Öz
In the Stockholm Declaration, it states that “ The emergency in terms of medicine is characterized by the acute and unforeseeable imbalance between the capacity and sources of the medicine profession within a certain period of time and the requirement of people affected by the emergency situation or people whose health are under threat.” Since potential exposure from the inner and outer stimulus is higher for the organism that is developing in physiological and psychological sense, childhood period is a risky period without considering causation. All of the risks cover the child, family and society. In risk evaluation, live, protection, development and participation rights of child shall be basis in humane and legal sense. Considering the fact that child is the subject of the social life, the damages that may happen should be realized before creating domino effect and injuries should be treated and they should be prevented with precautions that are the dynamo of themselves. Convention on the rights of children gives right to all of us in particular to pediatricians like us to warn and remind states of their duties in the event of failure to abide by these rights to protect the children from risky situations. Reasonable and practical approaches shall be produced with evaluations conducted in the scope of the health, security and education in case of emergency. J Clin Exp Invest 2015; 6 (3): 324-330
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Bellamy C: The States of the World’s Children 2005. New York, United Nations Children’s Fund, 2004.p.162.
- O’Hare BA, Southall DP. First do no harm: the impact of recent armed conflict on maternal and child health in Sub-Saharan Africa. R Soc Med 2007;100:564-570.
- UNICEF. The State of the World’s Children 2013 - http://
- www.unicef.org/sowc2013 (Erişim Tarihi 10.06.2015)
- Ghobarah H, Huth P, Russett B. Civil wars kill and maim people-long after the shooting stops. (Draft 29 Aug 2001). Center for Basic Research in the Social Sciences. www.cbrss.harvard.edu/programs/hsecurity/ papers/civilwar.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 10.06.2015)
- Pearn J. Children and war. J Paediatr Child Health 2003; 39:166-172.
- Tokuç B. (1.Baskı). İstanbul, HASUDER; 2014-1.
- Southall D. Abbasi K. Protecting children from armed conflict BMJ; 1998;316:1549- 1550.
- Mann J et al. Bosnia: the war against public health. Medicine and Global Survival,1994;1:130-146.
- Garfield RM, Frieden T, Vermund SH. Health related outcomes of war in Nicaragua. American Journal of Public Health, 1987;77:615-618.
- Perrin JM. Developmental disabilities and chronic illness. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 17th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2004. p.135-138.
- Effect of war on children. http://www.ppu.org.uk/ chidren/children_effect_yugo.html.(Erişim Tarihi 10.06.2015)
- Barbara JS. Impact of War on Children and Imperative to End War. Croat Med J. 2006;47:891-894.
- United Nations High Commission for Refugees. Refugee children. Guidelines on protection and care. UNHCR, Geneva, 1994.
- Szapocnic J, Kurtines W.M. Family Psychology and Cultural
- Diversity: Oportunities for Theory, Research and Application. American Psychologist 1993;48:400-407.
- Türkyılmaz A, Çay A, Avşar BZ, Aksoy M. Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu’dan terör nedeniyle göç eden ailelerin sorunları. Başbakanlık Aile Araştırma Kurumu 1998;115:528.
- Stellinga-Boelen AA, Storm H, Wiegersma PA, et al. Iron deficiency among children of asylum seekers in the Netherlands. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2007;45:591-595.
- Bellamy C: The States of the World’s Children 2005. New York, United Nations Children’s Fund, 2004.p.162.
- Becker-Blease KA, Turner HA, Finkelhor D. Disasters, Victimization and Children’s Mental Health. Child Dev 2010;81:1040-1052.
- Balaban V. Psychological assessment of children in disasters
- and emergencies. Disasters 2006; 30(2):178-198.
- American Academy of Pediatrics. The youngest victims: Disaster Preparedness to meet children’s needs.
- http://www2.aap.org/disasters/pdf/Youngest- Victims-Final.pdf. [Erişim tarihi: 07.04.2012].
- Moss WJ, Ramakrishnan M, Storms D, et al. Child health in complex emergency . Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2006;84:58-64.
- Karakaya I, Ağaoglu B, Coşkun A, ve ark. Marmara Depreminden Üç Büçuk Yıl Sonra Ergenlerde TSSB, Depresyon ve Anksiyete Belirtileri. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 2004;15:257-263.
- DEEP. Shaw JA, Espinel Z, Shultz JM. Children: stres, trauma, disaster. Chapter:3, Florida, Disaster and Extreme Event Preparedness, 2007.
- WHO. Guiding principles for feeding infants and young children during emergencies. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004.
- Aycan S, Toprak İ, Yüksel B, ve ark. Afet Durumlarında Beslenme Hizmetleri. T.C Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Ankara, 2002.
- WHO. The Manegement of Nutrition in Major Emergency. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2000.
- Conolly MA, Gayer M, Ryan M, et al. Communicable diseases in complex emergencies: impact and challenges. Lancet 2004;364:1974-1983.
- Watson JT, Gayer M, Connolly MA. Epidemics after Natural Disaster. Emerging Infection Disease. 2007;13:1.
- The Johns Hopkins and Red Cross Red Crescent Public health guide in emergencies. Chapter 7: Control of communicable diseases. Second edition, 2008.
- Kouadio IK, Aljunid S, Kamigaki T, et al. Infectious diseases following natural disasters: prevention and control measures. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2012;10:95-104.
