degens and D.A. Ross. Published by The American
19. Association of Petroleum Geologists. Tulsa, Oklahoma. USA: 633 pp. Vernadsky V.I. (1967). The Biosphere. Selected works. Moscow: Mysl, 356 pp. (in Russian).
20. Vernadsky V.I. (1987). Chemical structure of the Earth and their environment.
21. Moscow: “Nauka”, 340 pp. (in Russian). Zaitsev Yu.P. (1961). The nearsurface pelagic biocoenose of the Black Sea. Zool. zhurn., 40, 6: 818—825 (in Russian).
22. Zaitsev Yu.P. (1971). Marine Neustonology. Translated from Russian. Published for the National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
23. Administration, U.S. Dept. of Commerce and the National Science Foundation. Washington D.C., SpringŞeld: 207 pp. Zaitsev Yu.P. (1986). Contourobionts in Ocean Monitoring. Environmental
24. Monitoring and Assessment 7, D. Riedel Publishing Company, Dordrecht. The Neterlands: 31-38. Zaitsev Yu.P., Polikarpov G.G. (1964). Problems of the hyponeuston radioecology.
25. Oceanologia. 4: 423-430. (in Russian). Zaitsev Yu.P., Polikarpov G.G. (2002). Ecological processes in critical zones of the Black Sea (Result synthesis of two research directions, middle XXth — beginning of the XXI centuries). Marine Ecological journal, 1: 33-65. (in Russian).
26. Zaitsev Yu.P., Polikarpov G.G., Egorov V.N., Alexandrov B.G., Garkusha O.P., Kopytina N.I., Kurilov A.V., Nesterova D.A., Nidzvetskaya L.M., Nikonova S.E., Polikarpov I.G., Popovichev V.N., Rusnak EM Stokozov N.A'., Teplinskaya N.G., Teren’ko L.M. (2007) Accumulation of the remnants of oxybiotic organisms and a bank of living spores of higher fungi and diatoms in bottom sediments of the hydrogwn sulphide bathyal zone of the Black Sea. Dopovidi Nat. Acad. Sci. of
27. Ukraine, 7: 159-164 (in Russian). Zaitsev Yu.P., Polikarpov G.G., Egorov V.N., Gulin S.B., Kopytina N.I., Kurilov A.V., Nesterova D.A., Nidzvetskaya L.M., Polikarpov I.G., Stokozov N.A., Teplinskaya N.G., Teren’ko L.M. (2008). Biological diversity of oxybionts (in the form of viable spores) and anaerobes in bottom sediments of the hydrogen sulphide bathyal zone of the Black Sea. Dopovidy Nat. Acad. Sci. of Ukraine, 5: 168-173 (in Russian).
28. Zenkevitch L.A. ( 1963). Biology of the seas of the USSR. New York: Interscience Publ. 955 pp.