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The Effect of Virtual Reality and the Buzzy® Application on Pain, Fear, and Anxiety During Prick Testing in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 241 - 253, 29.12.2025

Öz

Objective: This parallel-group pre-test-post-test randomized controlled experimental study aims to determine the effects of virtual reality (VR) and the Buzzy® application on pain, fear, and anxiety in children aged 7-10 years undergoing prick testing.
Method: The study will be conducted between June 2024 and December 2025 at the Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine Hospital Pediatric Immunology and Allergy Outpatient Clinic. The sample will include 90 children aged 7-10 years who are suitable for prick testing. Data will be collected using the Personal Information Form, Wong Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WB-FACES), Child Fear Scale (CFS), and Child Anxiety Scale-State (CAS-D). Randomization will be done using a computer-generated random number table. Participants will be assigned to three groups: experimental group 1 (SG), experimental group 2 (Buzzy®), and a control group. Children in the SG group will watch an aquarium video selected by themselves based on expert advice. Those in the Buzzy® group will receive the bee-shaped vibrating cold device, while the control group will receive no intervention. Before the procedure, all children, their parents, and the researcher will independently complete the WB-FACES, CFS, and CAS-D scales. No measurements will be taken during the prick test; only the SG and Buzzy® interventions will be applied. Immediately after the procedure, within about one minute, the same scales will be completed again independently by the child, parent, and researcher. The pain, fear, and anxiety levels of children in all three groups will be compared statistically.
Conclusion: It is anticipated that using the SG and Buzzy® devices, as non-pharmacological methods, will reduce pain, fear, and anxiety in children undergoing prick testing. Because prick testing is minimally invasive, easily applicable, and inexpensive, interventions to alleviate discomfort can significantly contribute to pediatric care and related literature.

Kaynakça

  • 1 Aydın, E., Doğan, A., & Bektaş, M. H. (2023). Uluslararasi Ağri Araştirmalari Derneği̇ (IASP) Ağri Tanimini Kli̇ni̇k ve Felsefi̇ Yönden Tartişilmasi: 2020’De Neler Deği̇şti̇? Hippocrates Medical Journal, 3(2), 95–101. Doi: 10.58961/hmj.1312720.
  • 2 Baldo, B. A. (2021). Toxicities of opioid analgesics: respiratory depression, histamine release, hemodynamic changes, hypersensitivity, serotonin toxicity. Archives of Toxicology, 95(8), 2627–2642. Doi: 10.1007/s00204-021-03068-2.
  • 3 Baxter, A., Cohen, L., & Lawson, L. (2011). An Integration of Vibration and Cold Relieves Venipuncture Pain in a Pediatric Emergency Department Pediatric Procedural Sedation View project Same-day injections relate to subsequent needle fear 5 years later View project. Pediatric Emergency Care, 27(12), 1151–1156. Doi: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e318237ace4.
  • 4 Binay, Ş., Bilsin, E., Gerçeker, G., Kahraman, A., & Bal-Yılmaz, H. (2019). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Different Methods of Decreasing Pain During Phlebotomy in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 34(4), 749–756. Doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2018.11.010.
  • 5 Canbulat, N., Ayhan, F., & Inal, S. (2015). Effectiveness of External Cold and Vibration for Procedural Pain Relief During Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation in Pediatric Patients. Pain Management Nursing, 16(1), 33–39. Doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2014.03.003.
  • 6 Chamani, S., Mahmoudzadeh, S., Rezapour, H., & Fereidouni, M. (2021). Frequency of allergic sensitivity to local herbs pollen among medical students in east of iran by use of skin prick test. Alergia Astma Immunologia, 26(1), 27–35.
  • 7 Chan, A. W., Tetzlaff, J. M., Gøtzsche, P. C., Altman, D. G., Mann, H., Berlin, J. A., Dickersin, K., Hróbjartsson, A., Schulz, K. F., Parulekar, W. R., Krleža-Jeric, K., Laupacis, A., & Moher, D. (2013). SPIRIT 2013 explanation and elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials. Bmj, 346, 1–42. Doi:10.1136/bmj.e7586.
