Öz
Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of Propofol 1%, Propofol 2%, Ketamine, Pentothal, Etomidate and Etomidate-lipuro on venous endothelium. Materials and methods: The study was done from August 2007 to May 2008 after approval of Faculty\'s Ethic Committee. Forty rabbits were obtained. Propofol 1% (n=6), Propofol 2% (n=6), Ketamin (n=6), Penthotal (n=6), Etomidate (n=6), Etomidate lipuro (n=6) and normal saline (Control Group, n=4) was given 1 cc via external jugular vein. After 5 minutes from the injenction 6 species 2 mm in length segments were taken from the injencted veins. Species were fixed in 4˚C gluteraldehyde than postfixed in 4°C osmium tetroxide. Visualisation was performed with scanning electron microscope. Results: In Propofol 1 %, Propofol 2% and Penthotal groups normal endothelial structures were observed. In Etomidate group damage of the endothelial cells were observed significantly compared with control. In Etomidate lipuro group minimal deformation was observed compared to control. Conclusion: Etomidat causes significant endothelial deformation, moreover lipuro minimalises these effects. In order to need to use etomidate for general anesthesia, for less pain during injection depending on vascular injury lipuro form would be more appropriate. However, further study is required. J Clin Exp Invest 2011; 3(2): 164-167
Anahtar Kelimeler
Propofol ketamine etomidate pentothal etomidate lipuro vascular damage
Kaynakça
- Hästbacka J, Tammisto T, Elfving G, Tiitinen P. Infusion thrombophlebitis. A clinical study based upon 1048 cases. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1966;10(1):9-30.
- Hewitt JC, Hamilton RC, O’Donnell JF, Dundee JW. Clinical studies of induction agents. XIV: A comparative study of venous complications following thiopentone, methohexitone and propanidid. Br J Anaesth 1966;38(2):115-8.
- Zacharias M, Clarke RS, Dundee JW, Johnston SB. Evaluation of three preparations of etomidate. Br J Anaesth 1978;50(9):925-9.
- Korttila K, Tammisto T, Aromaa U. Comparison of etomidate in combination with fentanyl or diazepam, with thiopentone as an induction agent for general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1979;51(12):1151-7.
- Mikkelsen H, Hoel TM, Bryne H, Krohn CD. Local reactions after i.v. injections of diazepam, flunitrazepam and isotonic saline. Br J Anaesth 1980;52(8):817-9.
- Schou Olesen A, Hüttel MS. Local reactions to i.v. diazepam in three different formulations. Br J Anaesth 1980;52(6):609-11.
- Orttila K, Aromaa U. Venous complications after intravenous injection of diazepam, flunitrazepam, thiopentone and etomidate. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1980;24(3):227-30.
- Acharias M, Clarke RS, Dundee JW, Johnston SB. Venous sequelae following etomidate. Br J Anaesth 1979;51(8):779-83.
Öz
Amaç: Çalışmamızda, genel anestezide kullanılan %1 Propofol, %2 Propofol, Ketamin, Pentotal, Etomidat ve Etomidat-Lipuro\'nun venöz endotel üzerine olan etkileri karşılaştırılmıştır. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışma Fakülte Etik Kurul onayından sonra Ağustos 2007-Mayıs 2008 arasında yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya 40 tavşan dahil edildi. Propofol %1 (n=6), Propofol %2 (n=6), Ketamin (n=6), Pentotal (n=6), Etomidat (n=6), Etomidat lipuro (n=6) ve salin (Kontrol grubu, n=4) solüsyonlarından 1\'er ml eksternal juguler venden verildi. 5 dakika sonra, enjekte edilen venden 2 mm uzunlukta 6\'şar kesit alındı. Kesitler 4˚C gluteraldehid solüsyonunda fikse edilip 4°C osmium tetroksid ile yeniden fikse edildi. Kesitler elektron mikroskop ile incelendi. Bulgular: Propofol %1, Propofol %2, Pentotal ve Ketamin gruplarında normal vasküler endotel izlendi. Etomidat grubunda ise kontrol grubuna göre vasküler endotelde anlamlı hasar olduğu görüldü. Etomidat lipuro grubunda ise kontrol grubuna göre minimal deformasyonlar izlendi. Sonuç: Etomidat vasküler endotelde anlamlı hasar oluştururken lipuro eklenmesi ile bu etkiler azalmaktadır. Genel anestezi için etomidat kullanılacaksa, vasküler hasarın daha az olması ve hastanın enjeksiyon esnasında ağrı duymaması için lipuro formunun tercih edilmesi daha uygun olacaktır. Ancak, bu konuda daha fazla çalışma yapılması gerekmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Propofol ketamin etomidat pentotal etomidat lipuro vasküler hasar
Kaynakça
- Hästbacka J, Tammisto T, Elfving G, Tiitinen P. Infusion thrombophlebitis. A clinical study based upon 1048 cases. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1966;10(1):9-30.
- Hewitt JC, Hamilton RC, O’Donnell JF, Dundee JW. Clinical studies of induction agents. XIV: A comparative study of venous complications following thiopentone, methohexitone and propanidid. Br J Anaesth 1966;38(2):115-8.
- Zacharias M, Clarke RS, Dundee JW, Johnston SB. Evaluation of three preparations of etomidate. Br J Anaesth 1978;50(9):925-9.
- Korttila K, Tammisto T, Aromaa U. Comparison of etomidate in combination with fentanyl or diazepam, with thiopentone as an induction agent for general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1979;51(12):1151-7.
- Mikkelsen H, Hoel TM, Bryne H, Krohn CD. Local reactions after i.v. injections of diazepam, flunitrazepam and isotonic saline. Br J Anaesth 1980;52(8):817-9.
- Schou Olesen A, Hüttel MS. Local reactions to i.v. diazepam in three different formulations. Br J Anaesth 1980;52(6):609-11.
- Orttila K, Aromaa U. Venous complications after intravenous injection of diazepam, flunitrazepam, thiopentone and etomidate. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1980;24(3):227-30.
- Acharias M, Clarke RS, Dundee JW, Johnston SB. Venous sequelae following etomidate. Br J Anaesth 1979;51(8):779-83.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Yazısı |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Haziran 2012 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2012 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2 |