Magnesium: Effect on ocular health as a calcium channel antagonist

Öz

Magnesium is the physiologic calcium channel blocker, involving in many different metabolic processes by main­taining cell membrane function, modulating smooth mus­cle contraction and influencing enzymatic activities. Mag­nesium has been shown to increase blood flow to tissues by modifying endothelial function via endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric Oxide (NO) pathways. Magnesium also exhib­its neuroprotective role by blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor related calcium influx and by inhibiting the release of glutamate, hence protects the cell against oxidative stress and apoptosis. Both increase in blood flow and its neuroprotective effect make magnesium a good candidate for glaucoma studies. Magnesium has been shown to decrease oxidative stress and apoptosis in retinal tissue and to have retinal ganglion cell spar­ing effect. A series of studies has been conducted about magnesium could decrease insulin resistance in diabetic patients, ease glycemia control and prevent diabetic reti­nopathy. Magnesium is found to be critically important in maintaining normal ionic homeostasis of lens. Magnesium deficiency has been shown to cause increased lenticular oxidative stress and ionic imbalance in the lens so trigger cataractogenesis. J Clin Exp Invest 2013; 4 (2): 244-251

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Magnesium, calcium channel blockage, glaucoma, neuroprotection, diabetic retinopathy, cataract

Magnezyum: Kalsiyum kanal antagonisti olarak göz sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri

Öz

Magnezyum hücre zar fonksiyonlarını, düz kas kontrak­siyonlarını ve enzimatik reaksiyonları etkileyerek pek çok metabolik sürece katılan fizyolojik bir kalsiyum kanal blokörüdür. Magnezyumun Endothelin-1 (ET-1) ve Nitrik Oksit (NO) yolakları vasıtasıyla endotel fonksiyonları­nı modifiye ederek dokulara kan akımında artışa neden olduğu gösterilmiştir. Magnezyum aynı zamanda N-me­til-D-aspartat (NMDA) reseptör ilişkili kalsiyum içe akımı­nı bloke ederek ve glutamat serbestleşmesini önleyerek nöroprotektif rol oynamakta ve hücreleri oksidatif stres ve apoptoza karşı korumaktadır. Hem kan akımında artışa neden olması hem de nöroprotektif etkileri magnezyumu glokom çalışmaları için iyi bir hedef molekül yapmaktadır. Magnezyumun retinada oksidatif stresi ve apoptozu azalt­tığı ve ganglion koruyucu etkileri olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bir takım çalışmalarda aynı zamanda magnezyumun diabe­tik hastalarda insulin resistansını azalttığı, glisemik kont­rolü kolaylaştırdığı ve retinopatiyi önlediği gösterilmiştir. Magnezyumun lensteki iyon dengesinin sağlanmasında kritik önemi belirlenmiştir. Magnezyum eksikliğinin lenti­küler oksidatif stresi arttırdığı ve iyon dengesini bozarak katarakt oluşumuna neden olduğu gösterilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Magnezyum, kalsiyum kanal blokajı, glokom, nöroproteksiyon, diabetik retinopati, katarakt

Kaynakça

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