  • 8 Chen, Y. J., Cheng, S. F., Lee, P. C., Lai, C. H., Hou, I. C., & Chen, C. W. (2020). Distraction using virtual reality for children during intravenous injections in an emergency department: A randomised trial. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(3–4), 503–510. Doi:10.1111/jocn.15088.
  • 9 Czech, O., Wrzeciono, A., Rutkowska, A., Guzik, A., Kiper, P., & Rutkowski, S. (2021). Virtual reality interventions for needle-related procedural pain, fear and anxiety—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine,10(15),1-13. Doi:10.3390/jcm10153248
  • 10 Dinçer, Ş., Yurtçu, M., & Günel, E. (2011). Yenidoğanlarda Ağrı ve Nonfarmakolojik Tedavi Pain in Newborns and Nonpharmacologic Treatment Procedures. Selçuk Üniv Tıp Dergisi, 27(1), 46–51.
  • 11 Dutucu, N., Özdilek, R., & Acar Bektaş, H. (2022). The effect of virtual reality on pain and anxiety during mammography: A randomized controlled study. Anatolian Journal of Health Research,3(1),1–7. Doi: 10.29228/anatoljhr.53937
  • 12 Erdim, L. (2022). The effect on pain and anxiety levels of using DistrACTION® Cards to distract children during a skin-prick test: a randomized controlled experimental study. Minerva Pediatrics, 74(2). Doi: 10.23736/S27245276.21.06008-0.
  • 13 Halal Mehdi Alfatavi, H., Sadeghi, T., Baqer Hassan Mohammed AL-Dakheel, M., Asadi Noghabi, F., & Sahebkar Moeini, M. (2022). Effects of Whistling Compared with Buzzy Device During Blood Sampling on Pain and Fear in Children’s Emergency Department. Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing, 45(4), 414–424. Doi: 10.1080/24694193.2022.2091683.
  • 14 He, H. G., Jahja, R., Lee, T. L., Ang, E. N. K., Sinnappan, R., Vehviläinen-Julkunen, K., & Chan, M. F. (2010). Nurses’ use of non-pharmacological methods in children’s postoperative pain management: Educational intervention study. Journal of AdvancedNursing, 66(11), 2398–2409. Doi: 10.1111/j.13652648.2010.05402.x
  • 15 Hopewell, S., Chan, A.-W., Collins, G. S., Hróbjartsson, A., Moher, D., Schulz, K. F., … Boutron, I. (2025). CONSORT 2025 statement: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials. The Lancet, 405(10489), 1633–1640. Doi:10.1016/s01406736(25)00672-5.
  • 16 İnal, S., & Canbulat, N. (2015). Çocuklarda Prosedürel Ağrı Yönetiminde Dikkati Başka Yöne Çekme Yöntemlerinin Kullanımı Using of Distraction Methods on Procedural Pain Management of Pediatric Patients. 2(3),372–378. Doi:10.17681/hsp.47420.
  • 17 Kahveci, M., Karabulut, E., Soyer, O., Sahiner, U. M., Buyuktiryaki, B., & Sekerel, B. E. (2020). Fine-tuning the use of a skin prick test device. World Allergy Organization Journal, 13(5),100-122. Doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100122.
  • 18 Koo, C. H., Park, J. W., Ryu, J. H., & Han, S. H. (2020). The effect of virtual reality on preoperative anxiety: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(10), 1–12.Doi: 10.3390/jcm9103151.
  • 19 Lluesma-Vidal, M., González, R. C., García-Garcés, L., Sánchez-López, M. I., Peyro, L., & Ruiz-Zaldibar, C. (2022). Effect of Virtual Reality on Pediatric Pain and Fear During Procedures Involving Needles: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JMIR Serious Games, 10(3), 1–12. Doi: 10.2196/35008.
  • 20 Martirosov, S., Bureš, M., & Zítka, T. (2022). Cyber sickness in low-immersive, semi-immersive, and fully immersive virtual reality. Virtual Reality, 26(1), 15–32. Doi: 10.1007/s10055-021-00507-4.
