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The effectiveness of evening primrose oil and alpha lipoic acid in recovery of nerve function in diabetic rats

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 245 - 253, 01.09.2011
https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2011.03.0049

Öz

Objectives: Diabetic polyneuropathy is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and the most frequent neuropathy worldwide. Evening primrose oil (EPO) is rich in omega-6 essential fatty acid component and gamma-linolenic acid. Alpha lipoic acid (ALPA) has a protective effect against lipid peroxidation and helps in scavenging free radicals. Data regarding the effect of treatment with EPO on diabetic parameters and neuropathic manifestations are conflicting. This study aimed to determine the therapeutic efficacy of EPO and ALPA in correcting diabetic parameters and functional and structural neuropathic manifestations in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods: In this study, the effects of two week oral treatment with EPO (1.25 g/kg) was compared to that of ALPA (100 mg/kg) and insulin (2 IU/day), utilized singly or in combination. Results: Compared with untreated diabetic rats, EPO and ALPA resulted in reduction of serum levels of glucose (p

Kaynakça

  • Kahler W, Kuklinski B, Ruhlmann C. Diabetes mellitus - a free radical-associated disease. Results of adjuvant antioxi- dant supplementation. Z Gesamte Inn Med 1993,48(5):223- 32.
  • Apfel SC. Nerve regeneration in diabetic neuropathy. Diab Obes Metab 1999;1(1):3-11.
  • Ryan CM, Geckle MO, Orchard TJ. Cognitive efficiency declines over time in adults with type 1 diabetes: effects of micro- and macrovascular complications. Diabetologia 2003;46(7):940-8.
  • Pierson CR, Zhang W, Sima AA. Proinsulin C-peptide re- placement in type 1 diabetic BB/Wor-rats prevents defi- cits in nerve fiber regeneration. J Neuro Exper Neuro 2003;62(7):765-79.
  • Fichera LE, Brenner RR. Isolation and characterization of the haemolymph lipoproteins of Triatoma infestans. Comp Biochem Physiol B 1982;72(1):71-5.
  • Greene DA, Lattimer SA. Action of sorbinil in diabetic pe- ripheral nerve. Relationship of polyol (sorbitol) pathway inhibition to a myoinositol-mediated defect in sodium-po- tassium ATPase activity. Diabetes 1984;33(8):712-6.
  • Stevens EJ, Carrington AL, Tomlinson DR. Prostacy- clin release in experimental diabetes: effects of evening primrose oil. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1993;49(3):699-706.
  • Stevens MJ, Feldman EL, Greene DA. The etiology of dia- betic neuropathy: the combined roles of metabolic and vas- cular defects. Diabet Med 1995;12(7):566-79.
  • Rösen P, Nawroth PP, King G, Möller W, Tritschler HJ, Pack- er L. The role of oxidative stress in the onset and progres- sion of diabetes and its complications: a summary of a Con- gress Series sponsored by UNESCO-MCBN, the American Diabetes Association and the German Diabetes Society. Diabetes/Metab Res Rev 2001;17(3):189-212.
  • Sakaue Y, Sanada M, Sasaki T, Kashiwagi A, Yasuda H. Amelioration of retarded neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons by overexpression of PKC-δ in diabetic rats. Neuroreport 2003;14(3):431-6.
  • Chiarelli F, Santilli F, Mohn A. Role of growth factors in the development of diabetic complications. Horm Res 2000;53(2):53-67.
  • Mayer JH, Tomlinson DR. Prevention of defects of axonal transport and nerve conduction velocity by oral administra- tion of myo-inositol or an aldose reductase inhibitor in strep- tozotocin-diabetic rats. Diabetologia 1983;25(5):433-8.
  • Ziegler D, Mayer P, Rathmann W, Gries FA. One year treat- ment with the aldose reductase inhibitor, ponalrestat in dia- betic neuropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1991;14(1):63- 74.
  • Kihara M, Schmelzer JD, Poduslo JF, Curran GL, Nickander KK, Low PA. Aminoguanidine effects on nerve blood flow, vascular permeability, electrophysiology, and oxygen free radicals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88(14):6107-11.
