ERCoRe Learning Model to Improve Creative-Thinking Skills of Preservice Biology Teachers

Abstract

It is a challenge for higher education in the 21st century to prepare the students with various skills to master, including creative-thinking skills. Creative-thinking skills are essential to apply in all courses, one of which is Animal Structure. This research aims to determine the effect of the ERCoRe learning model in improving the creative-thinking skills of preservice biology teachers. It was conducted using the pretest-posttest control-group quasi-experimental design. The sample in this research were preservice teachers in the Biology Education Department of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sulawesi Barat Indonesia, who were enrolled in the even semester of the 2018/2019 academic year with the Animal Structure course. The subjects of this research were 84 preservice teachers in 4 classes, which were divided into two experimental classes and two control classes. The number of preservice teachers in the experimental class was 44 and in the control class 40. The experimental class was taught with the ERCoRe learning model and the control class with the conventional model, namely the lecture and question and answer methods. The research instrument used was an essay test of creative-thinking skills totaling 13 items. The research data were analyzed using one-way Ancova. It was found that the creative-thinking skills of the preservice teachers generated by the ERCoRe learning model were higher than those generated by the conventional model. The use of the ERCoRe learning model influences and can improve the creative-thinking skills of preservice biology teachers at the Universitas Sulawesi Barat. The authors recommend that the ERCoRe learning model be used for other subjects as considered to have the potential in developing 21st century skills, especially creative thinking.

Keywords

• Creative-Thinking Skill,Preservice Biology Teacher

References

1. Acar, S., Abdulla Alabbasi, A. M., Runco, M. A., & Beketayev, K. (2019). Latency as a predictor of originality in divergent thinking. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 33, 100574. doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2019.100574
2. Agbowuro, C., Saidu, S., & Jimwan, C. (2017). Creative and Functional Education: The Challenges and Prospects in a Comatose Economy. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(8), 37–40.
3. Agustini, R., & Suyatna, A. (2018). Developing Inquiry-Based Practice Equipment of Heat Conductivity to Foster the Students’ Critical Thinking Ability. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni, 7(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.24042/jipfalbiruni.v7i1.1848
4. Akkaya, N & Demirel, M.V. (2012). Teacher Candidates’ use of Questioning Skills in During-Reading and Post-Reading Strategies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol.46, 4301-4305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.244
5. Al-Oweidi, A. (2013). Creative Characteristics and Its Relation to Achievement and School Type among Jordanian Students. Creative Education, 4(1), 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ce.2013.41004
6. Amponsah, S., Benjamin, A., & Ernest, A. (2019). Lin’s Creative Pedagogy Framework as a Strategy for Fostering Creative Learning in Ghanaian Schools. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 31(May 2018), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.09.002.
7. Ananiadou, K. & Claro, M. (2009). “21st Century Skills and Competences for New Millennium Learners in OECD Countries”, OECD Education Working Papers, No. 41, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/218525261154
8. Apino, E., & Retnawati, H. (2017). Developing Instructional Design to Improve Mathematical Higher Order Thinking Skills of Students. Journal Phys.: Conf. Series. 812 012100 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/812/1/012100

