BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Mechanisms impeding natural Mediterranization process of Black Sea fauna

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3, 234 - 253, 01.12.2011

Öz

Abstract The inherent low species biodiversity of the Black Sea (roughly one-third of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea) is a sign of ineffective bio-invasion process of Mediterranean species. This phenomenon is explained on the basis of a hypothesis that strong physical gradients and some accompanying physiological limitations along the colonization route of Turkish Straits System (TSS) make Mediterranean pelagic and benthic plankton species and fish larvae vulnerable to long-distance natural expansions. The physical barriers include strong inter-basin temperature and salinity contrasts, two-layer counter-flow and stratification along the TSS, very strong local vertical mixing and hydraulic adjustment processes along the Canakkale and Istanbul Straits. The physiological barriers are related to stresses induced by strong and abrupt temperature, salinity, and oxygen changes that affect the growth, mortality and reproduction characteristics within the two layer water column structure of the TSS. Long-term behavioral, ecological, and evolutionary acclimatization processes in the Marmara Sea environment to overcome these barriers constitute an essential first stage of species expansions to the Black Sea. Among the new physiologically adapted „source‟ populations, only those which manage to arrive at the southwestern Black Sea shelf region may have a chance to acclimatize Black Sea conditions and ultimately establish self-sustaining populations. These physical and physiological stresses are so strong and robust that inter-annual and decadal climate- and eutrophication-induced perturbations can hardly alter this persistent structure. Starting by the second half of the previous century, the TSS has also been serving as an ideal invasion corridor for intentional or non-intentional alien species introductions via intensifying ship traffic.

Kaynakça

  • Acara, A. (1957) Relation between the migration of Sarda sarda Bloch and prevailing temperature, GFCM Technical papers, No 4, FAO.
  • Albayrak, S. (1996) Echinoderm fauna of the Bosphorus, Turkiye. Oebalia 12:25-32.
  • Arvantidis, C. (2000) Polychaete fauna of the Aegean Sea:Inventory and new information. Bulletin of Marine Science, 66:73-96.
  • Bacescu, M. (1977) Echange faunistique entre la Méditerranée et la mer Noire ou du Bosphore. Biologie des eaux saumâtres de la Mer Noire:239-244. Musée national d‟histoire Naturelle, Bucerest.
  • Barnes, D.K.A., Hodgson, D.A., Convey, P., Allen, C.S., Clarke, A. (2006) Incursion and excursion of Atlantic biota: Past, present and future. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 15:121-142.
  • Beaugrand, G, Reid, P.C., Ibanez, F., Lindley, J.A., Edwards, M. (2002) Reorganization of North Atlantic marine copepod biodiversity and climate. Science 296: 1692–1694.
  • Beşiktepe, S.T., Sur, H.I., Özsoy, E., Latif, M.A., Oğuz, T., Ünlüata, U. (1994) The circulation and hidrography of the Marmara Sea. Progress in Oceanography 34: 285–334.
  • Bianchi, C.N. (2007) Biodiversity issues for the forthcoming tropical Mediterranean Sea. Hydrobiologia 580: 7–21.
  • Boltachev, A.R., Yurakhno, V.M. (2002) New evidence of ongoing Mediterranization of the Black Sea ichthyofauna. Journal of Ichthyology, 42(9): 713-719.
  • BSC. (2008) State of the Environment of the Black Sea (2001-2006/7). Oguz T. (ed) The Commission on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution publication, 448 pp.
  • Caspers, H. (1968) La Macrofaune benthique du Bosphore et les problèmes de l‟infiltration des éléments méditerranéens dans la mer Noire. Rapp. Comm.Int. Mer. Medit. 19(2): 107-115.
  • Cervetto, G., Gaudy, R., Pagano, M. (1999) Influence of salinity on the distribution of Acartia tonsa (Copepoda, Calanoida). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 239: 33-45.
  • Çınar, M.E. (2010) Check-List of Polychaetes (Annelida: Polychaeta) In The Sea of Marmara Sea and Turkish Straits. Proceedings of the Symposium The Marmara Sea 25-26 September 2010, Istanbul, pp. 197-216.
  • Çınar, M.E., Bilecenoğlu, M., Öztürk, B., Katağan, T., Yokeş, M.B., Aysel, V., Dağli, E., Açık, S., Özcan, T., Erdoğan, H. (2011) An updated review of alien species on the coast of Turkey. Medit. Mar. Sci. 12(2): 257-316.
