Qualitative Analysis of Consumer’s Responses to Mobile Push Notifications and Its Relationship with Impulsive Purchasing

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 62 - 96, 27.09.2024

Eren Temel

Öz

Purpose: This study explores various aspects of consumer experiences related to instant notifications sent by online shopping platforms to consumers' smartphones and their potential relationship with impulsive buying behaviors.
Methodology: Primary data were obtained from 17 participants accessed through purposive sampling within the framework of qualitative research methodology. Data from participants were collected via structured interviews using a structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed under the framework of descriptive analysis, focusing on specific themes.
Findings: The findings from the analysis indicated that factors such as the content, level of personalization, timing, and frequency of instant notifications sent by online shopping platforms significantly influence users' attitudes toward these notifications. Participants who responded positively to the notifications exhibited tendencies towards impulsive buying.
Implications: Based on the study’s findings, it is understood that well-designed, timely, and appropriately frequent instant notifications from online shopping applications can influence consumers' purchase decisions, potentially leading to impulsive buying behaviors and shaping users' overall shopping attitudes. These results are believed to contribute to the literature and online shopping practices by offering insights into how notifications can impact consumer behavior.
Limitations: It should be noted that the study's findings and conclusions are based on qualitative research methodology, utilizing data obtained from a study group of 17 individuals. Therefore, evaluations based on these findings are limited to the scope of this participant sample.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Impulsive Purchasing, Online Shopping, Push Notifications, Qualitative Analysis, Smartphone

Tüketicilerin Mobil Anlık Bildirimlere Tepkileri ve İmpulsif Satın Alma ile İlişkisinin Nitel Analizi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, online alışveriş platformlarının akıllı cep telefonları üzerinden tüketicilere gönderdikleri anlık bildirimlerle ilgili tüketici deneyimlerinin çeşitli yönlerini ve impulsif satın alma davranışları ile olası ilişkisini keşfetmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: Nitel araştırma yöntemi çerçevesinde amaçlı örnekleme tekniğine dayalı olarak erişilen 17 katılımcıdan birincil veri elde edilmiştir. Katılımcılardan veriler yapılandırılmış görüşmeler vasıtasıyla, yapılandırılmış bir soru formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler betimsel analiz çerçevesinde belirli temalar altında değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Analizler sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, online alışveriş platformları tarafından tüketicilere gönderilen anlık bildirimlerin içeriği, kişiselleştirilmişlik düzeyi, zamanlaması ve sıklığı gibi faktörlerin, kullanıcıların bildirimlere karşı olan tutumunu açık bir şekilde belirlediğini göstermiştir. Bildirimlere karşı olumlu tepki gösteren katılımcıların impulsif satın almaya dönük eğilimleri olabildiği anlaşılmıştır.
Sonuç ve Katkılar: Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, online alışveriş uygulamalarından gelen, doğru bir biçimde tasarlanmış olan, doğru zamanlarda ve uygun sıklıkta anlık bildirimlerin tüketicilerin satın alma kararlarını etkileyebileceği, impulsif satın almaya yol açabileceği ve genel bir bağlamda kullanıcıların alışveriş tutumlarını belirleyebileceği anlaşılmaktadır. Elde edilen bu sonuçların literatüre ve online alışveriş pratiğine katkılar sunma potansiyeli bulunduğu düşünülmektedir.
Sınırlılıklar: Araştırmada elde edilen bulguların ve erişilen sonuçların nitel araştırma metodolojisine dayandığını ve bu bulgulara dayanarak yapılan değerlendirmelerin 17 kişiden oluşan çalışma grubundan alınan verilerle sınırlı olduğunu dikkate almak gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İmpulsif Satın Alma, Online Alışveriş, Anlık Bildirimler, Nitel Analiz, Akıllı Telefon

Kaynakça

• Aggrawal, P., Jun, S. Y., & Huh, J. H. (2011). Scarcity messages- A consumer competition perspective. Journal of Advertising, 40(3), 19-30.
• Akram, U., Hui, P., Kaleem Khan, M., Tanveer, Y., Mehmood, K., & Ahmad, W. (2018). How website quality affects online impulse buying: Moderating effects of sales promotion and credit card use.
• Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 30(1), 235-256.
• Al-Gasawneh, J. A., Anuar, M. M., Dacko-Pikiewicz, Z., & Saputra, J. (2021). The impact of customer relationship management dimensions on service quality. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 23(2), 24-41.