  • Biesenbach G, Grafinger P, Eichbauer-Sturm G, Zazgornik J. Cerebrolysin in treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. Wien Med Wochenschr 1997;147(3):63-6.
  • Hamed SA. Cerebrolysin in Treatment of Acquired Periph- eral Nervous System Diseases: A clinical experience. Neu- ral Regen Res 2011;6(18):1415-20.
  • Evans JL, Goldfine ID. α-Lipoic acid: a multifunctional an- tioxidant that improves insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diab Techn Therap 2000;2(3):401-13.
  • Srinivasan A, Menon VP, Periaswamy V, Rajasekaran KN. Protection of pancreatic β-cell by the potential antioxidant bis-o-hydroxycinnamoyl methane, analogue of natural cur- cuminoid in experimental diabetes. J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 2003;6(3):327-33.
  • Sayyed SG, Kumar SA, Sharma SS. Effects of U83836E on nerve functions, hyperalgesia and oxidative stress in exper- imental diabetic neuropathy. Life Sci 2006;79(8):777-83.
  • Shirpoor A, Ansari MH, Salami S, Pakdel FG, Rasmi Y. Ef- fect of vitamin E on oxidative stress status in small intestine of diabetic rat. World J Gastro 2007;13(32):4340-4.
  • Frei B, Higdon JV. Antioxidant activity of tea poly- phenols in vivo: evidence from animal studies. J Nutr 2003;133(10):3275-84.
  • Wettasinghe M, Shahidi F, Amarowicz R. Identification and quantification of low molecular weight phenolic antioxi- dants in seeds of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L). J Agric Food Chem 2002;50(5):1267-71.
  • Coffey T. The history and folklore of North American Wild- flowers. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, Massachusetts, 1st edn, 1993, pp. 356.
  • Kanbur M, Eraslan G, Sarıca ZS, Aslan O.The effects of evening primrose oil on lipid peroxidation induced by subacute aflatoxin exposure in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2011;49(9):1960-4.
  • Cameron M, Gagnier JJ, Chrubasik S. Herbal therapy for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;(2):CD002948.
  • Senapati S, Banerjee S, Gangopadhyay DN. Evening prim- rose oil is effective in atopic dermatitis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2008;74(5):447-52.
  • Dobryniewski J, Szajda SD, Waszkiewicz N, Zwierz K. The gamma-linolenic acid (GLA)--the therapeutic value. Przegl Lek 2007;64(2):100-2.
  • Cameron NE, Cotter MA. Metabolic and vascular fac- tors in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Diabete 1997;46(2):31-7.
  • Burnard SL, McMurchie EJ, Leifert WR, et al. Cliazapril and dietary gamma-linoleic acid prevent the deficit in sci- atic nerve conduction velocity in the streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Diabetes Complications 1998;12(2):65-73.
  • Ziegler D, Low PA, Litchy WJ, Boulton AJ, Vinik AI, Freeman R, Samigullin R, Tritschler H, Munzel U, Maus J, Schütte K, Dyck PJ. Efficacy and Safety of Antioxidant Treatment With {alpha}-Lipoic Acid Over 4 Years in Dia- betic Polyneuropathy: The NATHAN 1 Trial. Diabetes Care. 2011. [Epub ahead of print] (Abstract).
  • Sudheesh NP, Ajith TA, Janardhanan KK, Krishnan CV. Palladium-α-lipoic acid complex attenuates alloxan-induced hyperglycemia and enhances the declined blood antioxidant status in diabetic rat. J Diabetes 2011. doi: 10.1111/j.1753- 0407.2011.00142.x. [Epub ahead of print] (Abstract).
  • Packer L, Witt E, Tritschler H. Alpha-lipoic acid as a bio- logical antioxidant. Free Radic Biol Med 1995;19(2):227- 50.
  • Nagamatsu M, Nickander KK, Schmelzer JD, et al. Lipoic acid improves nerve blood flow, reduces oxidative stress, and improves distal nerve conduction in experimental dia- betic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 1995;18(8):1160-7.
