THE GENDER PAY GAP IN CHINA: PERSPECTIVES ON DISCRIMINATION

Abstract

To take a look at the repute of the gender wage gap in China, the usage of records from China Income and (CHIP) 2018, this paper finds that the gender wage gap nonetheless exists, as men earning a common hourly wage of 5.65 Yuan and sizable annual profits of 17,637 Yuan greater than women. Men additionally work a common of third hours per week extra than women. Ols regression evaluation discovered that all men's common wage profits have been 24.4% greater than women's common hourly wage earnings. They learn about additionally confirmed that people who are insured, have an employment contract, or whose administrative center affords social advantages earn extensively greater hourly wages than employees who do no longer have these advantages.

Keywords

• Gender pay gap
• China
• labor market

Kaynakça

1. Aigner, D.J. and Cain, G.G. (1977). Statistical Theories of Discrimination in Labor Markets.Industrial and Labor Relations Review 30(2), 175-187
2. Becker, G.S. (1985). Human capital, effort, and the sexual division of labor. J. Labor Econ. 3, 33-58.
3. Bhandari A. and Heshmati, A. (2008). Wage Inequality and Job Insecurity among Permanent and Contract Workers in India: Evidence from Organized Manufacturing Industries. ICFAI Journal of Applied Economics 7(1), 80-111.
4. Blinder, A.S. (1973). Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates, The Journal of Human Resources, 8(4), 436-455.
5. Braunstein, E. and Brenner, M. (2007). Foreign direct investment and gendered wages in urban China, Feminist Economics, 13, (3-4), 213-237.
6. Boraas, S. and Rodgers, W.M. (2003). How does gender play a role in the earnings gap? An update, Monthly Labor Review, 126(10), 9-15.
7. Chi, W. and Li, B. (2008). Glass ceiling or sticky floor? Examining the gender earnings differential across the earnings distribution in urban China, 1987–2004. Journal of comparative Economics, 36(2), 243-263.
8. Dong, X. and Zhang, L. (2009). Economic transition and gender differentials in wages and productivity: Evidence from Chinese manufacturing enterprises, Journal of Development Economics, 88, pp. 144-156

9. Dong, J. and Zhang, J. (2009) Research on the Policy of Natural Gas Power Generation in the Second Line of Westt-East Gas Pipeline. China Mining Industry, 18, 74-78
10. Gustafsson, B. and Li, S. (2000). Economic transformation and the gender earnings gap in urban China. Journal of Population Economics, 13(2), 305-329.
11. Hakim, C. (1992). Explaining trends in occupational segregation: the measurement, causes, and consequences of the sexual division of labour, European sociological review, 8(2), 127- 152.
12. Hughes, J. and Maurer‐Fazio, M. (2002). Effects of marriage, education and occupation on the female/male wage gap in China. Pacific Economic Review, 7(1), 137-156.
13. Knight, J. and Song, L. (2003). Increasing urban wage inequality in China Economics of Transition, 11 (4), pp. 597-619
14. Liu, P. W., Meng, X. and Zhang, J. (2000). Sectoral gender wage differentials and discrimination in the transitional Chinese economy. Journal of Population Economics, 13(2), 331-352.
15. Maurer-Fazio, M.; Hughes, J. and Zhang, D. (2007). An Ocean formed from one hundred rivers: The effects of ethnicity, gender, marriage, and location on labor force participation in urban ChinaFeminist Economics, 13 (2007), pp. 59-187
16. Meng, X. and Miller, P. (1995). Occupational segregation and its impact on gender wage discrimination in China’s rural industrial sector, Oxford Economic Papers, 47 (1): pp. 136-155
17. Meng, X. (1998). Male–female wage determination and gender wage discrimination in China's rural industrial sector. Labour Economics, 5(1), 67-89.
18. Meng, X. (2012). Labor market outcomes and reforms in China. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26(4), 75-102.
19. Mill, J.S. (1885). Principles of Political Economy.The Colonial Press, New York.
20. Naughton, B. (1995). Growing out of the plan: Chinese economic reform 1978–1993, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
21. Oaxaca, R. (1973). Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets.International Economic Review 14(3), 693-709.
22. P. Liu, X. Meng, J.S. Zhang (2000). Sectoral gender wage differentials and discrimination in the transitional Chinese Economy, Journal of Population Economics, 13 (2000), pp. 311-352
23. Shen, J. and Deng, X. (2008). Gender wage inequality in the transitional Chinese economy: A critical review of post-reform research, Journal of Organisational Transformation and Social Change, 5 (2) (2008), pp. 109-127
24. Zhang, L. and Dong, X. (2008). Male-female wage discrimination in Chinese industry: Investigation using firm-level data Economics of Transition, 16 (1) pp. 85-112
25. Zhao, Yuan-Yuan. (2016). The effect of occupational segregation between firms on gender wage differences in brief. Zhejiang Social Science, (8), 60-69.
26. Wang, M., and Cai, F. (2008). Gender earning differential in urban China. Review of Development Economics, 12(2), 442–454. (In Chinese).
27. Whalley, J. and Xin, X. (2010). China’s FDI and non-FDI economies and the sustainability of future high Chinese growth China Economic Review, 21 (2010), pp. 123-135
28. Wolf, M.M. and Petrela, E.Q. (2004). An Examination of Gender Wage Differences among Graduates of the Agribusiness Department, California Polytechnic State University. American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Presentation Paper.