  • Demir, M., Acara, A. (1958) Research on the Biology of Mackerel (Scomber scomber): reason for its migration, spawning and distribution. Ciesm Raports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions, 317-326pp.
  • Dingle, H., Drake, V.A. (2007) What is migration? BioScience 57: 113-121.
  • Di Iorio, D., Yuce, H. (1999) Observations of Mediterranean flow into the Black Sea, J. Geophys. Res. 104: 3091– 3108.
  • Francour, P., Boudouresque, C.F., Harmelin, G.F., Vivien-Harmelin, M.L. (1994) Are Mediterranean waters becoming warmer? Information from Biological indicators. Marine Pollution Bulletin 28(9): 523-526.
  • Galil, B.S., Zenetos, A. (2002) A sea of change: exotics in the eastern Mediterranean sea. In: Leppakoski E, Gollasch S, Olenin S. (eds.) Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe: Distribution, Impacts and Management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp 325–336.
  • Gambaiani, D.D., Mayol, P., Isaac, S.J., and Simmonds, M.P. (2009) Potential impacts of climate change and greenhouse gas emissions on Mediterranean marine ecosystems and cetaceans. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89(1): 179–201.
  • Garibaldi, L., Caddy, J.F. (1998) Biogeographic characterization of Mediterranean and Black Sea faunal provinces using GIS procedures. Ocean and Coastal Management, 39: 211-227.
  • Gregg, M.C, Özsoy E. (2002) Flow, water mass changes, and hydraulics in the Bosphorus, J. Geophys. Res. 107(C3), 3016, doi:10.1029 /2000JC000485.
  • İnanmaz, Ö., Bekbölet, M., Kıdeyş, A. (2002) A new scyphozoan species in the Sea of Marmara: Chrysaora hysoscella (Linne, 1766). Second Int. Conf. on oceanography of the eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. Ankara, 2002, 857- 859pp.
  • İşinibilir, M., Kideyş, A.E., Tarkan, A.N., Yılmaz, I.N. (2008) Annual cycle of zooplankton abundance and species composition in Izmit Bay (the northeastern Marmara Sea). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 78: 739–747.
  • Katagan, T., Kocataş, A., Zengin, M., Ateş, S. (2004) An Indo-Pasific Stomotopod from the Sea of Marmara: Erugosquilla massavensis (Kossmann,1880). Crustaceana 77(3): 381-383.
  • Kaya, M., Mater, S., Korkut, A.Y. (1998) A new grey mullet species “Mugil so– iuy Basilewsky” (Teleostei Mugilidae) from the Aegean Coast of Turkey. Tr. J. of Zoology 22: 303–306.
  • Keskin, Ç., Eryılmaz, L. (2010) Fish Fauna of the Sea of Marmara and Demersal Fish Assemblages. Proceedings of The Symposium The Marmara Sea 25-26 September 2010, Istanbul, pp. 289-311.
  • Kovalev, A.V., Besiktepe, S., Zagorodnyaya, J., Kideys A. (1998) Mediterraneanization of the Black Sea zooplankton is continuing. In: Ivanov L, Oguz T (eds.) Ecosystem modeling as a management tool for the Black Sea. NATO ASI Ser 1, Global Environ Change, pp 199–207.
  • Kovalev, A.V., Skryabin, V.A., Zagorodnyaya, Yu A., Bingel, F., Kideys, A.E., Niermann, U., Uysal, Z. (1999) The Black Sea Zooplankton: Composition, Spatial/Temporal Distribution and History of Investigations. Tr. J. of Zoology 23: 195-209.
  • Kovalev, A., Mazzocchi, M., Siokou-Frangou, I., Kıdeys, A. (2001) Zooplankton of the Black Sea and the Eastern Meditterranean: Similiarities and Dissimilarities. Med. Mar. Science 2/1, 69-77.
  • Latif, M.A., Ozsoy, E., Oguz, T., Unluata, U. (1991) Observations of the Mediterranean inflow into the Black Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 38, Suppl. 2: S711– S723.
  • Leppäkoski, E., Olenin, S. (2001) The Meltdown of Biogeographical Peculiarities of the Baltic Sea: The Interaction of Natural and Man-made Processes. Ambio 30(4–5): 202-209.