• Amara, A. B. H. (2016). Atmospheric components of a commercial website and the behavioral responses of the cyber- consumers: Case of an online store of cultural products. Amity Journal of Marketing, 1(1), 1-19.
• Andrews, M., Goehring, J., Hui, S., Pancras, J., & Thornswood, L. (2016). Mobile promotions: A framework and research priorities. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 34(1), 15-24.
• Anugrah, A. F., Pratama, F. R., & Hidayatullah, S. A. (2023). Mobile promotion: Push-notifıcation by e-commerce apps, are you being impulsıve when you get a promo?. EKBIS (Ekonomi & Bisnis), 11(1), 27-42.
• Aranda, J., Ali-Hasan, N., & Baig, S. (2016, September). I’m just trying to survive: An ethnographic look at mobile notifications and attention management. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services Adjunct (pp. 564-574). 6-9 September 2016, Florence, Italy.
• Balaban Salı, J. (2018). Verilerin toplanması. In Şimşek, A. (Ed.). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri [Research methods in social sciences] (pp. 134-161). Eskişehir: T.C. Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayını No: 2653 Açıköğretim Fakültesi Yayını No: 1619.
• Baltacı, A. (2018). Nitel araştırmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme [A Conceptual Review of Sampling Methods and Sample Size Problems in Qualitative Research]. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 231-274.
• Barros, L. B. L., Petroll, M. D. L. M., Damacena, C., & Knoppe, M. (2019). Store atmosphere and impulse: A cross-cultural study. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 47(8), 817-835.
• Bart, Y., Stephen, A. T., & Sarvary, M. (2014). Which products are best suited to mobile advertising? A field study of mobile display advertising effects on consumer attitudes and intentions. Journal of Marketing Research, 51(3), 270-285.
• Barwise, P., & Strong, C. (2002). Permission-based mobile advertising. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 16(1), 14-24.
• Bauer, H. H., Reichardt, T., Barnes, S. J., & Neumann, M. M. (2005). Driving consumer acceptance of mobile marketing: A theoretical framework and empirical study. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 6(3), 181-192.
• Beatty, S. E., & Ferrell, M. E. (1998). Impulse buying: Modeling its precursors. Journal of Retailing, 74(2), 169-191.
• Bellman, S., Potter, R. F., Treleaven-Hassard, S., Robinson, J. A., & Varan, D. (2011). The effectiveness of branded mobile phone apps. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 25(4), 191-200.
• Białaszek, W., Gaik, M., McGoun, E., & Zielonka, P. (2015). Impulsive people have a compulsion for immediate gratification—certain or uncertain. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 135403.
• Bidargaddi, N., Pituch, T., Maaieh, H., Short, C., & Strecher, V. (2018). Predicting which type of push notification content motivates users to engage in a self-monitoring app. Preventive Medicine Reports, 11, 267-273.
• Bies, S. M., Bronnenberg, B. J., & Gijsbrechts, E. (2021). How push messaging impacts consumer spending and reward redemption in store-loyalty programs. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 38(4), 877-899.
• Bosnjak, M., Bandl, A., & Bratko, D. (2007). Measuring impulsive buying tendencies in Croatia: Towards a parsimonious measurement scale. In B. Grbac (Ed.), Marketing u Drustvu Znanja i Suvremenoj Poslovnoj Stvarnosti (426-435). Rijeka, Cromar, Croatia.
• Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2011). Business research methods. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
• Campbell, L., & Diamond, W. D. (1990). Framing and sales promotions: The characteristics of a “good deal”. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 7(4), 25-31.
• Cao, D., Meadows, M., & Ma, X. (2024). Thinking fast and slow: a revised SOR model for an empirical examination of impulse buying at a luxury fashion outlet. European Journal of Marketing, 58(1), 342-368.
• Chan, T. K., Cheung, C. M., & Lee, Z. W. (2017). The state of online impulse-buying research: A literature analysis. Information & Management, 54(2), 204-217.
• Chen, C-C., & Yao, J-Y. (2018). What drives impulse buying behaviors in a mobile auction? The perspective of the Stimulus-Organism-Response model. Telematics and Informatics, 35(5), 1-14.
• Chitra, S., & Malarvizhi, M. (2018). A study on consumer reaction on passenger car tyre selection in Theni. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 5(2), 64-68.
• Chopdar, P. K., & Balakrishnan, J. (2020). Consumers response towards mobile commerce applications: SOR approach. International Journal of Information Management, 53, 102106.
