İŞLETME PERFORMANSINDA MİKROFİNANS HİZMETLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: “UGANDA’NIN ARUA KENTİNE BİR DURUM ÇALIŞMASI”

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 36 - 53, 30.09.2019

Erhan Çankal , Muzamil Edema

Öz

Son yıllarda, Uganda’da ve özellikle Arua bölgesinde mikro ve küçük-ölçekli işletmelerin sayısı hızla artmakta fakat bu işletmelerin sürekliliği için gereken sermaye miktarındaki yetersizlik politika geliştirenlerin ilgi odağı haline gelmiştir. Yetersiz sermaye problemini çözmek için, Uganda hükümeti, özelleştirme sürecinde ekonomik olarak aktif ancak finansal bakımdan kısıtlı ve hassas işletmelere mikrokredi, tasarruflar, sigorta ve girişimcilerin eğitimi gibi finansal hizmetlerin sağlanabilmesi amacıyla mikrofinans kuruluşlarının gelişimini teşvik etmektedir. Daha once yapılan çalışmaların çoğu mikro ve küçük ölçekli işletmeler yerine orta ölçekli girişimler üzerinde yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu çalışma, mikrofinans hizmetlerinin Uganda’nın Arua bölgesinde küçük ölçekli işletmelerin performansları üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektedir. Mikrofinans kuruluşlarınca sağlanan hizmetlerin çoğunun işletmelerin performanslarını olumlu yönde etkilediği görülmüştür. Analiz sonuçları, eğitim, tasarruf, hizmet-içi eğitim ve kredi miktarlarının küçük-ölçekli işletmelerin performanslarını önemli derecede etkilediğini göstermektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikro finans, Mikrofinans Kurumları, Performans, Mikro ve Küçük ölçekli İşletmeler

ASSESSMENT OF MICROFINANCE SERVICES ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE: “A CASE STUDY OF ARUA DISTRICT OF UGANDA”

Öz

In recent years, micro and small-scale businesses
have been rapidly increasing in Uganda and Arua district in particular but the
issue of inadequate capital to run these businesses has been a growing concern
for many policy makers. In order to solve this problem, the government of
Uganda through privatization encouraged the development of microfinance
institutions to provide financial services such as microcredit, savings, micro
insurance and training to micro entrepreneurs who are economically active, but
financially constrained and vulnerable. Most of the
previous studies focused on small and medium enterprises leaving out micro
enterprises. This study
aimed to assess the impact of microfinance services on the performance of micro
and small- scale businesses in Arua district in Uganda.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Microfinance, Microfinance Institutions

