Nursing Students’ Awareness of Women’s Gender and Gender-Related Issues: A Qualitative Study
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 128 - 140, 31.08.2025
Tenzile Türkmen
,
Ceyda Gelen
,
Ayşe Deliktaş Demirci
Öz
Aim: This study aims to identify the knowledge and awareness of nursing undergraduate students regarding women's gender and gender-related issues after completing the Women's Health and Diseases Nursing course within their curriculum and to explore the personal and professional impacts of this awareness.
Method: The study was designed as a descriptive qualitative research. The participants were consisted of 20 male and female students enrolled in the Women's Health and Diseases Nursing course at Akdeniz University during the 2023-2024 academic year. Data were collected through semi-structured forms and face-to-face interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.
Results: It was determined that nursing students' awareness of women's sex and gender shaped the themes of "concerns," "gains," and "care behaviors." The students stated that they felt anxious due to secondary trauma, concerns related to being a woman (female students), and perceived risks about the future. Additionally, they noted gains such as empathy specific to "being a woman," self-management and motivation regarding health, consciously structuring their relationships, and advocating for women on issues of sex and gender in society. They stated that their care behaviors included more empathy, that they displayed sensitive care with the awareness that they were a vulnerable group, and that they developed care behaviors aimed at empowering women.
Conclusion: This study showed that the awareness nursing students gain through undergraduate nursing education regarding issues of women’s sex and gender can contribute to their personal and professional development. It is recommended that the experienced concerns be addressed in research and educational processes.
Proje Numarası
2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programı (2023 yılı-2. dönem) No: 1919B012334455
Kaynakça
-
1 Aliri, J., Prego‐Jimenez, S., Goñi‐Balentziaga, O., Pereda‐Pereda, E., Perez‐Tejada, J., & Labaka Etxeberria, A. (2022). Gender awareness is also nurses' business: Measuring sensitivity and role ideology towards patients. Journal of Nursing Management, 30(8), 4409-4418. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13866
-
2 Aujoulat, I., Marcolongo, R., Bonadiman, L., & Deccache, A. (2008). Reconsidering patient empowerment in chronic illness: a critique of models of self-efficacy and bodily control. Social Science & Medicine, 66(5), 1228-1239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.11.034.
-
3 Avcıbay, B., Köroğlu, C. O., Yamurluklu, S. B., & Sürücü, Ş. G. (2021). Ebelik ve hemşirelik öğrencilerinin gebelik öncesi doğum korkularını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 14(4), 413-422. https://doi.org/10.46483/deuhfed.895696
-
4 Aydın, M., Bekar, E. Ö., Gören, Ş. Y., & Sungur, M. A. (2016). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumları. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(1), 223-242. https://doi.org/10.11616/basbed.vi.455842
-
5 Aykan, E., & Doğan, S. (2024). Empowerment in nursing by systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis methods. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 33-49. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1228846
-
6 Benjamin, L. S., Shanmugam, S. R., Karavasileiadou, S., Hamdi, Y. S. A., Moussa, S. F., & Gouda, A. D. K. (2024). Facilitators and barriers for advocacy among nurses-a cross-sectional study. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing (MJN), 16(1), 178-188. https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2024.v16i01.018
-
7 Bradshaw, C., Atkinson, S., & Doody, O. (2017). Employing a qualitative description approach in health care research. Global Qualitative Nursing Research, 4, 2333393617742282. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333393617742282
-
8 Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
-
9 Brickley, B., Williams, L. T., Morgan, M., Ross, A., Trigger, K., & Ball, L. (2021). Putting patients first: development of a patient advocate and general practitioner-informed model of patient-centred care. BMC Health Services Research, 21, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06273-y
-
10 Bride, B. E. (2007). Prevalence of secondary traumatic stress among social workers. Social Work, 52(1), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/52.1.63
-
11 Caballero, S. T., Hernáez, V. C., Espada, A. Á., & Bruna, M. M. O. (2022). Gender roles and women’s mental health: their influence on the demand for psychological care. Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology, 38(1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.450331
-
12 Davoodvand, S., Abbaszadeh, A., & Ahmadi, F. (2016). Patient advocacy from the clinical nurses' viewpoint: a qualitative study. Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, 9, 5.