  • Martinez-Viau, A.K., Martinez, V.M., Goldin, P., Ridoux, V., Öztürk, A.A., Öztürk, B., Rosel, P.E., Frantzis, A., Komnenou, A., Bohonak, A. (2007) Morphological and genetic differentiation of the Black Sea harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 338: 281-294.
  • Mutlu, E., (2005). A comparison of the contribution of zooplankton and nekton taxa to the near-surface acoustic structure of three Turkish seas. Marine Ecology 26: 17–32.
  • Meinesz, A., Cirik, S., Akcali, B., Javel, F., Migliaccio, M., Thibaut, T., Yuksek, A., Procaccini, G. (2009) Posidonia oceanica in the Marmara Sea. Aquabot, 90: 18-22.
  • Nehring, S. (1996) Establishment of thermophilic phytoplankton species in the North Sea: biological indicators of climatic changes? ICES J. Mar. Sci. 55: 818- 823.
  • Occhipinti-Ambrogi, A. (2007) Global change and marine communities: Alien species and climate change. Mar. Pol. Bull. 55: 342–352.
  • Oğuz, T., Sur, H.I. (1989) A two-layer model of water exchange through the Dardanelles Strait. Oceanology Acta 12: 23-31.
  • Oğuz, T., Rozman, L. (1991) Characteristics of the Mediterranean underflow in the southwestern Black Sea continental shelf/slope region. Oceanology Acta 14(5): 433-444
  • Oğuz, T., Ozsoy, E., Latif, M.A., Sur, H.I., Unluata, U. (1990) Modelling of hydraulically controlled exchange flow in the Bosphorus Strait, J. Phys. Oceanogr. 20: 945– 965.
  • Oral, M., Dede, A., Topaloğlu, B. (2008) Water temperature and fish migration relation in the Istanbul Strait (Bosphorus). 2nd Biannual and Black Sea Scene EC project joint conference, Varna, 50pp.
  • Özcan, T., Ateş, A.S., Katağan, T. (2010) Decapod Crsutacean Diversity of the Turkish Straits System and its State in the Fauna of Turkish Sea. Proceedings of the Symposium The Marmara Sea 25-26 September 2010, Istanbul, pp. 246- 252.
  • Özgür, E., Öztürk, B. (2010) Echinoderm Fauna of The Marmara Sea and Istanbul Strait. Proceedings of The Symposium The Marmara Sea 25-26 September 2010, Istanbul, pp. 266-271.
  • Özsoy, E., Di Iorio, D., Gregg, M.C., Backhaus, J.O. (2001) Mixing in the Bosphorus Strait and the Black Sea continental shelf: Observations and a model of the dense water outflow, J. Mar. Syst. 31: 99– 135.
  • Öztürk, B. (2006) Climate Chance an ecological approach for Turkish Seas. Science and Utopia 139: 28-32 (in Turkish).
  • Öztürk, B., Öztürk, A.A. (1996) On the biology of Turkish Straits system. Bulletin de l‟Institut oceanographique, Monaco, No 17, CIESM Science Series (N2), pp205-221.
  • Parmesan, C., Yohe, G. (2003) A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature 421: 37–42.
  • Perry, A.L., Low, P.J., Ellis, J.R., Reynolds, J.D. (2005) Climate change and distribution shifts in marine fishes. Science 308: 1912–1924.
  • Pusanov, I. (1967) On the succesive stages of the Black Sea Mediterranisation. Int. Rev. Ges. Hydrobiol. 52.(2): 219-236 (in German).
  • Rahel, F.J. (2002) Homogenization of freshwater faunas. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 33: 291–315.
  • Ruiz G. M., Carlton J.T., Grosholz E.D., Hines A.H. (1997) Global invasions of marine and estuarine habitats by non-indigenous species: mechanisms, extent, and consequences. Zmer. Zool. 37:621-632.
  • Selifonova, Zh P. (2009) Marine biological invasions in waters of the port of Novorossiysk in the Black Sea. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 35(3): 242– 249.
