Kentsel Aktivitenin Ölçülmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 355 - 376, 31.03.2021

Özgün Balaban

Öz

Kentsel planlama ve tasarımların başarılı olmaları için planlamacıların kamusal alanları kullananlar ve kullanım durumları hakkında varsayımlarda bulunmasını gerektirir. Bu nedenle, şehir planlamacılarının kentsel alanlarda meydana gelen etkinlikleri kaydetmeleri ve ölçmeleri gerekir. Geleneksel olarak, planlamacılar kentsel etkinlikleri yakalamak için anketler ve gözlemler kullanıyorlardı. Bununla beraber, teknolojik gelişmelerle birlikte, şehir planlamacıları daha uzun zaman ve daha geniş mekânları kapsayan mekânsal-zamansal verilere erişebilmeye başladılar. Bu incelemede kentsel aktivitenin kaydedilebilmesi için kullanılabilecek yöntemler beş başlıkta toplanmıştır: geleneksel yöntemler, araştırmacılar tarafından yerleştirilen sensörler tarafından kaydedilen yöntemler, kullanıcılar tarafından sensörlerin taşınmasıyla kaydedilen yöntemler, akıllı telefonlarla kaydedilen yöntemler ve büyük veri yöntemleri. Tartışılan yöntemler, kentsel aktivitenin kaydedilmesi için büyük potansiyel taşımasına rağmen gizlilik sorunları, örneklem kısıtlaması, bağlamın bilinmemesi ve teknik altyapı ihtiyacı gibi zorlukları barındırmaktadır. Bu yöntemlerden başarılı bir şekilde yararlanabilmek için verinin doğruluğunu iyileştirilmesi, bağlamı çıkarımsamak için değişik yöntemleri birleştirilmesi, teknik altyapı oluşturabilmek için değişik işbirlikleri yapılması ya da verinin hazır olarak satın alınması gibi daha fazla çabaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Büyük veri, Kanıta dayalı kentsel planlama, Veri toplama, Kentsel Aktivitenin Ölçülmesi

Measuring Urban Activities

Öz

Successful urban planning and design projects require planners to make assumptions about users and use cases for urban spaces. Therefore, urban planners need to capture activities that happened in the urban spaces. Traditionally, planners relied on surveys and observation to capture urban activities. However, with technological advances, urban planners can access spatiotemporal data covering longer periods of time and space. In this paper, we reviewed the methods that can be used to measure urban activities under five sections: traditional methods, measuring with the sensors installed by surveyors, measuring with the sensors carried by participants, smartphone as sensors and big data. Although the methods discussed have great potential for recording urban activity, they have difficulties such as privacy issues, sampling limitations, lack of knowledge of the context and the need for technical infrastructure. In order to benefit from these methods successfully, more efforts are needed such as improving the accuracy of the data, combining different methods to infer the context, making different collaborations to create technical infrastructure or purchasing the data readily.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Big data, Evidence Informed Urban Planning and Design, Data collection, Measuring urban activity

Kaynakça

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