-
13 Dikbaş, Ş. K., & Uzun, Ş. (2024). The relationship between secondary traumatic stress level and perceived caring behaviors among nursing students. Medical Science and Discovery, 11(4), 119-130. https://doi.org/10.36472/msd.v11i4.1143
-
14 Durgun, S. K., & Ulaş, S. C. (2019). Ebelik/hemşirelik öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumlarinin belirlenmesi. Medical Sciences, 14(2), 93-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.12739/NWSA.2019.14.2.1B0069
-
15 Gattino, S., De Piccoli, N., Grosso, M., Miozzo, S., Tanturri, G., & Rollero, C. (2020). Awareness of gender medicine among family doctors. A field investigation. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 48(2), 147-160. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2019.1624354
-
16 Gökşin, İ., & Erzincanlı, S. (2020). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine yönelik tutumları ile bakım davranışları arasındaki ilişki. Turkiye Klinikleri Hemşirelik Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(1), 49-55.
https://doi.org/ 10.5336/nurses.2019-66259
-
17 Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1982). Epistemological and methodological bases of naturalistic inquiry. ECTJ, 30(4), 233-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02765185
-
18 Gürkan, A., & Yalçıner, N. (2017). Sağlık çalışanlarında ikincil travmatik stres. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 90-95.
-
19 Hosein, G., Basdeo-Gobin, T., & Gény, L. R. (2020). Gender mainstreaming in national sustainable development planning in the Caribbean (No. 45086). Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
-
20 Hung, C. A., Wu, P. L., Liu, N. Y., Hsu, W. Y., Lee, B. O., & Pai, H. C. (2019). The effect of gender‐friendliness barriers on perceived image in nursing and caring behaviour among male nursing students. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(9-10), 1465-1472. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14693
-
21 Hwang, Y. H., & Park, S. J. (2020). The effects of empathy and self concept on problem solving: Focusing on the mediating effect of communication of nursing students. The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education, 26(4), 348-356. https://doi.org/10.5977/jkasne.2020.26.4.348
-
22 Lindsay, S., & Kolne, K. (2020). The training needs for gender-sensitive care in a pediatric rehabilitation hospital: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Education, 20, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02384-y
-
23 Liu, C., & Wang, L. (2020). A formative assessment of gender awareness and ability of staff based on the service programs of the All-China Women's Federation: The case of the “3861 My Home” program. Evaluation and Program Planning, 78, 101732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2019.101732
-
24 Mauvais-Jarvis, F., Merz, N. B., Barnes, P. J., Brinton, R. D., Carrero, J. J., DeMeo, D. L., ... & Suzuki, A. (2020). Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine. The Lancet, 396(10250), 565-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31561-0
-
25 Mayer, K. A., Linehan, K. J., & MacMillan, N. K. (2022). Student perspectives on potential sources of trauma exposure during nursing school. Nursing Forum, 57(5), 833-842. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12728
-
26 Moudatsou, M., Stavropoulou, A., Philalithis, A., & Koukouli, S. (2020). The role of empathy in health and social care professionals. Healthcare, 8(26), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8010026
-
27 Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42, 533-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
-
28 Patwardhan, V., Gil, G. F., Arrieta, A., Cagney, J., DeGraw, E., Herbert, M. E., ... & Flor, L. S. (2024). Differences across the lifespan between females and males in the top 20 causes of disease burden globally: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet Public Health, 9(5), e282-e294. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00053-7
-
29 Rizkianti, A., Afifah, T., Saptarini, I., & Rakhmadi, M. F. (2020). Women's decision-making autonomy in the household and the use of maternal health services: an Indonesian case study. Midwifery, 90, 102816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2020.102816
-
30 Rüzgar, E. (2021). Kadın hastalıkları ve doğum hemşireliği dersi alan ve almayan hemşirelik öğrencilerinde gebelik öncesi doğum korkusunun incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Afyonkarahisar Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Afyon.
-
31 Siller, H., Komlenac, N., Fink, H., Perkhofer, S., & Hochleitner, M. (2018). Promoting gender in medical and allied health professions education: Influence on students' gender awareness. Health Care for Women International, 39(9), 1056-1072. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2017.1395881
-
32 Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J. (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(6), 349-357. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042
-
33 Verdonk, P., Benschop, Y. W., De Haes, H. C., & Lagro-Janssen, T. L. (2009). From gender bias to gender awareness in medical education. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 14, 135-152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-008-9100-z
Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Kadının Cinsiyet ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Sorunlarına İlişkin Farkındalıkları: Nitel Bir Çalışma
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 128 - 140, 31.08.2025
Tenzile Türkmen
,
Ceyda Gelen
,
Ayşe Deliktaş Demirci
Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışma, hemşirelik lisans öğrencilerinin müfredatları kapsamında aldıkları Kadın Doğum ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği dersi sonrasında kadının cinsiyet ve toplumsal cinsiyet sorunlarına ilişkin bilgi ve farkındalıkları ile bu farkındalığın kişisel ve mesleki etkileri tanımlamayı amaçlamıştır.
