Sürdürülebilirlik Çağında Stratejik Yönetimi Yeniden Düşünmek

Öz

Çağdaş ve rekabetçi bir ortamda, sürdürülebilirlik iş ortamında önemli bir hedef olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Stratejik yönetim, karmaşık ikilemlere çözüm sağlamada ve uzun vadeli hedeflere ulaşmak için sürdürülebilir eylemler sağlamada giderek daha etkili hale gelmiştir. Ancak, birçok kuruluş belirsiz ve çeşitli bir ortamda stratejik planlarını tasarlamak, uyumlu hale getirmek ve uygulamakta hala zorluk çekmektedir. Bu kavramsal literatür incelemesi çalışması, stratejik yönetim sürecine dair kapsamlı bir anlayış geliştirmekte ve firmaların uzun vadeli sürdürülebilir başarıyı desteklemek için stratejileri nasıl uyguladıklarını araştırmaktadır. Çalışma, IFAS, EFAS ve SFAS'ın kurumsal ve işletme düzeyinde karar almayı desteklemek için analitik araçlar olarak nasıl işlev gördüğünü araştırmak için önceki ve güncel araştırma çalışmalarını incelemiştir. İncelemenin bulguları, kuruluşların birçok iç ve dış faktör nedeniyle strateji uygulamada zorluklarla karşılaşmaya devam ettiğini göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, stratejik yönetimin etkili uygulamaları küresel pazarda uzun vadeli rekabet avantajları elde etmek için önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Stratejik yönetim
• Strateji
• Ifas
• Efas
• Sfas

Rethinking Strategic Management in the Age of Sustainability

Öz

In a contemporary and competitive environment, sustainability has emerged as an important goal in the business environment. Strategic management has become increasingly effective in providing solutions to complex dilemmas and providing sustainable actions for achieving long-term objectives. However, many organizations are still struggling to design, align, and implement their strategic plans in an uncertain and diverse environment. This conceptual literature review study develops a comprehensive understanding of the strategic management process and investigates how firms implement strategies to support long-term sustainable success. The study reviewed previous and contemporary research studies to investigate how IFAS, EFAS, and SFAS function as analytical tools for supporting decision-making at the corporate and business level. The review's findings indicate that organizations continue to face challenges in strategy implementation due to many internal and external factors. Nevertheless, effective practices of strategic management are important for achieving long-term competitive advantages in the global market.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Strategic management
• Strategy
• Ifas
• Efas
• Sfas

Kaynakça

1. Abdi, M., Aulakh, P. S., & Ma, Z. (2024). Exploratory Search and International Performance: When Do Local Alliances Matter? Journal of International Marketing, 32(4), 1–20. https://doi.org/http s://doi.org/10.1177/1069031X231216409
2. Andrews, K. R., (1997), The concept of corporate strategy. In Foss, Nicolai J. (ed.), Resources, Firms, and Strategies: A Reader in the Resource-Based Perspective, 1-378 Madison, Newyork, Oxford University Press. OUP Catalogue.
3. Angwin, D., & Sammut‐Bonnici, T. (2015). Cooperative Strategies. Wiley Encyclopedia of Management, 12, 1-1. http s://doi.org/10.1002/9781118785317.weom120046
4. Anthony, R., G.R. Laczniak, & E.J. Inderrieden. (1985) Growth versus retrenchment strategies in marketing. The Australian experience. International journal of research and marketing, 2(4), 273-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8116(85)90039-4
5. Asmah, E. E., Andoh, F. K., & Titriku, E. (2020). Trade misinvoicing effects on tax revenue in sub-Saharan Africa: The role of tax holidays and regulatory quality. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 91(4), 649–672. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/apce.12289
6. Bahadori, M., Teymourzadeh, E., Tajik, H., Ravangard, R., Raadabadi, M., & Hosseini, S. M. (2018). Factors affecting strategic plan implementation using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 31(5), 406-414. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-05-2017-0075
7. Banker, D. R., Mashruwala, R., & Tripathy, A. (2014). Does a differentiation strategy lead to more sustainable financial performance than a cost leadership strategy? Management Decision, 52(5), 872–896. https://doi.org/10.1108/md-05-2013-0282
8. Barney, J. B. (1995). Looking inside for competitive advantage. Academy of Management Perspectives, 9(4), 49-61. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4165288