  • López-Erauskin J, Fourcade S, Galino J, et al. Antioxidants halt axonal degeneration in a mouse model of X-adrenoleu- kodystrophy. Ann Neurol 2011;70(1):84-92.
  • Ansar H, Mazloom Z, Kazemi F, Hejazi N. Effect of alpha- lipoic acid on blood glucose, insulin resistance and gluta- thione peroxidase of type 2 diabetic patients. Saudi Med J 2011;32(6):584-8.
  • Zhang Y, Han P, Wu N, et al. Amelioration of Lipid Ab- normalities by α-Lipoic acid Through Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011;19(8):1647-53.
  • Lockett MJ, Tomlinson DR. The effects of dietary treat- ment with essential fatty acids on sciatic nerve conduction and activity of the Na+/K+ pump in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Br J Pharmacol 1992;105(2):335-60.
  • Dines KC, Cameron NE, Cotter MA. Comparison of the effects of evening primrose oil and triglycerides containing gamma-linolenic acid on nerve conduction and blood flow in diabetic rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995;273(1):49-55.
  • Cameron NE, Cotter MA, Horrobin DH, Tritschler HJ. Ef- fects of a-lipoic acid on neurovascular function in diabetic rats: Interaction with essential fatty acids. Diabetologia 1998;41(4):390-9.
  • Shotton, HR, Broadbent S, Lincoln J. Prevention and par- tial reversal of diabetes-induced changes in enteric nerves of the rat ileum by combined treatment with a-lipoic acid and evening primrose oil. Autonomic. Neurosci Basic Clin 2004;111(1):57-65.
  • Cameron NE, Jack AM, Cotter MA. Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on vascular responses and nociception in diabetic rats. Free Rad Biol Med 2001;31(1):125-35.
  • Belmonte KE, Jacoby DB, Fryer AD. Increased function of inhibitory neuronal M2 muscarinic receptors in diabetic rat lungs. British J Pharm 1997;121(7):1287-94.
  • Kennedy L, Mehl TD, Riley WJ, Merimee TJ. Non-en- zymatically glycosylated serum protein in diabetes mel- litus: an index of short-term glycaemia. Diabetologia 1981;21(2):94-8.
  • Roeschlau P, Bernt E, Gruber W. Enzymatic determination of total cholesterol in serum. Klin Chem Klin Biochem 1974;12(5):226.
  • Fossati P, Prencipe L. Serum triglycerides determined colo- rimetrically with an enzyme that produces hydrogen perox- ide. Clin Chem 1982;28(10):2077-80.
  • Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of HDL-cholestrol in plasma without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972;18(6):499- 502.
  • Green LC, Wagner DA, Glogowski J, Skipper PL, Whish- nok JS, Tannenbaum, SR. Analysis of nitrate, nitrite and [15N] in biological fluids. Analytical Biochemistry 1982;126(1):131-8.
  • Thayer WS. Serum lipid peroxides in rats treated chronical- ly with adriamycin. Biochem Pharm 1994;33(14):2259-63.
  • Miller NJ, Rice-Evans C, Davies MJ, Gopinathan V, Mil- ner AA. A novel method for measuring antioxidant capacity and its application to monitoring the antioxidant status in premature neonates. Clin Sci 1993;84(4):407-12.
  • Millette, VM, Steagall, PV, Duke-Novakovski, T, Livings- ton AJ. Effects of meperidine or saline on thermal, me- chanical and electrical nociceptive thresholds in cats. Vet. Anaesth Analg 2008;35(6):543-7.
  • Randall LO, Sellito JJ. A method for measurement of an- algesic activity on inflamed tissue. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1957;111(4):409-19.
  • Jones BJ, Roberts DJ. A rotarod suitable for quantitative measurements of motor incoordination in naive mice, Nau- nyn Schmiedebergs. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol 1968;259(2):211.
  • Troni W, Carta Q, Cantello R, Caselle MT, Rainero I. Pe- ripheral nerve function and metabolic control in diabetes mellitus. Ann Neurol 1984;16 (2):178-83.