  • 21 Mathias, E. G., Pai, M. S., Guddattu, V., & Bramhagen, A.-C. (2023). Non-pharmacological interventions to reduce anxiety among children undergoing surgery: A systematic review. Journal of Child Health Care, 27(3), 466–487. Doi:10.1177/13674935211062336.
  • 22 Özalp Gerçeker, G., Ayar, D., Özdemir, Z., & Bektaş, M. (2018). Gaining of Children’s State Anxiety and Children’s Fear Scale to Turkish Language. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 11(1), 9–13.
  • 23 Pena, J. C., Pacheco, J. A., & Marrugo, A. G. (2021). Skin prick test wheal detection in 3D images via convolutional neural networks. 2021 IEEE 2nd International Congress of Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering, CI-IB and BI 2021, C, 4–7. Doi:10.1109/CI-IBBI54220.2021.9626125.
  • 24 Sahin, C., Cinakli, S., Atar Bese, S., Tuncerler, G., Torer, N., Erge, D., & Uysal, P. (2025). The effect of virtual reality on skin prick test-related pain and fear in children: a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Pediatrics, 184(7), 427. Doi:10.1007/s00431-025-06262-x.
  • 25 Şahin, M. (2019). Korku, Kaygı ve Anksiyete Bozuklukları. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi (Asead), 6(10), 117–135.
  • 26 Şahin, M., & Eşer, İ. (2018). Effect of the Buzzy Application on Pain and Injection Satisfaction in Adult Patients Receiving Intramuscular Injections. Pain Management Nursing, 19(6), 645–651. Doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2018.07.009.
  • 27 Semerci, R., Akarsu, Ö., & Kılıç, D. (2023). The effect of buzzy and cold spray on pain, anxiety, and fear of children during venipuncture in pediatric emergency department in Turkey; A randomized controlled study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 68, e1–e7. Doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2022.08.019.
  • 28 Staphorst, M. S., Benninga, M. A., Bisschoff, M., Bon, I., Busschbach, J. J. V, Diederen, K., … Timman, R. (2017). The child ’ s perspective on discomfort during medical research procedures : a descriptive study. 1–8. Doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016077.
  • 29 Stassart, C., & Giebels, K. (2022). Cilt Prick Testi Sırasında Pediatrik Ağrı ve Anksiyete Yönetiminde Sanal Gerçekliğin Etkinliği. 89–102. Doi:10.4236/ojmp.2022.113007.
  • 30 Sülü Uğurlu, E. (2017). Çocuklarda Girişimsel İşlemlerde Nonfarmakolojik Ağrı Giderme Yöntemleri. ACU Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2017(4), 198–201.
  • 31 Szuhany, K., & Simon, N. (2022). Anksiyete Bozuklukları. JAMA, 328(24), 2431–2445. Doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.22744.
  • 32 Tas, F. Q., van Eijk, C. A. M., Staals, L. M., Legerstee, J. S., & Dierckx, B. (2022). Virtual reality in pediatrics, effects on pain and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis update. Paediatric Anaesthesia, 32(12), 1292–1304. Doi:10.1111/pan.14546.
  • 33 Tüfenk, N., & Tural Büyük, E. (2024). Çocuklarda Kan Alma Sırasında Sanal Gerçeklik ve Kaleideskopun Ağrı ve Korkuya Etkisi: Randomize Kontrollü Bir Çalışma. Bezmialem Science, 12(1), 63–70. Doi: 10.14235/bas.galenos.2023.50103.
  • 34 Wang, Y., Guo, L., & Xiong, X. (2022). Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Distraction of Pain, Fear, and Anxiety During Needle-Related Procedures in Children and Adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(April), 1–10. Doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.842847.
  • 35 Wang, Y., Tao, J., Chen, M., Peng, Y., Wu, H., Yan, Z., & Huang, P. (2025). Effects of Virtual Reality on Pain, Anxiety and Fear Among Emergency Department Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Pain Management Nursing, 26(4), e339–e352. Doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2025.01.016.
