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Giant cell tumor of bone: current review of morphological, clinical, radiological, and therapeutic characteristics

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 475 - 485, 01.09.2014
https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2014.03.0445

Öz

Giant cell tumor of bone accounts for about 5% of all primary bone tumors in adults and is still one of the most obscure and intensively examined tumors of bone. This largely results from the lack of uniform clinical, radiographic, histological or morphological aspects that allow prediction of recurrence. Classified by the World Health Organization as “an aggressive, potentially malignant lesion”, the giant cell tumor of bone could give lung metastases, could undergo malignant degeneration or could have multicentric localization. It usually develops in long bones but can also occur in unusual locations. The common presenting symptom is increasing pain at the tumor site. Standard treatment ranges from curettage to wide resection, with reports of varying oncological and functional results. The recurrence rate is high during the first 2-3 years after surgery regardless of pre-operative tumor stage. Herein, we discuss the morphological, clinical, radiological, and therapeutic characteristics of this pathologic entity as well as its differential diagnosis. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5 (3): 475-485

Kaynakça

  • Wülling M, Engels C, Jesse N, et al. The nature of giant cell tumor of bone. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2001;127:467-474.
  • Balke M, Schremper L, Gebert C, et al. Giant cell tumor of bone: treatment and outcome of 214 cases. J Can- cer Res Clin Oncol 2008;134:969-978.
  • Goto T, Kawano H, Akiyama T, et al. Serum acid phosphatase can be a useful tumour marker for gi- ant cell tumour of bone. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2009;129:1641-1644.
  • Roeder F, Timke C, Zwicker F, et al. Intensity modula- ted radiotherapy (IMRT) in benign giant cell tumors-a single institution case series and a short review of the literature. Radiat Oncol 2010;5:18.
  • Stewart MJ. The histogenesis of myeloid sarcoma. The Lancet 1922;200:1106-1109.
  • Danilov AI. Juxta-epiphyseal osteoblastoclastomas in children. Ortop Travmatol Protez 1973;34:27-30.
  • Murphey MD, Nomikos GC, Flemming DJ, et al. Ima- ging of giant cell tumor and giant cell reparative gra- nuloma of bone: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Ra- diographics 2001;21:1283-1309.
  • Szendröi M. Giant-cell tumour of bone. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2004;86:5-12.
  • Miller IJ, Blank A, Yin SM, et al. A case of recurrent giant cell tumor of bone with malignant transformati- on and benign pulmonary metastases. Diagn Pathol 2010;5:62.
  • Campanacci M, Baldini N, Boriani S, Sudanese A. Giant-cell tumor of bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1987;69:106-114.
  • Schajowicz F. Giant-cell tumors of bone (osteoclasto- ma). A pathological and histochemical study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1961;43:1-29.
  • Kim Y, Nizami S, Goto H, Lee FY. Modern interp- retation of giant cell tumor of bone: predominantly osteoclastogenic stromal tumor. Clin Orthop Surg 2012;4:107-116.
  • Georgiev GP, Landzhov B, Slavchev S, et al. Localiza- tion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in giant cell tumor of bone. Compt rend Acad bulg Sci 2012;65:1285-1288.