  • Selifonova, Zh P., Shmeleva, A.A., Kideys, A.E. (2008) Study of Copepod species from the western Black Sea in the cruise R/V Knorr during May-June 2001. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 60(3): 305-309
  • Sezgin, M., Bat, L., Katağan, T., Ateş, S. (2008) Likely effects of global climate change on the Black Sea benthic ecosystem. 2nd biannual and Black Sea Scene project joint conference on climate change in the Black Sea –hypothesis, observations, trends scenarios and mitigation strategy for the ecosystem. 06-11 October 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • Siokou-Frangou, I., Shiganova, T., Christou, E.D., Kamburska, L., Gubanova, A., Konsulov, A., Musaeva, E., Skryabin, V., Khoroshilov, V. (2004) Mesozooplankton communities in the Aegean and Black Sea: a comparative study. Marine Biology 144: 1111–1126.
  • Streftaris, N., Zenetos, A., Papathanassiou, E. (2005) Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across the European seas. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review 43: 419-453.
  • Svetlichny, L., Hubareva, E., Kideys, A.E., İşinibilir, M., Shmeleva, A. (2006) Zooplankton community state in the Northeastern Marmara Sea during early autumn with comments on mass mortality of the Black Sea species due to the salinity gradient J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment 12: 213-231.
  • Tarkan, A.N. (2000) Abundance and Distribution of Zooplankton in coastal area of Gökçeada island (Northern Aegean Sea). Turkish J.Marine Sciences 6(3):201-214.
  • Tarkan, A.N., İşinibilir, M., Tarkan, A.S. (2005) Seasonal variations of the zooplankton composition and abundance in the Istanbul Strait. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 8: 1327–1336.
  • Tuncer, S., Cihangir, H., Bilecenoğlu, M. (2008) First record of the Lessepsian migrant Lagocephalus spadiceus (Tetraodontidae) in the Sea of Marmara, Cybium 32(4): 347-348.
  • Turan, C., Oral, M., Öztürk, B., Düzgüneş, E. (2006) Morphometric and meristic variations between stocks of Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) in the Black, Marmara, Aegean and northeastern Mediterranean Seas. Fisheries Research 79: 139-147.
  • Turan, C., Gürlek, M., Yağlıoğlu, D., Öztürk, B. (2008) Genetic differentation of Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneneus) populations as revealed by mt DNA PCR-RFLP analysis. J. App. Ichthyol. 25:142-147.
  • Turan, C., Yağlıoğlu, D., Öztürk, B., Ergüden, D., Gürlek, M., Turan, F. (2010) Morphometric and Meristic Analysis of Black Sea Shad (Alosa immaculate Bennett, 1835) Populatioms in the Marmara Sea and Black Sea. Proceedings of The Symposium The Marmara Sea 25-26 September 2010, Istanbul, pp. 326- 334.
  • Turan, C., Boero, F., Boltachev, A., Düzgüneş, E., Ilyin, Y.P., Kideyş, A., Micu, D., Milliman, J.D., Minicheva, G., Moschella, P., Oguz, T., Öztürk, B., Pörtner, H.O., Shiganova, T., Shivarov, A., Yakushev, E., Briand, F. (2009) Climate forcing and its impacts on the Black Sea marine biota.ciesm workshop monographs 39:5-24. Trabzon.
  • Ünal, E., Shmeleva, A.A., Zagordnyaya, J., Kideyş, A.E. (2000) Zooplankton structure and copepod species of the Sea of Marmara in spring 1998. In: Öztürk, B., Kadıoğlu, M., Öztürk, H. (eds.), Marmara Sea 2000 Symposium. Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV) Publications 5, Istanbul, pp. 450–460.
  • Ünlüata, U., Oğuz, T., Latif, M.A., Özsoy, E. (1989) On the physical oceanography of Turkish straits. In: The physical oceanography of sea straits, L.J. Pratt. (eds.) NATO ASI Series, Kluwer, The Netherlands.
  • Wynn, R.B., Josey, S.A., Martin, A.P., Johns, D.G., Ye´sou, P. (2007) Climate- driven range expansion of a critically endangered top predator in northeast Atlantic waters. Biol. Lett. 3:529–532.
  • Zaitsev, Y., Mamaev, V. (1997) Marine biological diversity in the Black Sea: a study of change and decline. New York: United Nations Publications.
  • Zaitsev, Y. (2008) An Introduction to the Black Sea Ecology. UNDP-GEF Black Sea Ecosystem Recovery Project. Odessa. p. 225
Yıl 2011, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3, 234 - 253, 01.12.2011

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Acara, A. (1957) Relation between the migration of Sarda sarda Bloch and prevailing temperature, GFCM Technical papers, No 4, FAO.