Kaynakça

• Agyemang, D. (2016). The effects of microfinance interventions on the development of SMEs in the Bekwai Municipal Assembly. Aleskerov, A. (2007). The impact of microfinance services on the poverty in Azerbaijan.
• Amran, N. A. (2011). The effect of owner’s gender and age to firm performance: a review on Malaysian public listed family businesses. Journal of Global Business and Economics, 2(1), 104-116.
• Armendáriz, B., & Labie, M. (2011). The handbook of microfinance: World scientific.
• Babajide, & Taiwo, J. (2011). Microcredit and Business Performance in Nigeria: The Case of MFI Finance Enterprises. International Journal of Research in Commerce & Management, 2(11), 43-49.
• Babajide, A. (2012). Effects of microfinance on micro and small enterprises (mses) growth in nigeria. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 2(3), 463.
• Berenbach, S., & Guzman, D. (1994). The Solidarity Group Experience Worldwide. in E. Rhyne. The New World of Mircoenterprise Finance: Building Healthy Financial Institutions for the Poor.
• Burkett, I. (2003). Microfinance in Australia: current realities and future possibilities: University of Queensland.
• Chester, W. C. (2014). Examining the impacts of microfinance programs in Guatemala: a case study of loan borrowers in San Antonio Aguas Calientes.
• Fotabong, L. A. (2011). Comparing Microfinance Models: Italy: Giordano Dell’Amore Foundation (FGDA).
• Hallberg, K. (2000). A market-oriented strategy for small and medium scale enterprises (Vol. 63): World Bank Publications.
• Hassan, M., and Muhammad Rizwan Saleem Sandhu. (2011). Organizational Determinants of Firm Performance: A Case Of Garments Manufacturing Firms of Lahore, Pakistan. Chief Patron Chief Patron.
• Hobohm, S. (2001). Small and medium-sized enterprises in economic development: The UNIDO experience. Journal of Economic Cooperation, 22(1), 1-42.
• Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (2001). Transforming the balanced scorecard from performance measurement to strategic management: Part II. Accounting Horizons, 15(2), 147-160.
• Kessy, S., & Temu, S. (2010). The impact of training on performance of micro and small enterprises served by microfinance institutions in Tanzania. Research Journal of Business Management, 4(2), 103-111.
• Kinimi, L. (2014). The effect of micro-finance institutions on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Democratic Republic of Congo. North-West University.
• Kisaka, E., & Mwewa, N. M. (2014). Effects of micro-credit, micro-savings and training on the growth of small and medium enterprises in Machakos County in Kenya. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5(7), 43-49.
• Kyale, M. S. (2013). Impact Of Microfinance Institutions On Growth And Development Of Small And Medium Enterprises; A Survey Of Machakos Town. University of Nairobi.
• Lafourcade, A.-L., Isern, J., Mwangi, P., & Brown, M. (2005). Overview of the outreach and financial performance of microfinance institutions in Africa. Microfinance Information eXchange, Washington, DC. http://www. mixmarket. org/medialibrary/mixmarket/Africa_Data_Study. pdf.
• Lakwo, A. (2006). Microfinance, rural livelihoods, and women's empowerment in Uganda: African Studies Centre.
• Ledgerwood, J. (1998). Microfinance handbook: An institutional and financial perspective: World Bank Publications.Mader, P. (2016). The political economy of microfinance: Financializing poverty: Springer.
• Mbugua, M. W. (2010). Impact of microfinance services on financial performance of small and micro enterprises in Kenya. University of Nairobi, Kenya.
• McClatchey, M. (2013). An Impact Evaluation of BRAC's Microfinance Program in Uganda.
• Morris, G., & Barnes, C. (2005). An assessment of the impact of microfinance: a case study from Uganda. Journal of Microfinance/ESR Review, 7(1), 4. MTIC. (2015). Uganda Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) Policy.
• Nahamya K., W., Ajanga Max., Michael Omeke., Tumwine Norman., Nasinyama Moses ( 2015 ). The Impact of Microfinance Service Delivery on the Growth of SMEs in Uganda.
• Okurut, F. N., Banga, M., & Mukungu, A. (2004). Microfinance and poverty reduction in Uganda: Achievements and challenges: Economic Policy Research Centre.
• Osunsan, O. K. (2015). Gender and Performance of Small Scale Enterprises in Kampala, Uganda. Asian Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities Vol, 4, 1.
• Santos, J. B., & Brito, L. A. L. (2012). Toward a subjective measurement model for firm performance. BAR-Brazilian Administration Review, 9(SPE), 95-117.
• Theophilus, A. (2011). An Impact Assessment of Microfinance Institutions on Women Entrepreneurs in Small and Medium Enterprises A Case Study of Sinapi Aba Trust. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.
• Tiwari, P., & Fahad, S. (2004). Microfinance Institutions in India. Concept Paper: Microfinance Institutions in India available at http://www. gdre. org/icm/conceptpaer-india. html.
• UBOS. (2014). National Population and Housing Census.
• Van Rooyen, C., Stewart, R., & De Wet, T. (2012). The impact of microfinance in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the evidence. World Development, 40(11), 2249-2262.
• Wahid, A. (1994). The Grameen Bank and poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 53(1), 1-15.
• Wakoko, F. (2003). Microfinance and women's empowerment in Uganda: a socioeconomic approach. The Ohio State University.
• Wanambisi, A. N., & Bwisa, H. M. (2013). Effects of Microfinance Lending on Business Performance: A survey of micro and small enterprises in Kitale Municipality, Kenya. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(7), 56.
• Wang, X. (2013). The impact of microfinance on the development of small and medium enterprises: The case of Taizhou, China. The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• Waters, C. D. J. (1999). 101 ways to improve business performance: Kogan Page Lpc.