  • Ford I, Cotter MA, Cameron NE, Greaves M. The Effects of Treatment With α-Lipoic Acid or Evening Primrose Oil on Vascular Hemostatic and Lipid Risk Factors, Blood Flow, and Peripheral Nerve Conduction in the Streptozotocin- Diabetic Rat. Metabolism 2001;50(8):868-75.
  • Gofron MS, Bellwon J, Sobiczewski W, Ciecwierz D, Rynkiewicz A, Stolyhwo A. Two weeks supplementation with olive oil and evening primrose oil similarly affect plasma lipids level in men with coronary artery disease. Nutritional Approaches; XIV international Symposium on Atherosclerosis, Rome, Italy, June 2006, 18-22.
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Diyabetik ratların sinir işlevlerinin düzelmesinde gecesafası yağı ve alfa lipoik asidin etkinliği

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 245 - 253, 01.09.2011
https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2011.03.0049

Öz

Amaç: Diyabetik polinöropati diabetin en ciddi bir komplikasyonudur ve dünyada en yaygın olan nöropatidir. Akşamsefası yağı (EPO) omega-6 esansiyel yağ asit ve gama-linoleik asit bakımından zengindir. Alfa lipoik asit (ALPA) lipid peroksidasyonuna karşı koruyucu bir etkiye sahiptir ve serbest oksijen radikallerini temizlemeye yardımcı olur. EPO tedavisinin diyabet parametreleri ve nöropatik belirtileri üzerine etkisi konusundaki veriler çelişkilidir. Bu çalışma EPO ve ALPA'nın, streptozotosinle diyabet geliştirilen ratlarda, diyabetik parametreleri ve fonksiyonel ve yapısal nöropatik belirtileri düzeltmedeki tedavi etkinliğini belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Gereç ve yöntem: Bu çalışmada EPO ile iki haftalık oral tedavi (1.25 g/kg) ALPA (100 mg/kg) ve insülin (2 U/gün) ile tek başına ve kombinasyon şeklinde karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Tedavi edilmemiş ratlarla karşılaştırıldığında; EPO ve ALPA, serum glukoz (p

Kaynakça

  • Kahler W, Kuklinski B, Ruhlmann C. Diabetes mellitus - a free radical-associated disease. Results of adjuvant antioxi- dant supplementation. Z Gesamte Inn Med 1993,48(5):223- 32.
  • Apfel SC. Nerve regeneration in diabetic neuropathy. Diab Obes Metab 1999;1(1):3-11.
  • Ryan CM, Geckle MO, Orchard TJ. Cognitive efficiency declines over time in adults with type 1 diabetes: effects of micro- and macrovascular complications. Diabetologia 2003;46(7):940-8.
  • Pierson CR, Zhang W, Sima AA. Proinsulin C-peptide re- placement in type 1 diabetic BB/Wor-rats prevents defi- cits in nerve fiber regeneration. J Neuro Exper Neuro 2003;62(7):765-79.
  • Fichera LE, Brenner RR. Isolation and characterization of the haemolymph lipoproteins of Triatoma infestans. Comp Biochem Physiol B 1982;72(1):71-5.
  • Greene DA, Lattimer SA. Action of sorbinil in diabetic pe- ripheral nerve. Relationship of polyol (sorbitol) pathway inhibition to a myoinositol-mediated defect in sodium-po- tassium ATPase activity. Diabetes 1984;33(8):712-6.
  • Stevens EJ, Carrington AL, Tomlinson DR. Prostacy- clin release in experimental diabetes: effects of evening primrose oil. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1993;49(3):699-706.
  • Stevens MJ, Feldman EL, Greene DA. The etiology of dia- betic neuropathy: the combined roles of metabolic and vas- cular defects. Diabet Med 1995;12(7):566-79.
  • Rösen P, Nawroth PP, King G, Möller W, Tritschler HJ, Pack- er L. The role of oxidative stress in the onset and progres- sion of diabetes and its complications: a summary of a Con- gress Series sponsored by UNESCO-MCBN, the American Diabetes Association and the German Diabetes Society. Diabetes/Metab Res Rev 2001;17(3):189-212.