  • Cowan RW, Singh G. Giant cell tumor of bone: a basic science perspective. Bone 2013;52:238-246.
  • Clohisy DR, Vorlicky L, Oegema TR Jr, et al. Histo- chemical and immunohistochemical characterization of cells constituting the giant cell tumor of bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1993;287:259-265.
  • Lindeman JH, Hanemaaijer R, Mulder A, et al. Cat- hepsin K is the principal protease in giant cell tumor of bone. Am J Pathol 2004;165:593-600.
  • Khurana JS, McCarthy EF. Giant cell lesions. In: Khu- rana, McCarthy EF, Zhang PJ, editors. Essentials in Bone and Soft-Tissue Pathology. 1st ed. New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London: Springer; 2010. pp. 134-137.
  • Georgiev GP, Georgiev H, Landzhov B. Ultrastructural study of giant cell tumor of bone. Rp./Orthop. Rheu- matol 2012;2-3:13-15.
  • Georgiev GP, Landzhov B, Slavchev S, et al. Compa- rative electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study of stromal cells in giant cell tumor of bone. Sc- ripta Scientifica Medica 2013; 1 suppl 45:19-22.
  • Zheng MH, Robbins P, Xu J, et al. The histogenesis of giant cell tumour of bone: a model of interaction between neoplastic cells and osteoclasts. Histol His- topathol 2001;16:297-307.
  • Miyamoto N, Higuchi Y, Tajima M, et al. Spindle-sha- ped cells derived from giant-cell tumor of bone sup- port differentiation of blood monocytes to osteoclast-li- ke cells. J Orthop Res 2000;18:647-654.
  • Kumta SM, Huang L, Cheng YY, et al. Expression of VEGF and MMP-9 in giant cell tumor of bone and ot- her osteolytic lesions. Life Sci 2003;73:1427-1436.
  • Rabinovich A, Mak IW, Cowan RW, et al. Matrix me- talloproteinase activity in the stromal cell of giant cell tumor of bone. Open Bone J 2009;1:46-52.
  • Kito M, Moriya H, Mikata A, et al. Establishment of a cell line from a human giant cell tumor of bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1993;294:353-360.
  • Lausten GS, Jensen PK, Schiİdt T, Lund B. Local recurrences in giant cell tumour of bone. Long-term follow up of 31 cases. Int Orthop 1996;20:172-176.
  • Masui F, Ushigome S, Fujii K. Giant cell tumor of bone: a clinicopathologic study of prognostic factors. Pathol Int. 1998;48:723-729.
  • Turcotte RE, Wunder JS, Isler MH, et al. Giant cell tu- mor of long bone: a Canadian Sarcoma Group study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2002;397:248-258.
  • Bacchini P, Bertoni F. Giant cell tumor of bone. In: Folpe AL, Inwards CY, editors Bone and soft tissue pathology. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Scien- ces; 2010. pp. 401-407.
  • McInerney DP, Middlemiss JH. Giant cell tumor of bone. Skeletal Radiol 1978;2:195-204.
  • Kransdorf MJ, Sweet DE, Buetow PC, et al. Giant cell tumor in skeletally immature patients. Radiology 1992;184:233-237.
  • Larsson SE, Lorentzon R, Boquist L. Giant-cell tumor of bone. A demographic, clinical, and histopathologi- cal study of all cases recorded in the Swedish Cancer Registry for the years 1958 through 1968. J Bone Jo- int Surg Am 1975;57:167-173.
  • Eckardt J, Grogan T. Giant cell tumor of bone. Clin Orthop 1986;204:45-58.
  • Manaster BJ, Doyle AJ. Giant cell tumors of bone. Radiol Clin North Am 1993;31:299-323.
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Kemiğin dev hücreli tümörü: Morfolojik, klinik, radyolojik ve tedavi özelliklerinin gözden geçirilmesi

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 475 - 485, 01.09.2014
https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2014.03.0445