Öz
Stockholm Bildirgesi’nde, “Tıp açısından olağan dışı durumlar, belirli bir zaman dönemi içerisinde tıp mesleğinin kapasite ve kaynakları ile olağan dışı durumdan etkilenen kişilerin veya sağlığı tehdit altında olan insanların gereksinimleri arasında akut ve önceden görülemeyen bir dengesizlikle karakterizedir” denmektedir. Fizyolojik ve psikolojik anlamda gelişmekte olan bir organizmanın iç ve dış uyaranlardan etkilenme potansiyeli yüksek olduğundan, nedensellik gözetmeksizin çocukluk dönemi riskli bir dönemdir. Bu risklerin tümü çocuğu, aileyi ve toplumu kapsar. Risk değerlendirmesinde çocuğun; Yaşama, korunma, gelişme ve katılım hakları insani ve dahi hukuki anlamda temel alınmalıdır. Çocuğun toplumsal yaşamın öznesi olduğunu göz önünde bulundurarak meydana gelecek zarar domino taşı etkisi yaratmadan önce fark edilmeli, oluşan yaralanmalar tedavi edilmeli ve kendi kendinin dinamosu olacak önlemlerle yinelenmesi engellenmelidir. Çocuk Hakları sözleşmesi riskli durumlardan çocukları korumak üzere başta bizim gibi çocuk doktorları olmak üzere herkese bu haklara uyulmadığı taktirde uyarı yapılması ve devletlere bu konudaki görevlerinin hatırlatılması hakkını vermektedir. Olağan üstü durumlarda sağlık, güvenlik, eğitim kapsamında yapılan değerlendirmelerle akılcı ve pratik yaklaşımlar üretilmelidir.
Anahtar kelimler: Olağanüstü, göç, çocuk, savaş, afet
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Bellamy C: The States of the World’s Children 2005. New York, United Nations Children’s Fund, 2004.p.162.
- O’Hare BA, Southall DP. First do no harm: the impact of recent armed conflict on maternal and child health in Sub-Saharan Africa. R Soc Med 2007;100:564-570.
- UNICEF. The State of the World’s Children 2013 - http://
- www.unicef.org/sowc2013 (Erişim Tarihi 10.06.2015)
- Ghobarah H, Huth P, Russett B. Civil wars kill and maim people-long after the shooting stops. (Draft 29 Aug 2001). Center for Basic Research in the Social Sciences. www.cbrss.harvard.edu/programs/hsecurity/ papers/civilwar.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 10.06.2015)
- Pearn J. Children and war. J Paediatr Child Health 2003; 39:166-172.
- Tokuç B. (1.Baskı). İstanbul, HASUDER; 2014-1.
- Southall D. Abbasi K. Protecting children from armed conflict BMJ; 1998;316:1549- 1550.
- Mann J et al. Bosnia: the war against public health. Medicine and Global Survival,1994;1:130-146.
- Garfield RM, Frieden T, Vermund SH. Health related outcomes of war in Nicaragua. American Journal of Public Health, 1987;77:615-618.
- Perrin JM. Developmental disabilities and chronic illness. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 17th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2004. p.135-138.
- Effect of war on children. http://www.ppu.org.uk/ chidren/children_effect_yugo.html.(Erişim Tarihi 10.06.2015)
- Barbara JS. Impact of War on Children and Imperative to End War. Croat Med J. 2006;47:891-894.
- United Nations High Commission for Refugees. Refugee children. Guidelines on protection and care. UNHCR, Geneva, 1994.
- Szapocnic J, Kurtines W.M. Family Psychology and Cultural
- Diversity: Oportunities for Theory, Research and Application. American Psychologist 1993;48:400-407.
- Türkyılmaz A, Çay A, Avşar BZ, Aksoy M. Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu’dan terör nedeniyle göç eden ailelerin sorunları. Başbakanlık Aile Araştırma Kurumu 1998;115:528.
- Stellinga-Boelen AA, Storm H, Wiegersma PA, et al. Iron deficiency among children of asylum seekers in the Netherlands. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2007;45:591-595.
- Bellamy C: The States of the World’s Children 2005. New York, United Nations Children’s Fund, 2004.p.162.
- Becker-Blease KA, Turner HA, Finkelhor D. Disasters, Victimization and Children’s Mental Health. Child Dev 2010;81:1040-1052.
- Balaban V. Psychological assessment of children in disasters
- and emergencies. Disasters 2006; 30(2):178-198.
- American Academy of Pediatrics. The youngest victims: Disaster Preparedness to meet children’s needs.
- http://www2.aap.org/disasters/pdf/Youngest- Victims-Final.pdf. [Erişim tarihi: 07.04.2012].
- Moss WJ, Ramakrishnan M, Storms D, et al. Child health in complex emergency . Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2006;84:58-64.
- Karakaya I, Ağaoglu B, Coşkun A, ve ark. Marmara Depreminden Üç Büçuk Yıl Sonra Ergenlerde TSSB, Depresyon ve Anksiyete Belirtileri. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 2004;15:257-263.
- DEEP. Shaw JA, Espinel Z, Shultz JM. Children: stres, trauma, disaster. Chapter:3, Florida, Disaster and Extreme Event Preparedness, 2007.
- WHO. Guiding principles for feeding infants and young children during emergencies. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004.
- Aycan S, Toprak İ, Yüksel B, ve ark. Afet Durumlarında Beslenme Hizmetleri. T.C Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Ankara, 2002.
- WHO. The Manegement of Nutrition in Major Emergency. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2000.
- Conolly MA, Gayer M, Ryan M, et al. Communicable diseases in complex emergencies: impact and challenges. Lancet 2004;364:1974-1983.
- Watson JT, Gayer M, Connolly MA. Epidemics after Natural Disaster. Emerging Infection Disease. 2007;13:1.
- The Johns Hopkins and Red Cross Red Crescent Public health guide in emergencies. Chapter 7: Control of communicable diseases. Second edition, 2008.
- Kouadio IK, Aljunid S, Kamigaki T, et al. Infectious diseases following natural disasters: prevention and control measures. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2012;10:95-104.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Derleme |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 25 Ekim 2015 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2015 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3 |