  • 36 Wei, Q., Sun, R., Liang, Y., & Chen, D. (2024). Virtual reality technology reduces the pain and anxiety of children undergoing vein puncture: a meta-analysis. BMC Nursing, 23(1). Doi:10.1186/s12912-024-02184-5.
  • 37 Wong, D., & Baker, C. (1988). Pain in children: Comparison of Assessment Scales. Pediatr Nurs, 14(1), 9–17.
  • 38 Wu, Y., Chen, J., Ma, W., Guo, L., & Feng, H. (2022). Virtual reality in preoperative preparation of children undergoing general anesthesia: a randomized controlled study. Die Anaesthesiologie, 71(S2), 204–211. Doi:10.1007/s00101-022-01177-w.
  • 39 Yilmaz, G., & Alemdar, D. K. (2019). Using Buzzy, Shotblocker, and Bubble Blowing in a Pediatric Emergency Department to Reduce the Pain and Fear Caused by Intramuscular Injection: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 45(5), 502–511. Doi:10.1016/j.jen.2019.04.003.

Çocuklarda Prick Testi Sırasında Sanal Gerçeklik ve Buzzy® Uygulamasının Ağrı, Korku ve Kaygı Üzerine Etkisi: Randomize Kontrollü Bir Çalışma Protokolü

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 241 - 253, 29.12.2025

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma 7-10 yaş grubu prick testi yapılan çocuklarda sanal gerçeklik (SG) ve Buzzy® uygulamasının ağrı, korku ve kaygı üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla paralel gruplu ön test-son test randomize kontrollü deneysel bir çalışma olarak yürütülecektir.
Yöntem: Bu çalışma randomize kontrollü deneysel bir çalışma olarak tasarlanmıştır. Çalışma, Haziran 2024–Aralık 2025 tarihleri arasında Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Çocuk İmmünolojisi ve Alerjisi Polikliniğinde yürütülecektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, poliklinikte prick testi yapılması uygun görülen 7–10 yaş arası toplam 90 çocuk oluşturacaktır. Veriler "Kişisel Bilgi Formu", "Wong Baker Faces Ağrı Değerlendirme Ölçeği (WB-FACES)", "Çocuk Korku Ölçeği (CFS)” ve Çocuk Kaygı Ölçeği-Durumluluk (CAS-D)" kullanılarak toplanacaktır. Randomizasyon, bilgisayar tarafından üretilen rastgele sayı tablosu kullanılarak yapılacaktır. Randomizasyon tablosuna göre gelen hastalar deney ve kontrol grubuna (deney 1. SG, deney 2. Buzzy® ve kontrol gruplarına) alınacaktır. Deney grubundaki çocuklara SG ve Buzzy® cihazı uygulanarak ağrı korku ve kaygı düzeyleri değerlendirilecektir. SG grubundaki çocuklara uzman görüşü doğrultusunda çocukların seçmiş olduğu akvaryum videosu izletilecek, Buzzy® grubundaki çocuklara arı figürlü titreşimli soğuk uygulama cihazı uygulanacak, kontrol grubundaki çocuklara herhangi bir müdahale yapılmayacaktır. İşlem öncesi deney veya kontrol grubu fark etmeksizin tüm çocuklara; araştırmacı, çocuğun kendisi ve ebeveyni tarafından WB-Faces, CFS ve CAS-D ölçekleri uygulanacaktır. İşlem esnasında çocuklara herhangi bir ölçüm yapılmayacak yalnızca SG ve Buzzy® cihazları uygulanacaktır. İşlem bittikten sonra (ortalama 1 dk içinde) WB-Faces, CFS ve CAS-D ölçekleri tekrar aynı kişiler tarafından bağımsız olarak doldurulacaktır. Uygulama sonrasında her gubun ağrı, korku ve kaygı düzeyleri değerlendirilerek elde edilen veriler istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırılacaktır.