Yöntem: Çalışmanın deseni tanımlayıcı nitel araştırmadır. Katılımcılar, 2023-2024 eğitim ve öğretim yılında Akdeniz Üniversitesi 3. sınıf Kadın Doğum ve Hastalıları Hemşireliği dersini alan 20 kadın ve erkek öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama sürecinde yarı yapılandırılmış formlar kullanılmış ve yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Tematik analiz ile veriler analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Öğrenci hemşirelerin kadının cinsiyet ve toplumsal cinsiyetine ilişkin farkındalıklarının “kaygılar”, “kazanımlar” ve “bakım davranışları” temalarını şekillendirdiği belirlenmiştir. Öğrenciler; sekonder travma, kadın olmaya ilişkin endişeleri (kadın öğrenciler) ve geleceğe ilişkin risk algıları nedeni ile kaygılandıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca bu süreçte “kadın olma”ya özgü empati, sağlık öz-yönetimi ve motivasyonu, ilişkilerini bilinçli şekilde yapılandırma ve toplumda toplumsal cinsiyet ve cinsiyet konularında kadının savunucusu olma gibi kazanımlarının olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Bakım davranışlarının ise daha fazla empati içerdiği, incinebilir grup olduğunun bilinci ile duyarlı bakım sergiledikleri ve kadını güçlendirmeyi hedefleyen bakım davranışları geliştirdiklerini ifade etmişlerdir.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, hemşirelik lisans eğitimi ile öğrencilere kazandırılan kadının cinsiyet ve toplumsal cinsiyet sorunlarına ilişkin farkındalığın öğrencilerin bireysel ve mesleki gelişimlerine katkı sağlayabileceğini göstermiştir. Deneyimlenen kaygıların ise araştırma ve eğitim süreçlerinde ele alınması önerilmektedir.
Etik Beyan
Araştırmanın yürütülebilmesi içinAkdeniz Üniversitesi Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu tarafından onay (Tarih: 25.04.2024, Karar No: TBAEK-295) ve çalışmanın yürütüldüğü kurumdan yazılı izin alınmıştır.
Destekleyen Kurum
TÜBİTAK
Proje Numarası
2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programı (2023 yılı-2. dönem) No: 1919B012334455
Kaynakça
-
1 Aliri, J., Prego‐Jimenez, S., Goñi‐Balentziaga, O., Pereda‐Pereda, E., Perez‐Tejada, J., & Labaka Etxeberria, A. (2022). Gender awareness is also nurses' business: Measuring sensitivity and role ideology towards patients. Journal of Nursing Management, 30(8), 4409-4418. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13866
-
2 Aujoulat, I., Marcolongo, R., Bonadiman, L., & Deccache, A. (2008). Reconsidering patient empowerment in chronic illness: a critique of models of self-efficacy and bodily control. Social Science & Medicine, 66(5), 1228-1239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.11.034.
-
3 Avcıbay, B., Köroğlu, C. O., Yamurluklu, S. B., & Sürücü, Ş. G. (2021). Ebelik ve hemşirelik öğrencilerinin gebelik öncesi doğum korkularını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 14(4), 413-422. https://doi.org/10.46483/deuhfed.895696
-
4 Aydın, M., Bekar, E. Ö., Gören, Ş. Y., & Sungur, M. A. (2016). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumları. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(1), 223-242. https://doi.org/10.11616/basbed.vi.455842
-
5 Aykan, E., & Doğan, S. (2024). Empowerment in nursing by systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis methods. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 33-49. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1228846
-
6 Benjamin, L. S., Shanmugam, S. R., Karavasileiadou, S., Hamdi, Y. S. A., Moussa, S. F., & Gouda, A. D. K. (2024). Facilitators and barriers for advocacy among nurses-a cross-sectional study. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing (MJN), 16(1), 178-188. https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2024.v16i01.018
-
7 Bradshaw, C., Atkinson, S., & Doody, O. (2017). Employing a qualitative description approach in health care research. Global Qualitative Nursing Research, 4, 2333393617742282. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333393617742282
-
8 Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
-
9 Brickley, B., Williams, L. T., Morgan, M., Ross, A., Trigger, K., & Ball, L. (2021). Putting patients first: development of a patient advocate and general practitioner-informed model of patient-centred care. BMC Health Services Research, 21, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06273-y
-
10 Bride, B. E. (2007). Prevalence of secondary traumatic stress among social workers. Social Work, 52(1), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/52.1.63
-
11 Caballero, S. T., Hernáez, V. C., Espada, A. Á., & Bruna, M. M. O. (2022). Gender roles and women’s mental health: their influence on the demand for psychological care. Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology, 38(1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.450331
-
12 Davoodvand, S., Abbaszadeh, A., & Ahmadi, F. (2016). Patient advocacy from the clinical nurses' viewpoint: a qualitative study. Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, 9, 5.