• Chung, N., Song, H. G., & Lee, H. (2017). Consumers’ impulsive buying behavior of restaurant products in social commerce. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(2), 709-731.
• Church, K., & De Oliveira, R. (2013, August). What’s up with WhatsApp? Comparing mobile instant messaging behaviors with traditional SMS. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (pp. 352-361). 27-30 August 2013, Munich, Germany.
• ClickUs (2024). We Are Social 2023 Global ve Türkiye Raporu [We Are Social 2023 Global and Türkiye Report]. Retrieved March. 14, 2024, from https://www.clicksus.com/we-are-social-2023-global-ve-turkiye-raporu
• Cuong, D. T. (2023). Online impulsive buying behavior using partial least squares algorithm. Journal of ICT Standardization, 11(3), 217-236.
• da Silva, A. V. D., & Vieira, V. (2018, October). Towards an API for user attention prediction in mobile notification overload. In Anais Estendidos do XXIV Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web (pp. 13-17). SBC.
• Danaher, P. J., Smith, M. S., Ranasinghe, K., & Danaher, T. S. (2015). Where, when, and how long: Factors that influence the redemption of mobile phone coupons. Journal of Marketing Research, 52(5), 710-725.
• Daoud, M. K., Al-Qeed, M., Ahmad, A. Y. B., & Al-Gasawneh, J. A. (2023). Mobile marketing: Exploring the efficacy of user-centric strategies for enhanced consumer engagement and conversion rates. International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology, 10(2), 1252-1262.
• Dawe, S., Gullo, M. J., & Loxton, N. J. (2004). Reward drive and rash impulsiveness as dimensions of impulsivity: Implications for substance misuse. Addictive Behaviors, 29(7), 1389-1405.
• Dawson, S., & Kim, M. (2009). External and internal trigger cues of impulse buying online. Direct Marketing: An International Journal, 3(1), 20-34.
• Değerli, M., Demirbaş, E., ve Tolon, M. (2015). Mobil işletim sistemleri (iOS ve Android) açısından kullanıcı memnuniyetini etkileyen faktörler [Factors Affecting User Satisfaction in Terms of Mobile Operating Systems (iOS and Android)]. In Dokuzuncu Ulusal Yazılım Mühendisliği Sempozyumu (UYMS 2015) (pp. 770-781). 9-11 Eylül 2015, İzmir, Türkiye.
• Dholakia, U. M. (2000). Temptation and resistance: An integrated model of consumption impulse formation and enactment. Psychology & Marketing, 17(11), 955-982.
• Drossos, D. A., Giaglis, G. M., Vlachos, P. A., Zamani, E. D., & Lekakos, G. (2013). Consumer responses to SMS advertising: Antecedents and consequences. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 18(1), 105-136.
• Eroğlu, S. A., Machleit, K. A., & Davis, L. M. (2001). Atmospheric qualities of online retailing: A conceptual model and implications. Journal of Business Research, 54(2), 177-184.
• Fang, Z., Gu, B., Luo, X., & Xu, Y. (2015). Contemporaneous and delayed sales impact of location-based mobile promotions. Information Systems Research, 26(3), 552-564.
• Febrilia, I., Rahmi, R., Lada, S., & Chekima, B. (2024). Online impulse buying: Investigating the role of e-commerce attributes, customer motivation, and urge to buy impulsively. The Journal of Behavioral Science, 19(1), 95-108.
• Floh, A., & Madlberger, M. (2013). The role of atmospheric cues in online impulse buying behavior. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 12, 425-439
• Gavilan, D., & Martinez-Navarro, G. (2022). Exploring user’s experience of push notifications: A grounded theory approach. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 25(2), 233-255.
• Geyik, A. (2019). Influence of push notifications on “consumer attitudes and purchase decision criteria” in telecommunication industry. Master’s Thesis. Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
• Google Support (2024). Android’de bildirimleri kontrol etme [Check notifications on Android]. Retrieved March. 15, 2024, from https://support.google.com/android/answer/9079661?hl=tr
• Greven, A., & Pals, K. (2014). The effect of online low task-relevant atmospheric cues on emotions and responses. Master’s Thesis, University of Boras The Swedish School of Textiles, Boras, Sweden.
• Grewal, D., Bart, Y., Spann, M., & Zubcsek, P. P. (2016). Mobile advertising: A framework and research agenda. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 34(1), 3-14.