  • Albayrak, S. (1996) Echinoderm fauna of the Bosphorus, Turkiye. Oebalia 12:25-32.
  • Arvantidis, C. (2000) Polychaete fauna of the Aegean Sea:Inventory and new information. Bulletin of Marine Science, 66:73-96.
  • Bacescu, M. (1977) Echange faunistique entre la Méditerranée et la mer Noire ou du Bosphore. Biologie des eaux saumâtres de la Mer Noire:239-244. Musée national d‟histoire Naturelle, Bucerest.
  • Barnes, D.K.A., Hodgson, D.A., Convey, P., Allen, C.S., Clarke, A. (2006) Incursion and excursion of Atlantic biota: Past, present and future. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 15:121-142.
  • Beaugrand, G, Reid, P.C., Ibanez, F., Lindley, J.A., Edwards, M. (2002) Reorganization of North Atlantic marine copepod biodiversity and climate. Science 296: 1692–1694.
  • Beşiktepe, S.T., Sur, H.I., Özsoy, E., Latif, M.A., Oğuz, T., Ünlüata, U. (1994) The circulation and hidrography of the Marmara Sea. Progress in Oceanography 34: 285–334.
  • Bianchi, C.N. (2007) Biodiversity issues for the forthcoming tropical Mediterranean Sea. Hydrobiologia 580: 7–21.
  • Boltachev, A.R., Yurakhno, V.M. (2002) New evidence of ongoing Mediterranization of the Black Sea ichthyofauna. Journal of Ichthyology, 42(9): 713-719.
  • BSC. (2008) State of the Environment of the Black Sea (2001-2006/7). Oguz T. (ed) The Commission on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution publication, 448 pp.
  • Caspers, H. (1968) La Macrofaune benthique du Bosphore et les problèmes de l‟infiltration des éléments méditerranéens dans la mer Noire. Rapp. Comm.Int. Mer. Medit. 19(2): 107-115.
  • Cervetto, G., Gaudy, R., Pagano, M. (1999) Influence of salinity on the distribution of Acartia tonsa (Copepoda, Calanoida). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 239: 33-45.
  • Çınar, M.E. (2010) Check-List of Polychaetes (Annelida: Polychaeta) In The Sea of Marmara Sea and Turkish Straits. Proceedings of the Symposium The Marmara Sea 25-26 September 2010, Istanbul, pp. 197-216.
  • Çınar, M.E., Bilecenoğlu, M., Öztürk, B., Katağan, T., Yokeş, M.B., Aysel, V., Dağli, E., Açık, S., Özcan, T., Erdoğan, H. (2011) An updated review of alien species on the coast of Turkey. Medit. Mar. Sci. 12(2): 257-316.
  • Demir, M., Acara, A. (1958) Research on the Biology of Mackerel (Scomber scomber): reason for its migration, spawning and distribution. Ciesm Raports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions, 317-326pp.
  • Dingle, H., Drake, V.A. (2007) What is migration? BioScience 57: 113-121.
  • Di Iorio, D., Yuce, H. (1999) Observations of Mediterranean flow into the Black Sea, J. Geophys. Res. 104: 3091– 3108.
  • Francour, P., Boudouresque, C.F., Harmelin, G.F., Vivien-Harmelin, M.L. (1994) Are Mediterranean waters becoming warmer? Information from Biological indicators. Marine Pollution Bulletin 28(9): 523-526.
  • Galil, B.S., Zenetos, A. (2002) A sea of change: exotics in the eastern Mediterranean sea. In: Leppakoski E, Gollasch S, Olenin S. (eds.) Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe: Distribution, Impacts and Management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp 325–336.
  • Gambaiani, D.D., Mayol, P., Isaac, S.J., and Simmonds, M.P. (2009) Potential impacts of climate change and greenhouse gas emissions on Mediterranean marine ecosystems and cetaceans. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89(1): 179–201.
  • Garibaldi, L., Caddy, J.F. (1998) Biogeographic characterization of Mediterranean and Black Sea faunal provinces using GIS procedures. Ocean and Coastal Management, 39: 211-227.
  • Gregg, M.C, Özsoy E. (2002) Flow, water mass changes, and hydraulics in the Bosphorus, J. Geophys. Res. 107(C3), 3016, doi:10.1029 /2000JC000485.
