A multi-centric prospective study: Anxiety and associated factors among parents of children undergoing mild surgery in ENT

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study to evaluate the anxiety and expectancy among parents of children undergoing surgery in the multi-centric surgery units. Methods: Following approval from the ethics committee, a questionnaire was given to the parents of 123 children who were undergoing surgery in the multi-centric surgery units. The parents were informed that their answers would not affect the care given to their children. The questionnaire was evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I and STAI-II). Results: The STAI results indicated that the parents\' anxiety level increased before their children underwent surgery. In addition, there was a negative correlation between STAI-II scores and high levels of wealth (p= 0.004). Also, those with steady employment and higher levels of education had lower anxiety levels and difference was significant (p=0.001). The state anxiety levels were unaffected by family income and education, but the trait anxiety levels decreased with increasing income and education. Mothers were less anxious if their child had undergone surgery in the past, while this result was not significant statistically (p>0.05). Parents were most commonly concerned with possible complications from the surgery and/or anesthesia. Conclusion: Results of our study indicate that parents of children undergoing surgery that have steady employment, to be informed, previously has been administered anesthesia or surgery, high level of wealth and education was observed less anxiety than others. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5 (2): 206-210

Keywords

• Anxiety, pediatric surgery, STAI

A multi-centric prospective study: Anxiety and associated factors among parents of children undergoing mild surgery in ENT

Öz

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı çok merkezli cerrahi ünitelerde opera olan çocukların ebeveynlerinin beklenti ve anksietelerini değerlendirmektir. Yöntemler: Etik kurul kararı alındıktan sonra çok merkezli cerrahi ünitelerde opera olan 123 çocuğun ebeveynlerine soru içeren anket formu verildi. Ebeveynlere verecekleri cevapların çocuğun bakımını etkilemeyeceği bildirildi. Anketler STAI-I VE STAI-II ölçekleri kullanılarak yapıldı. Bulgular: STAI sonuçları cerrahi geçiren ebeveynlerin anksiete altında olduklarını gösterdi. Ayrıca STAI –II skorları ile maddi zenginlik arasında negative ilişki bulundu(p= 0.004). Yine düzenli iş sahibi olma, eğitim düzeyinin yüksek olması anksiyeteyi düşüren önemli farklılıklar olup bu fark istatistiki olarak önemli idi(p=0.001). Ekonomi, eğitim düzeyi durum kaygı düzeylerini etkilemezken; sürekli kaygı düzeyi ekonomik durumun iyi olması, bilgilendirme ve eğitim ile azalır. Daha önceden çocukları cerrahi geçiren daha az anksiteli skorlarına sahip olmalarına rağmen bu sonuç istatistiki olarak önemli değildi(p>0.05). Ebeveynler sıklıkla cerrahi veya anestezi ile ilgili muhtemel komplikasyonlardan endişeli idiler. Sonuç: Bu çalışma bize çocuğu daha önce opere veya anestezi alanlar, bilgilendirmiş olma, iyi ekonomik düzey ve yüksek eğitim düzeyi diğer faktörlere göre anksiyeteyi azalttığını gösterdi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anksiete, çocuk cerrahisi, Anksiete Durum ölçeği

Kaynakça

1. Markland D and Lew H. Anxiety relaxation and an- aesthesia for day- case surgery. Br J Clin Psychol 1993;32:493-504.
2. Yager J, Giltlin M. “Clinical manifestations of psychiatric disorders”, Kaplan, HI& Sadock, BJ (Eds.), Compre- hensive textbook of psychiatry 1995;637-639.
3. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene R, et al. Man- ual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA:Consulting psychologists Press, Inc. 1983.
4. Thompson, ML. Information-seeking coping and anxi- ety in school-age children anticipating surgery. Child Health Care 1994;23:87-97.
5. Wollin SR, Plummer JL, Owen H, et al. Anxiety in children having elective surgery. J Pediatr Nurs 2004;19:128-132.
6. Kain ZN, Caldwell AA, and Wang SM. Psychological preparation of the parent and pediatric surgical pa- tient. Anesthesiol Clin North Am 2002;20:29-44.
7. Spielberger, CD. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety In- ventory for Children, Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, 1973.
8. Haugen AS, Eide GE, Olsen MV, et al. Anxiety in the operating theatre: a study of frequency and environ- mental impact in patients having local, plexus or re- gional anaesthesia. J Clin Nurs 2009;18:2301-2310.

9. Domar AD, Everett LL, and Keller MG. Preopera- tive anxiety: Is it a predictable entity?. Anesth Analg 1989;69:763-767.
10. Moerman N, Van Dam FS, Muller MJ, and Oosting H. The Amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information scale (APAIS). Anesth Analg 1996;82:445-451.
11. Badner NH, Nielson WR, Munk S, et al. Preoperative anxiety: Detection and contributing factors. Can J An- aesth 1990;37:444-447.
12. Caumo W, Schmidt AP, Schneider CN, et al. Risk fac- tors for preoperative anxiety in adults. Acta Anaesthe- siol Scand 2001;45:298-307.
13. Shevde K, and Panagopoulos G. A survey of 800 pa- tients’ knowledge, attitudes, and concerns regarding anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1991;73:190-198.
14. Franck LS, Spencer C. Informing parents about an- aesthesia for children’s surgery: a critical literature re- view. Patient Educ Couns 2005;59:117-125.
15. Augsornwan D, Pattangtanang P, Pikhunthod K, Sur- akunprapha P. Nursing outcome in patients with cra- niofacial anomalies who underwent operation. J Med Assoc Thai 2012;95:11:62-66.
16. Martin SR, Chorney JM, Cohen LL, and Kain ZN. Se- quential Analysis of Mothers’and Fathers’Reassurance and Children’s Postoperative Distress. Journal of Pe- diatric Psychology 2013;38:1121-1129
17. Bray L, Callery P and Kirk S. A qualitative study of the pre-operative preparation of children, young people and their parents’ for planned continence surgery: ex- periences and expectations. Journal of Clinical Nurs- ing 2012;21:1964-1973.
18. Ramsay, MA. A survey of pre-operative fear. Anaes- thesia 1972;27:396-402.
19. Thompson N, Irwin MG, Gunawardene WM, and Chan L. Pre-operative parental anxiety. Anaesthesia 1996;51:1008-1012.