• Guarte, J. M., & Barrios, E. B. (2006). Estimation under purposive sampling. Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation, 35(2), 277-284.
• Gudmundsdottir, G. B., & Brock‐Utne, B. (2010). An exploration of the importance of piloting and access as action research. Educational Action Research, 18(3), 359-372.
• Hatfield, J., & Murphy, S. (2007). The effects of mobile phone use on pedestrian crossing behaviour at signalised and unsignalised intersections. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 39(1), 197-205.
• Ibrahim, A., Clinch, S., & Harper, S. (2023). Extracting behavioural features from smartphone notifications. Behaviour & Information Technology, 42(16), 2735-2753.
• Iqbal, S. T., & Bailey, B. P. (2010). Oasis: A framework for linking notification delivery to the perceptual structure of goal-directed tasks. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 17(4), 1-28.
• Karataş, Z. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri [Qualitative Research Methods in the Social Sciences]. Manevi Temelli Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 62-80.
• Kelly, S. (2010) Qualitative interviewing techniques and styles. In: Bourgeault, I., Dingwall, R. & de Vries, R. (Eds) The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Methods in Health Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
• Khosasih, M. M., & Lisana, L. (2023). Intention to adopt online food delivery using augmented reality mobile apps: A perspective of SOR framework. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 13(2), 618-624.
• Kim, A. J., & Johnson, K. K. (2016). Power of consumers using social media: Examining the influences of brand-related user-generated content on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 98-108. Kim, Y. (2011). The pilot study in qualitative inquiry: Identifying issues and learning lessons for culturally competent research. Qualitative Social Work, 10(2), 190-206.
• Lee, H. W., Choi, J. S., Shin, Y. C., Lee, J. Y., Jung, H. Y., & Kwon, J. S. (2012). Impulsivity in internet addiction: A comparison with pathological gambling. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(7), 373-377.
• Liu, H., Gan, Y., Yang, J., Sidhom, S., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., & Ye, F. (2012, August). Push the limit of WiFi based localization for smartphones. In Proceedings of the 18th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking (pp. 305-316). 22-26 August 2012, İstanbul, Turkey.
• Loh, K. K., & Kanai, R. (2016). How has the Internet reshaped human cognition?. The Neuroscientist, 22(5), 506-520.
• Malmqvist, J., Hellberg, K., Möllås, G., Rose, R., & Shevlin, M. (2019). Conducting the pilot study: A neglected part of the research process? Methodological findings supporting the importance of piloting in qualitative research studies. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 18, 1-11.
• Mason, J. (2002). Qualitative researching. London: SAGE Publications.
• Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J. A. (1974). An approach to environmental psychology. Cambridge: MIT Press.
• Mehrotra, A., Pejovic, V., Vermeulen, J., Hendley, R., & Musolesi, M. (2016, May). My phone and me: understanding people’s receptivity to mobile notifications. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1021-1032). 7-12 May 2016, San Jose, California, USA.
• Ming, J., Jianqiu, Z., Bilal, M., Akram, U., & Fan, M. (2021). How social presence influences impulse buying behavior in live streaming commerce? The role of SOR theory. International Journal of Web Information Systems, 17(4), 300-320.
• Morgan, D. L. & Morgan, R. K. (2008). Single-case research methods for the behavioral and health sciences. SAGE Publications.
• nGrow (2024). Case study - push notifications: Driving revenue through positive nudges in consumer behavior. Retrieved March 13, 2024, from https://www.ngrow.ai/blog/case-study-push-notifications-driving-revenue-through-positive-nudges-in-consumer-behavior
• Nyrhinen, J., Sirola, A., Koskelainen, T., Munnukka, J., & Wilska, T. A. (2024). Online antecedents for young consumers’ impulse buying behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 153, 108129.
• Nusair, K., Jin Yoon, H., Naipaul, S., & Parsa, H. G. (2010). Effect of price discount frames and levels on consumers’ perceptions in low‐end service industries. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(6), 814-835.
• Octavia, D. (2016, March). The differences of online and in-store impulse buying behavior using stimulus and response model. In 3rd International Seminar and Conference on Learning Organization (pp. 149-151). Atlantis Press.
• Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Collins, K. M. (2007). A typology of mixed methods sampling designs in social science research. Qualitative Report, 12(2), 281-316.
• Özdemir, M. (2010). Nitel veri analizi: Sosyal bilimlerde yöntembilim sorunsalı üzerine bir çalışma [Qualitative data analysis: A study on methodology problem in social sciences]. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 321-343.