  • İnanmaz, Ö., Bekbölet, M., Kıdeyş, A. (2002) A new scyphozoan species in the Sea of Marmara: Chrysaora hysoscella (Linne, 1766). Second Int. Conf. on oceanography of the eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. Ankara, 2002, 857- 859pp.
  • İşinibilir, M., Kideyş, A.E., Tarkan, A.N., Yılmaz, I.N. (2008) Annual cycle of zooplankton abundance and species composition in Izmit Bay (the northeastern Marmara Sea). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 78: 739–747.
  • Katagan, T., Kocataş, A., Zengin, M., Ateş, S. (2004) An Indo-Pasific Stomotopod from the Sea of Marmara: Erugosquilla massavensis (Kossmann,1880). Crustaceana 77(3): 381-383.
  • Kaya, M., Mater, S., Korkut, A.Y. (1998) A new grey mullet species “Mugil so– iuy Basilewsky” (Teleostei Mugilidae) from the Aegean Coast of Turkey. Tr. J. of Zoology 22: 303–306.
  • Keskin, Ç., Eryılmaz, L. (2010) Fish Fauna of the Sea of Marmara and Demersal Fish Assemblages. Proceedings of The Symposium The Marmara Sea 25-26 September 2010, Istanbul, pp. 289-311.
  • Kovalev, A.V., Besiktepe, S., Zagorodnyaya, J., Kideys A. (1998) Mediterraneanization of the Black Sea zooplankton is continuing. In: Ivanov L, Oguz T (eds.) Ecosystem modeling as a management tool for the Black Sea. NATO ASI Ser 1, Global Environ Change, pp 199–207.
  • Kovalev, A.V., Skryabin, V.A., Zagorodnyaya, Yu A., Bingel, F., Kideys, A.E., Niermann, U., Uysal, Z. (1999) The Black Sea Zooplankton: Composition, Spatial/Temporal Distribution and History of Investigations. Tr. J. of Zoology 23: 195-209.
  • Kovalev, A., Mazzocchi, M., Siokou-Frangou, I., Kıdeys, A. (2001) Zooplankton of the Black Sea and the Eastern Meditterranean: Similiarities and Dissimilarities. Med. Mar. Science 2/1, 69-77.
  • Latif, M.A., Ozsoy, E., Oguz, T., Unluata, U. (1991) Observations of the Mediterranean inflow into the Black Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 38, Suppl. 2: S711– S723.
  • Leppäkoski, E., Olenin, S. (2001) The Meltdown of Biogeographical Peculiarities of the Baltic Sea: The Interaction of Natural and Man-made Processes. Ambio 30(4–5): 202-209.
  • Martinez-Viau, A.K., Martinez, V.M., Goldin, P., Ridoux, V., Öztürk, A.A., Öztürk, B., Rosel, P.E., Frantzis, A., Komnenou, A., Bohonak, A. (2007) Morphological and genetic differentiation of the Black Sea harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 338: 281-294.
  • Mutlu, E., (2005). A comparison of the contribution of zooplankton and nekton taxa to the near-surface acoustic structure of three Turkish seas. Marine Ecology 26: 17–32.
  • Meinesz, A., Cirik, S., Akcali, B., Javel, F., Migliaccio, M., Thibaut, T., Yuksek, A., Procaccini, G. (2009) Posidonia oceanica in the Marmara Sea. Aquabot, 90: 18-22.
  • Nehring, S. (1996) Establishment of thermophilic phytoplankton species in the North Sea: biological indicators of climatic changes? ICES J. Mar. Sci. 55: 818- 823.
  • Occhipinti-Ambrogi, A. (2007) Global change and marine communities: Alien species and climate change. Mar. Pol. Bull. 55: 342–352.
  • Oğuz, T., Sur, H.I. (1989) A two-layer model of water exchange through the Dardanelles Strait. Oceanology Acta 12: 23-31.
  • Oğuz, T., Rozman, L. (1991) Characteristics of the Mediterranean underflow in the southwestern Black Sea continental shelf/slope region. Oceanology Acta 14(5): 433-444
  • Oğuz, T., Ozsoy, E., Latif, M.A., Sur, H.I., Unluata, U. (1990) Modelling of hydraulically controlled exchange flow in the Bosphorus Strait, J. Phys. Oceanogr. 20: 945– 965.