Sonuç: Prick testi yapılan çocuklarda non-farmakolojik yöntemlerden SG ve Buzzy® cihazı kullanımının ağrı, korku ve kaygıyı azaltacağı düşünülmektedir. Minimal invaziv bir işlem olan bu testin oluşturacağı ağrı ve diğer olumsuz sonuçların kolay uygulanabilen ucuz bir yöntemle azaltılacağı düşünüldüğünde; çalışmanın literatüre önemli katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • 1 Aydın, E., Doğan, A., & Bektaş, M. H. (2023). Uluslararasi Ağri Araştirmalari Derneği̇ (IASP) Ağri Tanimini Kli̇ni̇k ve Felsefi̇ Yönden Tartişilmasi: 2020’De Neler Deği̇şti̇? Hippocrates Medical Journal, 3(2), 95–101. Doi: 10.58961/hmj.1312720.
  • 2 Baldo, B. A. (2021). Toxicities of opioid analgesics: respiratory depression, histamine release, hemodynamic changes, hypersensitivity, serotonin toxicity. Archives of Toxicology, 95(8), 2627–2642. Doi: 10.1007/s00204-021-03068-2.
  • 3 Baxter, A., Cohen, L., & Lawson, L. (2011). An Integration of Vibration and Cold Relieves Venipuncture Pain in a Pediatric Emergency Department Pediatric Procedural Sedation View project Same-day injections relate to subsequent needle fear 5 years later View project. Pediatric Emergency Care, 27(12), 1151–1156. Doi: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e318237ace4.
  • 4 Binay, Ş., Bilsin, E., Gerçeker, G., Kahraman, A., & Bal-Yılmaz, H. (2019). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Different Methods of Decreasing Pain During Phlebotomy in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 34(4), 749–756. Doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2018.11.010.
  • 5 Canbulat, N., Ayhan, F., & Inal, S. (2015). Effectiveness of External Cold and Vibration for Procedural Pain Relief During Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation in Pediatric Patients. Pain Management Nursing, 16(1), 33–39. Doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2014.03.003.
  • 6 Chamani, S., Mahmoudzadeh, S., Rezapour, H., & Fereidouni, M. (2021). Frequency of allergic sensitivity to local herbs pollen among medical students in east of iran by use of skin prick test. Alergia Astma Immunologia, 26(1), 27–35.
  • 7 Chan, A. W., Tetzlaff, J. M., Gøtzsche, P. C., Altman, D. G., Mann, H., Berlin, J. A., Dickersin, K., Hróbjartsson, A., Schulz, K. F., Parulekar, W. R., Krleža-Jeric, K., Laupacis, A., & Moher, D. (2013). SPIRIT 2013 explanation and elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials. Bmj, 346, 1–42. Doi:10.1136/bmj.e7586.
  • 8 Chen, Y. J., Cheng, S. F., Lee, P. C., Lai, C. H., Hou, I. C., & Chen, C. W. (2020). Distraction using virtual reality for children during intravenous injections in an emergency department: A randomised trial. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(3–4), 503–510. Doi:10.1111/jocn.15088.
  • 9 Czech, O., Wrzeciono, A., Rutkowska, A., Guzik, A., Kiper, P., & Rutkowski, S. (2021). Virtual reality interventions for needle-related procedural pain, fear and anxiety—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine,10(15),1-13. Doi:10.3390/jcm10153248
  • 10 Dinçer, Ş., Yurtçu, M., & Günel, E. (2011). Yenidoğanlarda Ağrı ve Nonfarmakolojik Tedavi Pain in Newborns and Nonpharmacologic Treatment Procedures. Selçuk Üniv Tıp Dergisi, 27(1), 46–51.
  • 11 Dutucu, N., Özdilek, R., & Acar Bektaş, H. (2022). The effect of virtual reality on pain and anxiety during mammography: A randomized controlled study. Anatolian Journal of Health Research,3(1),1–7. Doi: 10.29228/anatoljhr.53937
  • 12 Erdim, L. (2022). The effect on pain and anxiety levels of using DistrACTION® Cards to distract children during a skin-prick test: a randomized controlled experimental study. Minerva Pediatrics, 74(2). Doi: 10.23736/S27245276.21.06008-0.