• Öztaş, Y. B. B. (2015). The increasing importance of mobile marketing in the light of the improvement of mobile phones, confronted problems encountered in practice, solution offers and expectations. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1066-1073.
• Papathanassis, A., & Knolle, F. (2011). Exploring the adoption and processing of online holiday reviews: A grounded theory approach. Tourism Management, 32(2), 215-224.
• Park, H. H., & Noh, M. J. (2012). The influence of innovativeness and price sensitivity on purchase intention of smart wear. Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles, 36(2), 218-230.
• Park, T., Shenoy, R., & Salvendy, G. (2008). Effective advertising on mobile phones: a literature review and presentation of results from 53 case studies. Behaviour & Information Technology, 27(5), 355-373.
• Parsad, C., Prashar, S., & Sahay, V. (2017). Impact of impulsive personality traits and store environment on impulse buying behavior. Journal of Business and Management, 23(1/2), 1-24.
• Phung, T. B., On, T. T., & Nguyen, D. V. P. (2023). Impulsive buying in Vietnamese mobile commerce: from the perspective of the SOR model. International Journal of Electronic Business, 18(2), 226-248.
• Pielot, M., Vradi, A., & Park, S. (2018, September). Dismissed! a detailed exploration of how mobile phone users handle push notifications. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (pp. 1-11). 3-6 September 2018, Barcelona, Spain.
• Piron, F. (1991). Defining impulse purchasing. Advances in Consumer Research, 18(1), 509-514.
• Rani, N. M., & Rex, C. S. (2023). A study on impulsive buying behaviour in online shopping. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(3), 1-17.
• Reinartz, W., & Linzbach, P. (2018). Customer loyalty and reward programs in retail in the digital age. In Gielens, K. & Gijsbrechts, E. (Eds), Handbook of research on retailing. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Rigollet, D.Ý., & Kumlin, H. (2015). Consumer attitudes towards push notifications - As a marketing tool to trigger impulsive buying behaviour in smartphone users. Bachelor Thesis, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
• Rook, D. W. (1987). The impulse buying. Journal of Consumer Research, 14(2), 189-199.
• Roux, A. T., & Maree, T. (2021). Joy to the (shopper) world: An SOR view of digital place-based media in upmarket shopping malls. Journal of Promotion Management, 27(7), 1-31.
• Sahami Shirazi, A., Henze, N., Dingler, T., Pielot, M., Weber, D., & Schmidt, A. (2014, April). Large-scale assessment of mobile notifications. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (pp. 3055-3064). Apr 26, May 1, 2014 Toronto, Canada.
• Saikia, P., Cheung, M., She, J., & Park, S. (2017, May). Effectiveness of mobile notification delivery. In 2017 18th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Data Management (MDM) (pp. 21-29). IEEE.
• Saran, C. (2023). Habere maruz kalmak: Mobil haber uygulamalarının anlık bildirimleri üzerine bir inceleme [Being exposed to news: A review of instant notifications of mobile news apps]. Etkileşim, 11, 292-315.
• Saruhan, Ş. C., ve Özdemirci, A. (2013). Bilim, felsefe ve metodoloji [Science, philosophy and methodology]. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım.
• Scarpi, D. (2012). Work and fun on the internet: The effects of utilitarianism and hedonism online. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26(1), 53-67.
• Schiffman, L. G., & Kanuk, L. L. (2004). Consumer behaviour. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
• Shakir, M., & Ur Rahman, A. (2022). Conducting pilot study in a qualitative inquiry: Learning some useful lessons. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(10), 1620-1624.
• Shankar, V., Venkatesh, A., Hofacker, C., & Naik, P. (2010). Mobile marketing in the retailing environment: Current insights and future research avenues. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 24(2), 111-120.
• Sluis, S. (2014). Push notifications help keep customers close. CRM Magazine, Retrieved March. 14, 2024, from https://www.destinationcrm.com/Articles/CRM-Insights/Insight/Push-Notifications-Help-Keep-Customers-Close-96404.aspx
• Smutkupt, P., Krairit, D., & Khang, D. B. (2011). The impact of permission-based mobile advertising on consumer brand knowledge. International Journal of Mobile Marketing, 6(1), 94-108.
• Taylor, N. (2014). Marketing with mobile push notifications in a location specific context. Master’s Thesis. Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA.