  • Oral, M., Dede, A., Topaloğlu, B. (2008) Water temperature and fish migration relation in the Istanbul Strait (Bosphorus). 2nd Biannual and Black Sea Scene EC project joint conference, Varna, 50pp.
  • Özcan, T., Ateş, A.S., Katağan, T. (2010) Decapod Crsutacean Diversity of the Turkish Straits System and its State in the Fauna of Turkish Sea. Proceedings of the Symposium The Marmara Sea 25-26 September 2010, Istanbul, pp. 246- 252.
  • Özgür, E., Öztürk, B. (2010) Echinoderm Fauna of The Marmara Sea and Istanbul Strait. Proceedings of The Symposium The Marmara Sea 25-26 September 2010, Istanbul, pp. 266-271.
  • Özsoy, E., Di Iorio, D., Gregg, M.C., Backhaus, J.O. (2001) Mixing in the Bosphorus Strait and the Black Sea continental shelf: Observations and a model of the dense water outflow, J. Mar. Syst. 31: 99– 135.
  • Öztürk, B. (2006) Climate Chance an ecological approach for Turkish Seas. Science and Utopia 139: 28-32 (in Turkish).
  • Öztürk, B., Öztürk, A.A. (1996) On the biology of Turkish Straits system. Bulletin de l‟Institut oceanographique, Monaco, No 17, CIESM Science Series (N2), pp205-221.
  • Parmesan, C., Yohe, G. (2003) A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature 421: 37–42.
  • Perry, A.L., Low, P.J., Ellis, J.R., Reynolds, J.D. (2005) Climate change and distribution shifts in marine fishes. Science 308: 1912–1924.
  • Pusanov, I. (1967) On the succesive stages of the Black Sea Mediterranisation. Int. Rev. Ges. Hydrobiol. 52.(2): 219-236 (in German).
  • Rahel, F.J. (2002) Homogenization of freshwater faunas. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 33: 291–315.
  • Ruiz G. M., Carlton J.T., Grosholz E.D., Hines A.H. (1997) Global invasions of marine and estuarine habitats by non-indigenous species: mechanisms, extent, and consequences. Zmer. Zool. 37:621-632.
  • Selifonova, Zh P. (2009) Marine biological invasions in waters of the port of Novorossiysk in the Black Sea. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 35(3): 242– 249.
  • Selifonova, Zh P., Shmeleva, A.A., Kideys, A.E. (2008) Study of Copepod species from the western Black Sea in the cruise R/V Knorr during May-June 2001. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 60(3): 305-309
  • Sezgin, M., Bat, L., Katağan, T., Ateş, S. (2008) Likely effects of global climate change on the Black Sea benthic ecosystem. 2nd biannual and Black Sea Scene project joint conference on climate change in the Black Sea –hypothesis, observations, trends scenarios and mitigation strategy for the ecosystem. 06-11 October 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • Siokou-Frangou, I., Shiganova, T., Christou, E.D., Kamburska, L., Gubanova, A., Konsulov, A., Musaeva, E., Skryabin, V., Khoroshilov, V. (2004) Mesozooplankton communities in the Aegean and Black Sea: a comparative study. Marine Biology 144: 1111–1126.
  • Streftaris, N., Zenetos, A., Papathanassiou, E. (2005) Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across the European seas. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review 43: 419-453.
  • Svetlichny, L., Hubareva, E., Kideys, A.E., İşinibilir, M., Shmeleva, A. (2006) Zooplankton community state in the Northeastern Marmara Sea during early autumn with comments on mass mortality of the Black Sea species due to the salinity gradient J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment 12: 213-231.
  • Tarkan, A.N. (2000) Abundance and Distribution of Zooplankton in coastal area of Gökçeada island (Northern Aegean Sea). Turkish J.Marine Sciences 6(3):201-214.
  • Tarkan, A.N., İşinibilir, M., Tarkan, A.S. (2005) Seasonal variations of the zooplankton composition and abundance in the Istanbul Strait. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 8: 1327–1336.
  • Tuncer, S., Cihangir, H., Bilecenoğlu, M. (2008) First record of the Lessepsian migrant Lagocephalus spadiceus (Tetraodontidae) in the Sea of Marmara, Cybium 32(4): 347-348.