Öz

Kemiğin dev hücreli tümörü erişkinlerdeki tüm primer kemik tümörlerinin %5\'ini oluşturur ve kemik tümörlerinin en güç ve yoğun araştırılanıdır. Bu durum büyük ölçüde tekrarları öngörmeye izin veren tek tip klinik, radyografik, histolojik ve morfolojik özelliklerinin olmayışı nedeniyledir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından agresif potansiyeli olan malign bir lezyon olarak sınıflandırılan kemiğin dev hücreli tümörü akciğere metastaz yapar ve malign dejenerasyon veya çok merkezli lokalizasyon gösterir. Tümör genellikle uzun kemiklerde oluşur, ancak alışılmadık lokalizasyonlarda da olabilir. Yaygın semptomu tümör bölgesindeki artan ağrıdır. Standart tedavi küretajdan geniş rezeksiyona kadar değişir ve değişik onkolojik ve fonksiyonel sonuçlar doğurur. Tümör evresine bakılmaksızın, cerrahiyi takip eden ilk 2-3 yılda tekrarlama riski yüksektir. Bu yazıda bu patolojik teşekkülün morfolojik, klinik, radyolojik ve tedavi özellikleri ile ayırıcı tanısı tartışılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Wülling M, Engels C, Jesse N, et al. The nature of giant cell tumor of bone. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2001;127:467-474.
  • Balke M, Schremper L, Gebert C, et al. Giant cell tumor of bone: treatment and outcome of 214 cases. J Can- cer Res Clin Oncol 2008;134:969-978.
  • Goto T, Kawano H, Akiyama T, et al. Serum acid phosphatase can be a useful tumour marker for gi- ant cell tumour of bone. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2009;129:1641-1644.
  • Roeder F, Timke C, Zwicker F, et al. Intensity modula- ted radiotherapy (IMRT) in benign giant cell tumors-a single institution case series and a short review of the literature. Radiat Oncol 2010;5:18.
  • Stewart MJ. The histogenesis of myeloid sarcoma. The Lancet 1922;200:1106-1109.
  • Danilov AI. Juxta-epiphyseal osteoblastoclastomas in children. Ortop Travmatol Protez 1973;34:27-30.
  • Murphey MD, Nomikos GC, Flemming DJ, et al. Ima- ging of giant cell tumor and giant cell reparative gra- nuloma of bone: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Ra- diographics 2001;21:1283-1309.
  • Szendröi M. Giant-cell tumour of bone. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2004;86:5-12.
  • Miller IJ, Blank A, Yin SM, et al. A case of recurrent giant cell tumor of bone with malignant transformati- on and benign pulmonary metastases. Diagn Pathol 2010;5:62.
  • Campanacci M, Baldini N, Boriani S, Sudanese A. Giant-cell tumor of bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1987;69:106-114.
  • Schajowicz F. Giant-cell tumors of bone (osteoclasto- ma). A pathological and histochemical study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1961;43:1-29.
  • Kim Y, Nizami S, Goto H, Lee FY. Modern interp- retation of giant cell tumor of bone: predominantly osteoclastogenic stromal tumor. Clin Orthop Surg 2012;4:107-116.
  • Georgiev GP, Landzhov B, Slavchev S, et al. Localiza- tion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in giant cell tumor of bone. Compt rend Acad bulg Sci 2012;65:1285-1288.
  • Cowan RW, Singh G. Giant cell tumor of bone: a basic science perspective. Bone 2013;52:238-246.
  • Clohisy DR, Vorlicky L, Oegema TR Jr, et al. Histo- chemical and immunohistochemical characterization of cells constituting the giant cell tumor of bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1993;287:259-265.
  • Lindeman JH, Hanemaaijer R, Mulder A, et al. Cat- hepsin K is the principal protease in giant cell tumor of bone. Am J Pathol 2004;165:593-600.
  • Khurana JS, McCarthy EF. Giant cell lesions. In: Khu- rana, McCarthy EF, Zhang PJ, editors. Essentials in Bone and Soft-Tissue Pathology. 1st ed. New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London: Springer; 2010. pp. 134-137.
  • Georgiev GP, Georgiev H, Landzhov B. Ultrastructural study of giant cell tumor of bone. Rp./Orthop. Rheu- matol 2012;2-3:13-15.
  • Georgiev GP, Landzhov B, Slavchev S, et al. Compa- rative electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study of stromal cells in giant cell tumor of bone. Sc- ripta Scientifica Medica 2013; 1 suppl 45:19-22.
  • Zheng MH, Robbins P, Xu J, et al. The histogenesis of giant cell tumour of bone: a model of interaction between neoplastic cells and osteoclasts. Histol His- topathol 2001;16:297-307.
  • Miyamoto N, Higuchi Y, Tajima M, et al. Spindle-sha- ped cells derived from giant-cell tumor of bone sup- port differentiation of blood monocytes to osteoclast-li- ke cells. J Orthop Res 2000;18:647-654.
  • Kumta SM, Huang L, Cheng YY, et al. Expression of VEGF and MMP-9 in giant cell tumor of bone and ot- her osteolytic lesions. Life Sci 2003;73:1427-1436.