• Temel, E. (2021). Akış deneyimi: S-O-R paradigması temelinde online impulsif satın alma davranışı [Flow experience: online impulsive purchase behavior based on the S-O-R paradigm]. Doctoral Dissertation. Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
• Temel, E. (2023). Kafam çok karıştı! Sonra bakarız… Online alışveriş sepetini terk etme davranışının oluşumunda seçim paradoksu, duygusal kararsızlık ve tereddüt [I’m so consufed! Maybe later... Choice overload, emotional ambivalence and hesitation in the emergence of online shopping cart abandonment behavior]. Journal of Internet Applications and Management, 14(2), 26-53.
• Temel, E., & Armağan, E. (2022). Teleporting to the world of online shopping! Online flow experience and its mediating role between virtual store atmosphere, sales promotions and impulsive buying. International Journal of Management and Administration, 6(12), 238-262.
• Tiffany, P., Pinem, A. A., Hidayanto, A. N., & Kurnia, S. (2020). Gain-loss framing: comparing the push notification message to increase purchase intention in e-marketplace mobile application. IEEE Access, 8, 182550-182563.
• Unni, R., & Harmon, R. (2007). Perceived effectiveness of push vs. pull mobile location based advertising. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 7(2), 28-40.
• Vaidyanathan, R., & Aggarwal, P. (2003). Who is the fairest of them all? An attributional approach to price fairness perceptions. Journal of Business Research, 56(6), 453-463. van Leijenhorst, L., Zanolie, K., van Meel, C. S., Westenberg, P. M., Rombouts, S. A., & Crone, E. A. (2010). What motivates the adolescent? Brain regions mediating reward sensitivity across adolescence. Cerebral Cortex, 20(1), 61-69.
• van Sprundel, M. (2020). The effect of impulsivity and smartphone push-notifications on mobile phone use. Master’s Thesis. Tilburg University School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
• van Straten, R. (2019). Does new media use make us more impulsive?. Master’s Thesis. Tilburg University Communication and Information Sciences, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
• van Teijlingen, E., & Hundley, V. (2001). The importance of pilot studies. Social Research Update, 35, 1-4.
• Voit, A., Poppinga, B., Weber, D., Böhmer, M., Henze, N., Gehring, S., Okoshi, T., & Pejovic, V. (2016, September). UbiTtention: Smart & ambient notification and attention management. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct (pp. 1520-1523). 12-16 September 2016, Heidelberg, Germany.
• Watson, C., McCarthy, J., & Rowley, J. (2013). Consumer attitudes towards mobile marketing in the smart phone era. International Journal of Information Management, 33(5), 840-849.
• We Are Social (2024). Digital 2023 global overview report. Retrieved March. 15, 2024, from https://wearesocial.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Digital-2023-Global-Overview-Report.pdf
• Wells, J. D., Parboteeah, V., & Valacich, J. S. (2011). Online impulse buying: understanding the interplay between consumer impulsiveness and website quality. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 12(1), 32-56.
• Wilmer, H. H., Sherman, L. E., & Chein, J. M. (2017). Smartphones and cognition: A review of research exploring the links between mobile technology habits and cognitive functioning. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 251723.
• Woodworth, R. S. (2023). Psychology: A study of mental life. New York: Good Press.
• Yıldırım, A., ve Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri [Qualitative research methods in the social sciences]. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Yıldırım, Y. O., & Bayraktar, A. (2021). The effect of mobile promotions and application quality on consumers’mobile buying impulsiveness: A case of comparison between Zubizu and Hopi. Öneri Dergisi, 16(56), 825-851.
• Zhang, J., & Jiang, N. (2022). The impact of scarcity on consumers’ impulse buying based on the SOR theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 792419.
• Zhang, L., Shao, Z., Zhang, J., & Li, X. (2022). The situational nature of impulse buying on mobile platforms: A cross-temporal investigation. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 56, 101204.
• Zhang, R., Chen, J. Q., & Lee, C. J. (2013). Mobile commerce and consumer privacy concerns. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 53(4), 31-38.
• Zhang, W., Leng, X., & Liu, S. (2023). Research on mobile impulse purchase intention in the perspective of system users during COVID-19. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 27, 665-673.
• Zheng, X., Men, J., Yang, F., & Gong, X. (2019). Understanding impulse buying in mobile commerce: An investigation into hedonic and utilitarian browsing. International Journal of Information Management, 48, 151-160.
• Zhu, W., Yan, R., & Ding, Z. (2020). Analysing impulse purchasing in cross-border electronic commerce. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 120(10), 1959-1974.