-
13 Dikbaş, Ş. K., & Uzun, Ş. (2024). The relationship between secondary traumatic stress level and perceived caring behaviors among nursing students. Medical Science and Discovery, 11(4), 119-130. https://doi.org/10.36472/msd.v11i4.1143
-
14 Durgun, S. K., & Ulaş, S. C. (2019). Ebelik/hemşirelik öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumlarinin belirlenmesi. Medical Sciences, 14(2), 93-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.12739/NWSA.2019.14.2.1B0069
-
15 Gattino, S., De Piccoli, N., Grosso, M., Miozzo, S., Tanturri, G., & Rollero, C. (2020). Awareness of gender medicine among family doctors. A field investigation. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 48(2), 147-160. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2019.1624354
-
16 Gökşin, İ., & Erzincanlı, S. (2020). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine yönelik tutumları ile bakım davranışları arasındaki ilişki. Turkiye Klinikleri Hemşirelik Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(1), 49-55.
https://doi.org/ 10.5336/nurses.2019-66259
-
17 Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1982). Epistemological and methodological bases of naturalistic inquiry. ECTJ, 30(4), 233-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02765185
-
18 Gürkan, A., & Yalçıner, N. (2017). Sağlık çalışanlarında ikincil travmatik stres. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 90-95.
-
19 Hosein, G., Basdeo-Gobin, T., & Gény, L. R. (2020). Gender mainstreaming in national sustainable development planning in the Caribbean (No. 45086). Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
-
20 Hung, C. A., Wu, P. L., Liu, N. Y., Hsu, W. Y., Lee, B. O., & Pai, H. C. (2019). The effect of gender‐friendliness barriers on perceived image in nursing and caring behaviour among male nursing students. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(9-10), 1465-1472. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14693
-
21 Hwang, Y. H., & Park, S. J. (2020). The effects of empathy and self concept on problem solving: Focusing on the mediating effect of communication of nursing students. The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education, 26(4), 348-356. https://doi.org/10.5977/jkasne.2020.26.4.348
-
22 Lindsay, S., & Kolne, K. (2020). The training needs for gender-sensitive care in a pediatric rehabilitation hospital: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Education, 20, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02384-y
-
23 Liu, C., & Wang, L. (2020). A formative assessment of gender awareness and ability of staff based on the service programs of the All-China Women's Federation: The case of the “3861 My Home” program. Evaluation and Program Planning, 78, 101732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2019.101732
-
24 Mauvais-Jarvis, F., Merz, N. B., Barnes, P. J., Brinton, R. D., Carrero, J. J., DeMeo, D. L., ... & Suzuki, A. (2020). Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine. The Lancet, 396(10250), 565-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31561-0
-
25 Mayer, K. A., Linehan, K. J., & MacMillan, N. K. (2022). Student perspectives on potential sources of trauma exposure during nursing school. Nursing Forum, 57(5), 833-842. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12728
-
26 Moudatsou, M., Stavropoulou, A., Philalithis, A., & Koukouli, S. (2020). The role of empathy in health and social care professionals. Healthcare, 8(26), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8010026
-
27 Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42, 533-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
-
28 Patwardhan, V., Gil, G. F., Arrieta, A., Cagney, J., DeGraw, E., Herbert, M. E., ... & Flor, L. S. (2024). Differences across the lifespan between females and males in the top 20 causes of disease burden globally: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet Public Health, 9(5), e282-e294. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00053-7
-
29 Rizkianti, A., Afifah, T., Saptarini, I., & Rakhmadi, M. F. (2020). Women's decision-making autonomy in the household and the use of maternal health services: an Indonesian case study. Midwifery, 90, 102816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2020.102816
-
30 Rüzgar, E. (2021). Kadın hastalıkları ve doğum hemşireliği dersi alan ve almayan hemşirelik öğrencilerinde gebelik öncesi doğum korkusunun incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Afyonkarahisar Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Afyon.
-
31 Siller, H., Komlenac, N., Fink, H., Perkhofer, S., & Hochleitner, M. (2018). Promoting gender in medical and allied health professions education: Influence on students' gender awareness. Health Care for Women International, 39(9), 1056-1072. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2017.1395881
-
32 Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J. (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(6), 349-357. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042
-
33 Verdonk, P., Benschop, Y. W., De Haes, H. C., & Lagro-Janssen, T. L. (2009). From gender bias to gender awareness in medical education. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 14, 135-152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-008-9100-z