  • Rabinovich A, Mak IW, Cowan RW, et al. Matrix me- talloproteinase activity in the stromal cell of giant cell tumor of bone. Open Bone J 2009;1:46-52.
  • Kito M, Moriya H, Mikata A, et al. Establishment of a cell line from a human giant cell tumor of bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1993;294:353-360.
  • Lausten GS, Jensen PK, Schiİdt T, Lund B. Local recurrences in giant cell tumour of bone. Long-term follow up of 31 cases. Int Orthop 1996;20:172-176.
  • Masui F, Ushigome S, Fujii K. Giant cell tumor of bone: a clinicopathologic study of prognostic factors. Pathol Int. 1998;48:723-729.
  • Turcotte RE, Wunder JS, Isler MH, et al. Giant cell tu- mor of long bone: a Canadian Sarcoma Group study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2002;397:248-258.
  • Bacchini P, Bertoni F. Giant cell tumor of bone. In: Folpe AL, Inwards CY, editors Bone and soft tissue pathology. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Scien- ces; 2010. pp. 401-407.
  • McInerney DP, Middlemiss JH. Giant cell tumor of bone. Skeletal Radiol 1978;2:195-204.
  • Kransdorf MJ, Sweet DE, Buetow PC, et al. Giant cell tumor in skeletally immature patients. Radiology 1992;184:233-237.
  • Larsson SE, Lorentzon R, Boquist L. Giant-cell tumor of bone. A demographic, clinical, and histopathologi- cal study of all cases recorded in the Swedish Cancer Registry for the years 1958 through 1968. J Bone Jo- int Surg Am 1975;57:167-173.
  • Eckardt J, Grogan T. Giant cell tumor of bone. Clin Orthop 1986;204:45-58.
  • Manaster BJ, Doyle AJ. Giant cell tumors of bone. Radiol Clin North Am 1993;31:299-323.
  • Kumar R, Guinto FC, Madewell JE, et al. Expan- sile bone lesions of the vertebra. Radiographics 1988;8:749-769.
  • Murari TM, Callaghan JJ, Berrey BJ, Sweet DE. Pri- mary benign and malignant osseous neoplasms of the foot. Foot Ankle 1989;10:68-80.
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  • O’Donnell RJ, Springfield DS, Motwani HK, et al. Re- currence of giant-cell tumors of the long bones after curettage and packing with cement. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1994;76:1827-1833.
  • Blackley HR, Wunder JS, Davis AM, et al. Treatment of giant-cell tumors of long bones with curettage and bone-grafting. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999;81:811- 820.
  • Malek F, Krueger P, Hatmi ZN, et al. Local control of long bone giant cell tumour using curettage, burring and bone grafting without adjuvant therapy. Int Orthop 2006;30:495-498.
  • Malawer MM, Bickels J, Meller I, et al. Cryosurgery in the treatment of giant cell tumor. A long-term followup study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1999;359:176-188.
  • Becker WT, Dohle J, Bernd L, et al. Local recurrence of giant cell tumor of bone after intralesional treatment with and without adjuvant therapy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008;90:1060-1067.
  • Van der Heijden L, Dijkstra PD, Campanacci DA, et al. Giant Cell tumor with pathologic fracture: should we curette or resect? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2013;471:820-829.
  • Richardson MJ, Dickinson IC. Giant cell tumour of bone. Bull Hosp Jt Dis 1998;57:6-10.
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  • Van der Heijden L, van de Sande MA, Dijkstra PD. Soft tissue extension increases the risk of local recur- rence after curettage with adjuvants for giant-cell tu- mor of the long bones. Acta Orthop 2012;83:401-405.
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  • Ben Amor H, Zouari M, Karray S, et al. Giant cell tu- mors of the distal end of the radius treated by resecti- on-arthrodesis. Acta Orthop Belg 1998;64:41-46.
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  • Kostenuik PJ, Nguyen HQ, McCabe J, et al. Deno- sumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody to RANKL, inhibits bone resorption and increases BMD in kno- ck-in mice that express chimeric (murine/human) RANKL. J Bone Miner Res 2009;24:182-195.
  • Thomas D, Henshaw R, Skubitz K, et al. Denosumab in patients with giant-cell tumour of bone: an open-la- bel, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 2010;11:275-280.
  • Thomas DM. RANKL, denosumab, and giant cell tu- mor of bone. Curr Opin Oncol 2012;24:397-403.
  • Branstetter DG, Nelson SD, Manivel JC, et al. Deno- sumab induces tumor reduction and bone formation in patients with giant-cell tumor of bone. Clin Cancer Res 2012;18:4415-4424.
Toplam 112 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Georgi Petrov Georgiev Bu kişi benim