  • 13 Halal Mehdi Alfatavi, H., Sadeghi, T., Baqer Hassan Mohammed AL-Dakheel, M., Asadi Noghabi, F., & Sahebkar Moeini, M. (2022). Effects of Whistling Compared with Buzzy Device During Blood Sampling on Pain and Fear in Children’s Emergency Department. Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing, 45(4), 414–424. Doi: 10.1080/24694193.2022.2091683.
  • 14 He, H. G., Jahja, R., Lee, T. L., Ang, E. N. K., Sinnappan, R., Vehviläinen-Julkunen, K., & Chan, M. F. (2010). Nurses’ use of non-pharmacological methods in children’s postoperative pain management: Educational intervention study. Journal of AdvancedNursing, 66(11), 2398–2409. Doi: 10.1111/j.13652648.2010.05402.x
  • 15 Hopewell, S., Chan, A.-W., Collins, G. S., Hróbjartsson, A., Moher, D., Schulz, K. F., … Boutron, I. (2025). CONSORT 2025 statement: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials. The Lancet, 405(10489), 1633–1640. Doi:10.1016/s01406736(25)00672-5.
  • 16 İnal, S., & Canbulat, N. (2015). Çocuklarda Prosedürel Ağrı Yönetiminde Dikkati Başka Yöne Çekme Yöntemlerinin Kullanımı Using of Distraction Methods on Procedural Pain Management of Pediatric Patients. 2(3),372–378. Doi:10.17681/hsp.47420.
  • 17 Kahveci, M., Karabulut, E., Soyer, O., Sahiner, U. M., Buyuktiryaki, B., & Sekerel, B. E. (2020). Fine-tuning the use of a skin prick test device. World Allergy Organization Journal, 13(5),100-122. Doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100122.
  • 18 Koo, C. H., Park, J. W., Ryu, J. H., & Han, S. H. (2020). The effect of virtual reality on preoperative anxiety: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(10), 1–12.Doi: 10.3390/jcm9103151.
  • 19 Lluesma-Vidal, M., González, R. C., García-Garcés, L., Sánchez-López, M. I., Peyro, L., & Ruiz-Zaldibar, C. (2022). Effect of Virtual Reality on Pediatric Pain and Fear During Procedures Involving Needles: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JMIR Serious Games, 10(3), 1–12. Doi: 10.2196/35008.
  • 20 Martirosov, S., Bureš, M., & Zítka, T. (2022). Cyber sickness in low-immersive, semi-immersive, and fully immersive virtual reality. Virtual Reality, 26(1), 15–32. Doi: 10.1007/s10055-021-00507-4.
  • 21 Mathias, E. G., Pai, M. S., Guddattu, V., & Bramhagen, A.-C. (2023). Non-pharmacological interventions to reduce anxiety among children undergoing surgery: A systematic review. Journal of Child Health Care, 27(3), 466–487. Doi:10.1177/13674935211062336.
  • 22 Özalp Gerçeker, G., Ayar, D., Özdemir, Z., & Bektaş, M. (2018). Gaining of Children’s State Anxiety and Children’s Fear Scale to Turkish Language. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 11(1), 9–13.
  • 23 Pena, J. C., Pacheco, J. A., & Marrugo, A. G. (2021). Skin prick test wheal detection in 3D images via convolutional neural networks. 2021 IEEE 2nd International Congress of Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering, CI-IB and BI 2021, C, 4–7. Doi:10.1109/CI-IBBI54220.2021.9626125.
  • 24 Sahin, C., Cinakli, S., Atar Bese, S., Tuncerler, G., Torer, N., Erge, D., & Uysal, P. (2025). The effect of virtual reality on skin prick test-related pain and fear in children: a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Pediatrics, 184(7), 427. Doi:10.1007/s00431-025-06262-x.
  • 25 Şahin, M. (2019). Korku, Kaygı ve Anksiyete Bozuklukları. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi (Asead), 6(10), 117–135.
  • 26 Şahin, M., & Eşer, İ. (2018). Effect of the Buzzy Application on Pain and Injection Satisfaction in Adult Patients Receiving Intramuscular Injections. Pain Management Nursing, 19(6), 645–651. Doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2018.07.009.