  • Turan, C., Oral, M., Öztürk, B., Düzgüneş, E. (2006) Morphometric and meristic variations between stocks of Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) in the Black, Marmara, Aegean and northeastern Mediterranean Seas. Fisheries Research 79: 139-147.
  • Turan, C., Gürlek, M., Yağlıoğlu, D., Öztürk, B. (2008) Genetic differentation of Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneneus) populations as revealed by mt DNA PCR-RFLP analysis. J. App. Ichthyol. 25:142-147.
  • Turan, C., Yağlıoğlu, D., Öztürk, B., Ergüden, D., Gürlek, M., Turan, F. (2010) Morphometric and Meristic Analysis of Black Sea Shad (Alosa immaculate Bennett, 1835) Populatioms in the Marmara Sea and Black Sea. Proceedings of The Symposium The Marmara Sea 25-26 September 2010, Istanbul, pp. 326- 334.
  • Turan, C., Boero, F., Boltachev, A., Düzgüneş, E., Ilyin, Y.P., Kideyş, A., Micu, D., Milliman, J.D., Minicheva, G., Moschella, P., Oguz, T., Öztürk, B., Pörtner, H.O., Shiganova, T., Shivarov, A., Yakushev, E., Briand, F. (2009) Climate forcing and its impacts on the Black Sea marine biota.ciesm workshop monographs 39:5-24. Trabzon.
  • Ünal, E., Shmeleva, A.A., Zagordnyaya, J., Kideyş, A.E. (2000) Zooplankton structure and copepod species of the Sea of Marmara in spring 1998. In: Öztürk, B., Kadıoğlu, M., Öztürk, H. (eds.), Marmara Sea 2000 Symposium. Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV) Publications 5, Istanbul, pp. 450–460.
  • Ünlüata, U., Oğuz, T., Latif, M.A., Özsoy, E. (1989) On the physical oceanography of Turkish straits. In: The physical oceanography of sea straits, L.J. Pratt. (eds.) NATO ASI Series, Kluwer, The Netherlands.
  • Wynn, R.B., Josey, S.A., Martin, A.P., Johns, D.G., Ye´sou, P. (2007) Climate- driven range expansion of a critically endangered top predator in northeast Atlantic waters. Biol. Lett. 3:529–532.
  • Zaitsev, Y., Mamaev, V. (1997) Marine biological diversity in the Black Sea: a study of change and decline. New York: United Nations Publications.
  • Zaitsev, Y. (2008) An Introduction to the Black Sea Ecology. UNDP-GEF Black Sea Ecosystem Recovery Project. Odessa. p. 225
Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Temel Oğuz and Bayram Öztürk Bu kişi benim

Temel Oğuz Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2011 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Öztürk, T. O. a. B. ., & Oğuz, T. (2011). Mechanisms impeding natural Mediterranization process of Black Sea fauna. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, 17(3), 234-253.
AMA Öztürk TOaB, Oğuz T. Mechanisms impeding natural Mediterranization process of Black Sea fauna. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment. Aralık 2011;17(3):234-253.
Chicago Öztürk, Temel Oğuz and Bayram, ve Temel Oğuz. “Mechanisms Impeding Natural Mediterranization Process of Black Sea Fauna”. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment 17, sy. 3 (Aralık 2011): 234-53.
EndNote Öztürk TOaB, Oğuz T (01 Aralık 2011) Mechanisms impeding natural Mediterranization process of Black Sea fauna. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment 17 3 234–253.
IEEE T. O. a. B. . Öztürk ve T. Oğuz, “Mechanisms impeding natural Mediterranization process of Black Sea fauna”, Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, c. 17, sy. 3, ss. 234–253, 2011.
ISNAD Öztürk, Temel Oğuz and Bayram - Oğuz, Temel. “Mechanisms Impeding Natural Mediterranization Process of Black Sea Fauna”. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment 17/3 (Aralık 2011), 234-253.
JAMA Öztürk TOaB, Oğuz T. Mechanisms impeding natural Mediterranization process of Black Sea fauna. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment. 2011;17:234–253.
MLA Öztürk, Temel Oğuz and Bayram ve Temel Oğuz. “Mechanisms Impeding Natural Mediterranization Process of Black Sea Fauna”. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, c. 17, sy. 3, 2011, ss. 234-53.
Vancouver Öztürk TOaB, Oğuz T. Mechanisms impeding natural Mediterranization process of Black Sea fauna. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment. 2011;17(3):234-53.