Svetoslav Slavchev Bu kişi benim

Iva Dimitrova Bu kişi benim

Boycho Landzhov Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Eylül 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Georgiev, G. P., Slavchev, S., Dimitrova, I., Landzhov, B. (2014). Kemiğin dev hücreli tümörü: Morfolojik, klinik, radyolojik ve tedavi özelliklerinin gözden geçirilmesi. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations, 5(3), 475-485. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2014.03.0445
AMA Georgiev GP, Slavchev S, Dimitrova I, Landzhov B. Kemiğin dev hücreli tümörü: Morfolojik, klinik, radyolojik ve tedavi özelliklerinin gözden geçirilmesi. J Clin Exp Invest. Eylül 2014;5(3):475-485. doi:10.5799/ahinjs.01.2014.03.0445
Chicago Georgiev, Georgi Petrov, Svetoslav Slavchev, Iva Dimitrova, ve Boycho Landzhov. “Kemiğin Dev hücreli tümörü: Morfolojik, Klinik, Radyolojik Ve Tedavi özelliklerinin gözden geçirilmesi”. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations 5, sy. 3 (Eylül 2014): 475-85. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2014.03.0445.
EndNote Georgiev GP, Slavchev S, Dimitrova I, Landzhov B (01 Eylül 2014) Kemiğin dev hücreli tümörü: Morfolojik, klinik, radyolojik ve tedavi özelliklerinin gözden geçirilmesi. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations 5 3 475–485.
IEEE G. P. Georgiev, S. Slavchev, I. Dimitrova, ve B. Landzhov, “Kemiğin dev hücreli tümörü: Morfolojik, klinik, radyolojik ve tedavi özelliklerinin gözden geçirilmesi”, J Clin Exp Invest, c. 5, sy. 3, ss. 475–485, 2014, doi: 10.5799/ahinjs.01.2014.03.0445.
ISNAD Georgiev, Georgi Petrov vd. “Kemiğin Dev hücreli tümörü: Morfolojik, Klinik, Radyolojik Ve Tedavi özelliklerinin gözden geçirilmesi”. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations 5/3 (Eylül 2014), 475-485. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2014.03.0445.
JAMA Georgiev GP, Slavchev S, Dimitrova I, Landzhov B. Kemiğin dev hücreli tümörü: Morfolojik, klinik, radyolojik ve tedavi özelliklerinin gözden geçirilmesi. J Clin Exp Invest. 2014;5:475–485.
MLA Georgiev, Georgi Petrov vd. “Kemiğin Dev hücreli tümörü: Morfolojik, Klinik, Radyolojik Ve Tedavi özelliklerinin gözden geçirilmesi”. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations, c. 5, sy. 3, 2014, ss. 475-8, doi:10.5799/ahinjs.01.2014.03.0445.
Vancouver Georgiev GP, Slavchev S, Dimitrova I, Landzhov B. Kemiğin dev hücreli tümörü: Morfolojik, klinik, radyolojik ve tedavi özelliklerinin gözden geçirilmesi. J Clin Exp Invest. 2014;5(3):475-8.