9. Beasley, M., Chen, A., Nunez, K., & Wright, L. (2006). Working hand in hand: Balanced scorecards and enterprise risk management. Strategic finance, 87(9), 49.
10. Bracker, J. (1980). The historical development of the strategic management concept. Academy of management review, 5(2), 219-224.
11. Cantrell, S., Moss, K., Klosk, R., Tomke, C., Shaw, Z., & Griffiths, M. (2025). Strategies for finding—and unlocking—the hidden potential in your workforce. Deloitte Insights. https://www.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/topics/talent/future-of-workforce-planning/hidden-workforce-capabilities.html
12. Coca-Cola Beverages, A. (2022). Rwenzori and Century united as Coca-Cola Beverages Uganda. https://www.ccbagroup.com/rwenzori-century-united/
13. Deloitte. (2024). Global revenue announcement. https://www.deloitte.com/ge/en/about/press-room/global-revenue-announcement.html
14. Fred, R. D. (2008). Strategic Management concepts and cases (13b.). New Jersey, United states: Pearson Education.
15. Freeman, R.E. (1984) Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Pitman, Boston.
16. Galbraith, J. R., & Kazanjian, R. K. (1986). Organizing to implement strategies of diversity and globalization: The role of matrix designs. Human Resource Management, 25(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.3930250104
17. Henderson, B. D. (1982). Henderson on corporate strategy. Abt Books.
18. Hill, T., & Westbrook, R. (1997). The strategic development of manufacturing: market analysis for investment priorities. European Management Journal, 15(3), 297-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-2373(97)00009-1
19. Hitt Micheal. A., David K., Hema K., Marianna M., Mario S., Katsuhiko S., Hong Zhu. (2009). Mergers and acquisitions: Overcoming pitfalls, building synergy, and creating value. Business Horizons, 52(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.06.008
20. Ivaldi, M., Jullien, B., Rey, P., Seabright, P., & Tirole, J. (2003). The economics of tacit collusion. IDEI Working Paper, n. 186, Final Report for DG Competition European Commission.
21. Kaplan, R. S. (2004). Focusing your organization on strategy-with the balanced scorecard. Harvard Business Review.
22. Knights, D., & Morgan, G. (1991). Corporate Strategy, Organizations, and Subjectivity: A Critique. Organization Studies, 12(2), 251–273. https://doi.org/10.1177/017084069101200205
23. Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing management (15th global ed.). England: Pearson.
24. Lee, E.S. (2019). Improving a firm's performance within a strategic shipping alliance. The Asian journal of shipping and logistics, 35(4), 213-219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsl.2019.12.008
25. Lee, G. K., & Lieberman, M. B. (2024). Exploration, exploitation, and mode of market entry: acquisition versus internal development by Amazon and Alphabet. Industrial and Corporate Change, 33(1), 253–267. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtad015
26. Manyaga, F., & Ammar, T. (2021). Linking firm performance with board diversity: A literature review. Bussecon Review of Social Sciences (2687-2285), 3(2), 10-17. https://doi.org/10.36096/brss.v3i2.290
27. Markiewicz, P. (2011). Change Management in the Strategy Implementation Process. Journal of intellectual economics, 5(2), 257-267.
28. McManners, P. (2014). Corporate Strategy in the Age of Responsibility. London: Routledge, 1- 200. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315574349
29. Meesala, A. (2015). Internal Analysis- Strategic Management. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3353.1048
30. Michael, C. J., & William, H. M. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of financial economics, 3(4), 305-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
31. Micheal, G. & Andrew, C. (2002). Parenting in Complex Structures. Long range planning, 35(3), 219-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301(02)00052-3
32. Miles, S. (2017). Stakeholder Theory Classification: A Theoretical and Empirical Evaluation of Definitions. J Bus Ethics, 142, 437–459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2741-y
33. Mintzberg, H. (1991). Learning 1, planning 0 reply to Igor Ansoff. 12(6). 463-466. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250120606
34. Mintzberg, H., Ahlstrand, B., &Lampel, J. (2005). Strategy safari: A guided tour through the wilds of strategic management. NewYork: Simon and schuster.
35. Morrow Jr, J. L., Johnson, R. A., & Busenitz, L. W. (2004). The effects of cost and asset retrenchment on firm performance: the overlooked role of a firm’s competitive environment. Journal of Management, 30(2), 189-208. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jm.2003.01.002
36. Munteanu, C. C. (2015). Competitive differentiation through brand extensions in the era of hyper competition. Romanian Economic Journal, 18(55), 57-70
37. Panda, B., & Leepsa, N. M. (2017). Agency theory: Review of theory and evidence on problems and perspectives. Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, 10(1),74-95. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0974686217701467
38. Pepper A. (2019) Agency Costs, Coordination Problems, and the Remuneration Committee’s Dilemma. In: Agency Theory and Executive Pay. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99969-2_1
39. Peterson, D., Rhoads, A., & Vaught, B. C. (2001). Journal of Business Ethics, 31(3), 225–232. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1010744927551
40. Porter M.E. (1989) From Competitive Advantage to Corporate Strategy. In: Asch D., Bowman C. (eds) Readings in Strategic Management. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20317-8_17
41. Rajasekar, J. (2014) Factors Affecting Effective Strategy Implementation in a Service Industry: A Study of Electricity Distribution Companies in the Sultanate of Oman. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(9), 169-183.
42. Shujahat, M., Hussain, S., Javed, S., Malik, M. I., Thurasamy, R., & Ali, J. (2017). Strategic management model with lens of knowledge management and competitive intelligence. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems. 47(1), 55-93. https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-06-2016-0035
43. Stephern, A. R. (1973). The economic theory of agency: The principal's problem. The American economic review, 62(2), 134-139. www.jstor.org/stable/1817064
44. Tapera, J. (2014). The Importance of Strategic Management to Business Organizations. The international journal. 3(11). 122-131.
45. Thompson, A. A., Strickland, A. J., Gamble, J., & A. J. Strickland III. (2016). Crafting and executing strategy: The quest for competitive advantage : concepts and cases. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. 978-1-259-2
46. Trinkaus, J., & Giacalone, J. (2005). The silence of the stakeholders: Zero decibel level at Enron. Journal of Business Ethics, 58(1-3), 237-248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-1418-3
47. Wang, Y., & Ellinger, A. D. (2011). Organizational learning. International Journal of Manpower, 32(5/6), 512–536. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437721111158189
48. Wells, D. L. (1998). Strategic Management for Senior Leaders: A Handbook for Implementation. Department of the Navy, Total Quality Leadership Office.
49. Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D., Hoffman, A. N., & Bamford, C. E. (2018). Strategic Management and Business Policy. Globalization, Innovation and Sustainability (15th ed.). Pearson.
50. Wiseman, R. M., Cuevas‐Rodríguez, G., & Gomez‐Mejia, L. R. (2012). Toward a social theory of agency. Journal of management studies, 49(1), 202-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2011.01016.x