  • 27 Semerci, R., Akarsu, Ö., & Kılıç, D. (2023). The effect of buzzy and cold spray on pain, anxiety, and fear of children during venipuncture in pediatric emergency department in Turkey; A randomized controlled study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 68, e1–e7. Doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2022.08.019.
  • 28 Staphorst, M. S., Benninga, M. A., Bisschoff, M., Bon, I., Busschbach, J. J. V, Diederen, K., … Timman, R. (2017). The child ’ s perspective on discomfort during medical research procedures : a descriptive study. 1–8. Doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016077.
  • 29 Stassart, C., & Giebels, K. (2022). Cilt Prick Testi Sırasında Pediatrik Ağrı ve Anksiyete Yönetiminde Sanal Gerçekliğin Etkinliği. 89–102. Doi:10.4236/ojmp.2022.113007.
  • 30 Sülü Uğurlu, E. (2017). Çocuklarda Girişimsel İşlemlerde Nonfarmakolojik Ağrı Giderme Yöntemleri. ACU Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2017(4), 198–201.
  • 31 Szuhany, K., & Simon, N. (2022). Anksiyete Bozuklukları. JAMA, 328(24), 2431–2445. Doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.22744.
  • 32 Tas, F. Q., van Eijk, C. A. M., Staals, L. M., Legerstee, J. S., & Dierckx, B. (2022). Virtual reality in pediatrics, effects on pain and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis update. Paediatric Anaesthesia, 32(12), 1292–1304. Doi:10.1111/pan.14546.
  • 33 Tüfenk, N., & Tural Büyük, E. (2024). Çocuklarda Kan Alma Sırasında Sanal Gerçeklik ve Kaleideskopun Ağrı ve Korkuya Etkisi: Randomize Kontrollü Bir Çalışma. Bezmialem Science, 12(1), 63–70. Doi: 10.14235/bas.galenos.2023.50103.
  • 34 Wang, Y., Guo, L., & Xiong, X. (2022). Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Distraction of Pain, Fear, and Anxiety During Needle-Related Procedures in Children and Adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(April), 1–10. Doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.842847.
  • 35 Wang, Y., Tao, J., Chen, M., Peng, Y., Wu, H., Yan, Z., & Huang, P. (2025). Effects of Virtual Reality on Pain, Anxiety and Fear Among Emergency Department Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Pain Management Nursing, 26(4), e339–e352. Doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2025.01.016.
  • 36 Wei, Q., Sun, R., Liang, Y., & Chen, D. (2024). Virtual reality technology reduces the pain and anxiety of children undergoing vein puncture: a meta-analysis. BMC Nursing, 23(1). Doi:10.1186/s12912-024-02184-5.
  • 37 Wong, D., & Baker, C. (1988). Pain in children: Comparison of Assessment Scales. Pediatr Nurs, 14(1), 9–17.
  • 38 Wu, Y., Chen, J., Ma, W., Guo, L., & Feng, H. (2022). Virtual reality in preoperative preparation of children undergoing general anesthesia: a randomized controlled study. Die Anaesthesiologie, 71(S2), 204–211. Doi:10.1007/s00101-022-01177-w.
  • 39 Yilmaz, G., & Alemdar, D. K. (2019). Using Buzzy, Shotblocker, and Bubble Blowing in a Pediatric Emergency Department to Reduce the Pain and Fear Caused by Intramuscular Injection: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 45(5), 502–511. Doi:10.1016/j.jen.2019.04.003.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Sistemleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Funda Gürbüz

Emine Geçkil 0000-0003-3947-2850

Şükrü Güner 0000-0002-8860-6132

Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 5 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Gürbüz, F., Geçkil, E., & Güner, Ş. (2025). Çocuklarda Prick Testi Sırasında Sanal Gerçeklik ve Buzzy® Uygulamasının Ağrı, Korku ve Kaygı Üzerine Etkisi: Randomize Kontrollü Bir Çalışma Protokolü. Güncel Hemşirelik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(3), 241-253.

Güncel Hemşirelik Araştırmaları Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.