Dördüncü Sınıf İlkokul Çocuklarında Vücut Kitle İndeksi, Görme Keskinliği ve Skolyoz Arasındaki İlişki: Okul Tabanlı Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Çocukluk çağı obezitesi, yalnızca metabolik sağlık açısından değil, görme ve kas-iskelet sistemi sağlığı açısından da önemli sonuçlarla ilişkili olabilen önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Okul çağı çocuklarında bu sağlık sorunlarının erken dönemde belirlenmesi, uygun izlem ve müdahalelerin planlanması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma, ilkokul çocuklarında vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ), görme keskinliği ve skolyoz tarama sonuçları arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçlamıştır.

Yöntem: Bu kesitsel, okul tabanlı sağlık tarama çalışması, Türkiye'nin Konya ili Selçuklu ilçesindeki dört okulda öğrenim gören 1.017 ilkokul öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. VKİ hesaplaması için antropometrik ölçümler yapılmış, görme keskinliği standart görme tarama testleri ile, skolyoz ise Adams öne eğilme testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Veriler, tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Pearson ki-kare testi, olabilirlik oranı ki-kare testi ve bağımsız örneklem t-testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Düşük görme keskinliği prevalansı, VKİ kategorileri yükseldikçe anlamlı olarak artmıştır (p<0,001). Obez çocukların %9,8'inde pozitif skolyoz tarama bulguları gözlemlenmiş olup, bu oran normal kilolu akranlarına kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Obez çocuklarda düşük görme keskinliği ve pozitif skolyoz tarama bulgularının, obez olmayan öğrencilere kıyasla daha yüksek oranda görüldüğü belirlenmiştir.

Sonuç: Daha yüksek VKİ kategorileri, daha düşük görme keskinliği ve daha olumsuz skolyoz tarama bulguları ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Okul temelli tarama programları, obeziteyle ilişkili sağlık sorunlarının erken teşhisinde kritik bir rol oynayabilir. Rutin antropometrik ve kas-iskelet sistemi değerlendirmelerinin okul sağlığı hizmetlerine entegre edilmesi, erken müdahale ve önleme stratejilerini destekleyebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çocukluk Çağı Obezitesi
• Okul Sağlığı
• Skolyoz
• Ilkokul Öğrencileri
• Görme Taraması.

Etik Beyan

Bir üniversitenin Bilimsel Araştırma Etik Kurulu’ndan izin alınmıştır (Toplantı No: 2025/05, Karar No: 2025/66, Toplantı Tarihi: 25 Mayıs 2025).

Association Between Body Mass Index, Visual Acuity, and Scoliosis among Fourth-Grade Primary School Children: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Öz

Objective: Childhood obesity is an important public health problem that may have significant implications not only for metabolic health but also for visual and musculoskeletal health. Early identification of these health problems in school-aged children is important for planning appropriate follow-up and interventions. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), visual acuity, and scoliosis screening outcomes among primary school children.

Methods: This cross-sectional, school-based health screening study was conducted with 1,017 primary school students attending four schools in the Selçuklu district of Konya Province, Türkiye. BMI was calculated from anthropometric measurements. Visual acuity was assessed using standard vision screening tests, whereas scoliosis was evaluated using the Adams forward bend test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi-square test, the likelihood-ratio chi-square test, and the independent-samples t-test.

Results: The prevalence of low visual acuity significantly increased with higher BMI categories (p < 0.001). Positive scoliosis screening findings were observed in 9.8% of children with obesity, and this proportion was significantly higher than that among normal-weight peers (p < 0.001). Obese children were found to have higher proportions of low visual acuity and positive scoliosis screening findings compared with non-obese students.

Conclusion: Higher BMI categories were associated with less favorable visual acuity and scoliosis screening findings. School-based screening programs may play a critical role in the early detection of obesity-related health problems. Integrating routine anthropometric and musculoskeletal assessments into school health services may support early intervention and prevention strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Childhood Obesity
• School Health
• Scoliosis
• Primary School Students
• Vision Screening.

Etik Beyan

Permission was obtained from a university's Scientific Research Ethics Committee (Meeting No.: 2025/05, Decision No.: 2025/66, Meeting Date: May 25, 2025).

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