  • Sakaue Y, Sanada M, Sasaki T, Kashiwagi A, Yasuda H. Amelioration of retarded neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons by overexpression of PKC-δ in diabetic rats. Neuroreport 2003;14(3):431-6.
  • Chiarelli F, Santilli F, Mohn A. Role of growth factors in the development of diabetic complications. Horm Res 2000;53(2):53-67.
  • Mayer JH, Tomlinson DR. Prevention of defects of axonal transport and nerve conduction velocity by oral administra- tion of myo-inositol or an aldose reductase inhibitor in strep- tozotocin-diabetic rats. Diabetologia 1983;25(5):433-8.
  • Ziegler D, Mayer P, Rathmann W, Gries FA. One year treat- ment with the aldose reductase inhibitor, ponalrestat in dia- betic neuropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1991;14(1):63- 74.
  • Kihara M, Schmelzer JD, Poduslo JF, Curran GL, Nickander KK, Low PA. Aminoguanidine effects on nerve blood flow, vascular permeability, electrophysiology, and oxygen free radicals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88(14):6107-11.
  • Biesenbach G, Grafinger P, Eichbauer-Sturm G, Zazgornik J. Cerebrolysin in treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. Wien Med Wochenschr 1997;147(3):63-6.
  • Hamed SA. Cerebrolysin in Treatment of Acquired Periph- eral Nervous System Diseases: A clinical experience. Neu- ral Regen Res 2011;6(18):1415-20.
  • Evans JL, Goldfine ID. α-Lipoic acid: a multifunctional an- tioxidant that improves insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diab Techn Therap 2000;2(3):401-13.
  • Srinivasan A, Menon VP, Periaswamy V, Rajasekaran KN. Protection of pancreatic β-cell by the potential antioxidant bis-o-hydroxycinnamoyl methane, analogue of natural cur- cuminoid in experimental diabetes. J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 2003;6(3):327-33.
  • Sayyed SG, Kumar SA, Sharma SS. Effects of U83836E on nerve functions, hyperalgesia and oxidative stress in exper- imental diabetic neuropathy. Life Sci 2006;79(8):777-83.
  • Shirpoor A, Ansari MH, Salami S, Pakdel FG, Rasmi Y. Ef- fect of vitamin E on oxidative stress status in small intestine of diabetic rat. World J Gastro 2007;13(32):4340-4.
  • Frei B, Higdon JV. Antioxidant activity of tea poly- phenols in vivo: evidence from animal studies. J Nutr 2003;133(10):3275-84.
  • Wettasinghe M, Shahidi F, Amarowicz R. Identification and quantification of low molecular weight phenolic antioxi- dants in seeds of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L). J Agric Food Chem 2002;50(5):1267-71.
  • Coffey T. The history and folklore of North American Wild- flowers. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, Massachusetts, 1st edn, 1993, pp. 356.
  • Kanbur M, Eraslan G, Sarıca ZS, Aslan O.The effects of evening primrose oil on lipid peroxidation induced by subacute aflatoxin exposure in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2011;49(9):1960-4.
  • Cameron M, Gagnier JJ, Chrubasik S. Herbal therapy for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;(2):CD002948.
  • Senapati S, Banerjee S, Gangopadhyay DN. Evening prim- rose oil is effective in atopic dermatitis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2008;74(5):447-52.
  • Dobryniewski J, Szajda SD, Waszkiewicz N, Zwierz K. The gamma-linolenic acid (GLA)--the therapeutic value. Przegl Lek 2007;64(2):100-2.
  • Cameron NE, Cotter MA. Metabolic and vascular fac- tors in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Diabete 1997;46(2):31-7.
  • Burnard SL, McMurchie EJ, Leifert WR, et al. Cliazapril and dietary gamma-linoleic acid prevent the deficit in sci- atic nerve conduction velocity in the streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Diabetes Complications 1998;12(2):65-73.
