DETERMINANTS OF REMITTANCES IN PAKISTAN: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF REMITTANCES FROM SKILLED AND UNSKILLED MIGRANTS
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 67 - 77, 31.03.2023
Husnain Ali
,
Inza Murtaza
Öz
Remittances have emerged as a vital player in the balance of Payments of different countries and are pivotal for the stability of the external sector of developing countries such as Pakistan. This study analyses the macroeconomic determinants of remittances as well as the comparative remittances of skilled and unskilled workers to draw a clearer picture of the current state and composition of the remittances. The study makes use of Johansen’s co-integration technique to check for the existence of long run liaison among the variables. The study finds that remittances are positively and negatively affected by unskilled and skilled migration respectively. The macroeconomic variables included in the model are also found to be significant factors determining the flow of remittances to Pakistan.
Kaynakça
- Aydas, O. T., Ozcan, K. M., & Neyapti, B. (2005). Determinants of workers' remittances. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade , 53-69.
- Banga, R., & Sahu, P. K. (2007). Impact of remittances an poverty in developnig countries. Working Paper . World Bank.
- Bollard, A., Mckenzie, D., Morten, M., & Rapoport, H. (2009, October). Remittances and the brain drain revisited: The microdata sshow that more educated migrants remit more. Discussion Paper Series . Germnay: IZA.
- Dilshad, B. W. (2013). Impact of workers' remitances on economic growth: An empirical study of Pakistan's economy. International Journal of Businees and Management , 126-131.
- Elbadawi, I. A., & Rocha, R. d. (1992, november). Determinanats of Expariate workers' remittances in North Africa and Europe. Working Papers . The World Bank.
- Faini, R. (2006, June). Remittances and the Brain Drain. Discussion Paper Series . Germany: IZA.
- Hasan, M. M. (2008, February). The macroeconomic determinants of remittances in Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Institute of Microfinanace.
- Hussain, R., & Anjum, A. G. (2014). Workers' remittances and GDP growth in Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues , 376-381.
International migrant remittances and their role in development. (2006). International Migration Outlook , 140-160.
- Javid, M., Arif, U., & Qayyum, A. (2012). impact of remittances on economic growth and poverty. Academic Research International , 433-447.
Mouhoud, E. M., Oudinet, J., & Unan, E. (2008, February). Macroeconomic determinants of remittances in the southern and eastern mediteranean countries. Working Paper .
- Niimi, Y., Ozden, C., & Schiff, M. (2008, March). Remittances and the brain drain: Skilled migrants do remit less. Discussion Paper Series . Germany: IZA.
- Nishat, M., & Bilgrami, N. (1993). The detrminants of worker's remittances in Pakistan. The Paksitan Development Review , 1235-1245.
Ojapinwa, & Victor, T. (2012). Determinats of migrants' remittances in Nigeria: An econometric ananlysis. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science , 295-301.
- Ponce, R. C., Preciado, V. T., & Rivera, J. L. (n.d.). Macroeconomic detrminants of remittances: The case of El Salvador .
- Ullah, I., Rahman, M. U., Jebran, K., & Zeb, A. (2015). Terrorism and workers' remittances in Pakistan. Journal of Businees Studies , 179-189.
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 67 - 77, 31.03.2023
Husnain Ali
,
Inza Murtaza
Kaynakça
- Aydas, O. T., Ozcan, K. M., & Neyapti, B. (2005). Determinants of workers' remittances. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade , 53-69.
- Banga, R., & Sahu, P. K. (2007). Impact of remittances an poverty in developnig countries. Working Paper . World Bank.
- Bollard, A., Mckenzie, D., Morten, M., & Rapoport, H. (2009, October). Remittances and the brain drain revisited: The microdata sshow that more educated migrants remit more. Discussion Paper Series . Germnay: IZA.
- Dilshad, B. W. (2013). Impact of workers' remitances on economic growth: An empirical study of Pakistan's economy. International Journal of Businees and Management , 126-131.
- Elbadawi, I. A., & Rocha, R. d. (1992, november). Determinanats of Expariate workers' remittances in North Africa and Europe. Working Papers . The World Bank.
- Faini, R. (2006, June). Remittances and the Brain Drain. Discussion Paper Series . Germany: IZA.
- Hasan, M. M. (2008, February). The macroeconomic determinants of remittances in Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Institute of Microfinanace.
- Hussain, R., & Anjum, A. G. (2014). Workers' remittances and GDP growth in Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues , 376-381.
International migrant remittances and their role in development. (2006). International Migration Outlook , 140-160.
- Javid, M., Arif, U., & Qayyum, A. (2012). impact of remittances on economic growth and poverty. Academic Research International , 433-447.
Mouhoud, E. M., Oudinet, J., & Unan, E. (2008, February). Macroeconomic determinants of remittances in the southern and eastern mediteranean countries. Working Paper .
- Niimi, Y., Ozden, C., & Schiff, M. (2008, March). Remittances and the brain drain: Skilled migrants do remit less. Discussion Paper Series . Germany: IZA.
- Nishat, M., & Bilgrami, N. (1993). The detrminants of worker's remittances in Pakistan. The Paksitan Development Review , 1235-1245.
Ojapinwa, & Victor, T. (2012). Determinats of migrants' remittances in Nigeria: An econometric ananlysis. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science , 295-301.
- Ponce, R. C., Preciado, V. T., & Rivera, J. L. (n.d.). Macroeconomic detrminants of remittances: The case of El Salvador .
- Ullah, I., Rahman, M. U., Jebran, K., & Zeb, A. (2015). Terrorism and workers' remittances in Pakistan. Journal of Businees Studies , 179-189.