  • Ziegler D, Low PA, Litchy WJ, Boulton AJ, Vinik AI, Freeman R, Samigullin R, Tritschler H, Munzel U, Maus J, Schütte K, Dyck PJ. Efficacy and Safety of Antioxidant Treatment With {alpha}-Lipoic Acid Over 4 Years in Dia- betic Polyneuropathy: The NATHAN 1 Trial. Diabetes Care. 2011. [Epub ahead of print] (Abstract).
  • Sudheesh NP, Ajith TA, Janardhanan KK, Krishnan CV. Palladium-α-lipoic acid complex attenuates alloxan-induced hyperglycemia and enhances the declined blood antioxidant status in diabetic rat. J Diabetes 2011. doi: 10.1111/j.1753- 0407.2011.00142.x. [Epub ahead of print] (Abstract).
  • Packer L, Witt E, Tritschler H. Alpha-lipoic acid as a bio- logical antioxidant. Free Radic Biol Med 1995;19(2):227- 50.
  • Nagamatsu M, Nickander KK, Schmelzer JD, et al. Lipoic acid improves nerve blood flow, reduces oxidative stress, and improves distal nerve conduction in experimental dia- betic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 1995;18(8):1160-7.
  • López-Erauskin J, Fourcade S, Galino J, et al. Antioxidants halt axonal degeneration in a mouse model of X-adrenoleu- kodystrophy. Ann Neurol 2011;70(1):84-92.
  • Ansar H, Mazloom Z, Kazemi F, Hejazi N. Effect of alpha- lipoic acid on blood glucose, insulin resistance and gluta- thione peroxidase of type 2 diabetic patients. Saudi Med J 2011;32(6):584-8.
  • Zhang Y, Han P, Wu N, et al. Amelioration of Lipid Ab- normalities by α-Lipoic acid Through Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011;19(8):1647-53.
  • Lockett MJ, Tomlinson DR. The effects of dietary treat- ment with essential fatty acids on sciatic nerve conduction and activity of the Na+/K+ pump in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Br J Pharmacol 1992;105(2):335-60.
  • Dines KC, Cameron NE, Cotter MA. Comparison of the effects of evening primrose oil and triglycerides containing gamma-linolenic acid on nerve conduction and blood flow in diabetic rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995;273(1):49-55.
  • Cameron NE, Cotter MA, Horrobin DH, Tritschler HJ. Ef- fects of a-lipoic acid on neurovascular function in diabetic rats: Interaction with essential fatty acids. Diabetologia 1998;41(4):390-9.
  • Shotton, HR, Broadbent S, Lincoln J. Prevention and par- tial reversal of diabetes-induced changes in enteric nerves of the rat ileum by combined treatment with a-lipoic acid and evening primrose oil. Autonomic. Neurosci Basic Clin 2004;111(1):57-65.
  • Cameron NE, Jack AM, Cotter MA. Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on vascular responses and nociception in diabetic rats. Free Rad Biol Med 2001;31(1):125-35.
  • Belmonte KE, Jacoby DB, Fryer AD. Increased function of inhibitory neuronal M2 muscarinic receptors in diabetic rat lungs. British J Pharm 1997;121(7):1287-94.
  • Kennedy L, Mehl TD, Riley WJ, Merimee TJ. Non-en- zymatically glycosylated serum protein in diabetes mel- litus: an index of short-term glycaemia. Diabetologia 1981;21(2):94-8.
  • Roeschlau P, Bernt E, Gruber W. Enzymatic determination of total cholesterol in serum. Klin Chem Klin Biochem 1974;12(5):226.
  • Fossati P, Prencipe L. Serum triglycerides determined colo- rimetrically with an enzyme that produces hydrogen perox- ide. Clin Chem 1982;28(10):2077-80.
  • Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of HDL-cholestrol in plasma without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972;18(6):499- 502.
  • Green LC, Wagner DA, Glogowski J, Skipper PL, Whish- nok JS, Tannenbaum, SR. Analysis of nitrate, nitrite and [15N] in biological fluids. Analytical Biochemistry 1982;126(1):131-8.
  • Thayer WS. Serum lipid peroxides in rats treated chronical- ly with adriamycin. Biochem Pharm 1994;33(14):2259-63.
  • Miller NJ, Rice-Evans C, Davies MJ, Gopinathan V, Mil- ner AA. A novel method for measuring antioxidant capacity and its application to monitoring the antioxidant status in premature neonates. Clin Sci 1993;84(4):407-12.
  • Millette, VM, Steagall, PV, Duke-Novakovski, T, Livings- ton AJ. Effects of meperidine or saline on thermal, me- chanical and electrical nociceptive thresholds in cats. Vet. Anaesth Analg 2008;35(6):543-7.
  • Randall LO, Sellito JJ. A method for measurement of an- algesic activity on inflamed tissue. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1957;111(4):409-19.
  • Jones BJ, Roberts DJ. A rotarod suitable for quantitative measurements of motor incoordination in naive mice, Nau- nyn Schmiedebergs. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol 1968;259(2):211.
  • Troni W, Carta Q, Cantello R, Caselle MT, Rainero I. Pe- ripheral nerve function and metabolic control in diabetes mellitus. Ann Neurol 1984;16 (2):178-83.
  • Ford I, Cotter MA, Cameron NE, Greaves M. The Effects of Treatment With α-Lipoic Acid or Evening Primrose Oil on Vascular Hemostatic and Lipid Risk Factors, Blood Flow, and Peripheral Nerve Conduction in the Streptozotocin- Diabetic Rat. Metabolism 2001;50(8):868-75.
  • Gofron MS, Bellwon J, Sobiczewski W, Ciecwierz D, Rynkiewicz A, Stolyhwo A. Two weeks supplementation with olive oil and evening primrose oil similarly affect plasma lipids level in men with coronary artery disease. Nutritional Approaches; XIV international Symposium on Atherosclerosis, Rome, Italy, June 2006, 18-22.
  • Cameron NE, Cotter MA. Impaired contraction and re- laxation in aorta from streptozotocin-diabetic rats: role of polyol pathway. Diabetologia 1992;35(11):1011-9.
  • Bekyarova GY, Ivanova DG, Madjova VH. Molecular mechanisms associating oxidative stress with endothe- lial dysfunction in the development of various vascular complications in diabetes mellitus. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2007;49(3-4):13-9.
  • Watala C, Winocour PD. The relationship of chemical mod- ification of membrane proteins and lipoproteins to reduced membrane fluidity of erythrocytes from diabetic subjects. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1992;30(9):513-9.
  • Karasu C, Dewhurst M, Stevens EJ, Tomlinson DR. Effects of anti-oxidant treatment on sciatic nerve dysfunction in streptozotocin-diabetic rats; comparison with essential fatty acids. Diabetologia 1995;38(2):129-34.
  • Keegan A, Cotter MA, Cameron NE. Effects of diabetes and treatment with the antioxidant, a-lipoic acid, on en- dothelial and neurogenic functions of corpus cavernosum in rats. Diabetologia 1999;42(3):343-50.
  • Kanwar S, Wallace JL, Befus D. Nitric oxide synthesis in- hibition increases epithelial permeability via mast cell. Am J Physiol 1994;266(2 Pt 1):G222-9.
  • Koo JR, Vaziri ND. Effects of diabetes, insulin and antioxi- dants on NO synthase abundance and NO interaction with reactive oxygen species. Kidney Intern 2003;63(1):195- 201.
  • De Vries AS, Verbeuren TJ, Van de Voorde J, Lameire NH, Vanhoutte PM. Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. Br J Pharm 2000;130(5):963-74.
  • Obrosova IG, Fathallah L, Liu E, Nourooz-Zadeh J. Early oxidative stress in the diabetic kidney: effect of DL-alpha- lipoic acid. Free Radic Biol Med 2003;34(2):186-95.
  • Merzouk H, Madani, S, Chabane D, Prost J, Bouchenak M, Belleville J. Time course of changes in serum glucose, insulin, lipids and tissue lipase activities in macrosomic offspring of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Clin Sci 2000;98(1):21-30.
  • Okamoto H. Recent advances in physiological and patho- logical significance of tryptophan-NAD+ metabolites: les- sons from insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells. Adv Exp Med Biol 2003;527:243-52.
  • Omawari N, Dewhurst M, Vo P, Mahmood S, Stevens E, Tomlinson D. Deficient nitric oxide responsible for reduced nerve blood flow in diabetic rats: effects of L-NAME, L- arginine, sodium nitroprusside and evening primrose oil. Br J Pharm. 1996;118(1):186-90.
  • Mythili Y, Sudharsan PT, Selvakumar E, Varalakshmi P. Protective effect of DL-alpha-lipoic acid on cyclophosph- amide induced oxidative cardiac injury. Chemico-biologi- cal interactions 2004;151(1):13-9.
  • Turk HM, Sevinc A, Camci C, et al. Plasma lipid peroxi- dation products and antioxidant enzyme activities in pa- tients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetologica 2002;39(3):117-22.
Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Yazısı
Yazarlar

Alaa Eldeen Ahmed El-kossi Bu kişi benim

Mostafa Mahmoud Abdellah Bu kişi benim

Abeer Mohamed Rashad Bu kişi benim

Sherifa Ahmad Hamed Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Eylül 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2011 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA El-kossi, A. E. A., Abdellah, M. M., Rashad, A. M., Hamed, S. A. (2011). Diyabetik ratların sinir işlevlerinin düzelmesinde gecesafası yağı ve alfa lipoik asidin etkinliği. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations, 2(3), 245-253. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2011.03.0049
AMA El-kossi AEA, Abdellah MM, Rashad AM, Hamed SA. Diyabetik ratların sinir işlevlerinin düzelmesinde gecesafası yağı ve alfa lipoik asidin etkinliği. J Clin Exp Invest. Eylül 2011;2(3):245-253. doi:10.5799/ahinjs.01.2011.03.0049
Chicago El-kossi, Alaa Eldeen Ahmed, Mostafa Mahmoud Abdellah, Abeer Mohamed Rashad, ve Sherifa Ahmad Hamed. “Diyabetik ratların Sinir işlevlerinin düzelmesinde Gecesafası yağı Ve Alfa Lipoik Asidin etkinliği”. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations 2, sy. 3 (Eylül 2011): 245-53. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2011.03.0049.
EndNote El-kossi AEA, Abdellah MM, Rashad AM, Hamed SA (01 Eylül 2011) Diyabetik ratların sinir işlevlerinin düzelmesinde gecesafası yağı ve alfa lipoik asidin etkinliği. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations 2 3 245–253.
IEEE A. E. A. El-kossi, M. M. Abdellah, A. M. Rashad, ve S. A. Hamed, “Diyabetik ratların sinir işlevlerinin düzelmesinde gecesafası yağı ve alfa lipoik asidin etkinliği”, J Clin Exp Invest, c. 2, sy. 3, ss. 245–253, 2011, doi: 10.5799/ahinjs.01.2011.03.0049.
ISNAD El-kossi, Alaa Eldeen Ahmed vd. “Diyabetik ratların Sinir işlevlerinin düzelmesinde Gecesafası yağı Ve Alfa Lipoik Asidin etkinliği”. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations 2/3 (Eylül 2011), 245-253. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2011.03.0049.
JAMA El-kossi AEA, Abdellah MM, Rashad AM, Hamed SA. Diyabetik ratların sinir işlevlerinin düzelmesinde gecesafası yağı ve alfa lipoik asidin etkinliği. J Clin Exp Invest. 2011;2:245–253.
MLA El-kossi, Alaa Eldeen Ahmed vd. “Diyabetik ratların Sinir işlevlerinin düzelmesinde Gecesafası yağı Ve Alfa Lipoik Asidin etkinliği”. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations, c. 2, sy. 3, 2011, ss. 245-53, doi:10.5799/ahinjs.01.2011.03.0049.
Vancouver El-kossi AEA, Abdellah MM, Rashad AM, Hamed SA. Diyabetik ratların sinir işlevlerinin düzelmesinde gecesafası yağı ve alfa lipoik asidin etkinliği. J Clin Exp Invest. 2011;2(3):245-53.