9. Birgili, B. (2015). Creative dan Critical Thinking Skills in Problem-based learning Environments. Journal of Gifted Education and Creativity, 2(2), 71-80. DOI: 10.18200/JGEDC.2015214253
10. Buran, A., & Filyukov, A. (2015). Mind Mapping Technique in Language Learning. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 206, 215-218. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.10.010
11. Buzan, T. (2005). The ultimate book of Mind Maps. London: Thorsons
12. Chan, Z. C. Y. (2013). Exploring Creativity and Critical Thinking in Traditional and Innovative Problem-based Learning Groups. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22(15016), 2298–2307. https:// doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12186.
13. Darmawan, H. (2014) Peningkatan Kreativitas Mahasiswa dalam Merancang Media Pembelajaran Multimedia IPA Berbasis Animasi (Improving Student’s Creativity in Designing Animation-Based Science Learning Media). Edukasi, 12(2), 193-204
14. Davies, M. (2010). Concept Mapping, Mind Mapping and Argument Mapping: What are the Differences and do They Matter? Higher Education. doi: 10.1007/s10734-010-9387-6
15. Davis, M. L., Thwaites, R., Freeston, M. H., & Bennett-Levy, J. (2014). A Measurable Impact of a Selfpractice/Self-reflection Programme on the Therapeutic Skills of Experienced Cognitive-Behavioural Therapists. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy. doi:10.1002/cpp.1884
16. Evans, A. (2013). Best Practices: Australian Clinical Legal Education. The Law Teacher, 47(3), 421–423. doi:10.1080/03069400.2013.852002
17. Eratay, E. (2017). An Investigation of the Creativity of Turkish Fine Arts High School Students: A Case Study. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 5(2), 55-70. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17478/JEGYS.2017.56
18. Erdimez, O., Tan, S., & Zimmerman, R. (2017). The Use of Concept Maps as a Tool to Measure Higher Level Thinking Skills in Elementary School Science Classes. Journal For Educational of Gifted Young Scientists, 5(1), 1-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17478/JEGYS.2016221898.
19. Fatmawati, B. (2011) Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif Mahasiswa (Project Based Learning to Enhance Students’ Creative-Thinking Skills.). Jurnal Pengajaran MIPA. 16(1) 85-92.
20. Hariyadi, S., Corebima, A. D., & Zubaidah, S. (2018). The Contribution of Mind Mapping, Summarizing and Questioning in the RQA Learning Model to Genetic Learning Outcomes. Journal of Turkish Science Education (TUSED), 15(1), 80–88. https://doi.org/10.12973/tused.10222a.
21. Hidayati, N., Zubaidah, S., Suarsini, E., & Praherdhiono, H. (2019). The Integrated PBL-DMM: A Learning Model to Enhance Student Creativity. Pedagogy. 135(3) 163-184. https://doi.org/10.15823/p.2019.135.9
22. Holzman, S. (2004). Thinking maps: Strategy-Based Learning for English language Learners (and Others). Presented at the 13th Annual Administrator Conference. Ismirawati. N., Corebima. D. A., Zubaidah. S. & Syamsuri. I. (2015) Prototype Model Pembelajaran ERCoRe untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Metakognitif (Prototype of
23. ERCoRe Learning Model to Improve Metacognitive Skills). National Conference on Science Education Master in Science Education and Doctor Education IPA FKIP UNS. FKIP UNS. November 227-239
24. Ismirawati, N., Corebima, A. D., Zubaidah, S., & Syamsuri, I. (2018). Ercore Learning Model Potential for Enhancing Student Retention among Different Academic Ability. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 77, 19-34. Doi: 10.14689/ejer.2018.77.2
25. Kaendler, C., Wiedmann, M., Rummel, N., & Spada, H. (2015). Teacher Competencies for the Implementation of Collaborative Learning in the Classroom: A Framework and Research Review. Educational Psychology Review, 27, 505–536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-014-9288-9.
26. Kaufman, J. C., Plucker, J. A., & Baer, J. (2008). Essentials of creativity assessment. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
27. Kennett, Y. N., Levy, O., Kenett, D. Y., Stanley, H. E., Faust, M., & Havlin, S. (2018). Flexibility of Thought in High Creative Individuals Represented by Percolation Analysis. PNAS Early Edition. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717362115.
28. Kern, C. S., Bush, K. L., & McCleish, J. M. (2006). Mind-mapped Care Plans: Integrating an Innovative Educational Tool as an Alternative to Traditional Care Plans. Journal of Nursing Education, 45, 112–119. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20060401-04
29. Kind, P. M., & Kind, V. (2007). Creativity in Science Education: Perspectives and Challenges for Developing School Science. Studies in Science Education, 43(1), 1–37. doi:10.1080/03057260708560225
30. Laboskey, V. K., & Hamilton, M. L. (2010). Doing as I do: The Role of Teacher Education Self-Study in Educating for Reflective Inquiry. Handbook of Reflection and Reflective Inquiry. Pp. 333-350)
31. Liu, Y., Tong, Y., & Yang, Y. (2018). The Application of Mind Mapping into College Computer Programming Teaching. Procedia Computer Science, 129, 66-70. 10.1016/j.procs.2018.03.047
32. Liu，Y, Zhao, G., Ma, G., & Bo, Y. (2014). The effect of mind mapping on teaching and learning: A meta-analysis. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(8), 17-31.
33. Lucchiari C, Sala PM, Vanutelli ME. (2018). The effects of a cognitive pathway to promote class creative thinking. An experimental study on Italian primary school students, Thinking Skills and Creativity. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.12.002
34. Luthvitasari, N., Made, N., & Linuwih, S. (2012) Implementasi Pembelajaran Fisika Berbasis Proyek terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis, Berpikir Kreatif dan Kemahiran Generasi Sains (The Implementation of Project-Based Physics Learning for Critical-Thinking Skills, Creative-Thinking Skills and the Skillfulness of Science Generation). Journal of Innovative Science Education, 1(2)
35. Luzyawati, L. (2015) Profil Tingkat Penguasaan Keterampilan Dasar Mengajar Mahasiswa Calon Guru Biologi (Profile of Basic Skills of Teaching Mastery of Prospective Biology Teachers). Jurnal Pengajaran MIPA, Volume 20 (1), p. 88-93
36. Lyons, N. (Ed.). (2010). Handbook of reflection and reflective inquiry: Mapping a way of knowing for professional reflective inquiry. Boston, MA: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
37. Macaulay, P, J.R., Betts, L, R., Stiller, J., Kellezi, B. (2018). Perceptions and Responses towards Cyberbullying: A Systematic Review of Teachers in The Education System. Aggression and Violent Behavior 43 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.08.004
38. Mahmud, I., Islam, Y. M. & Rawshon, S. (2013). Engineering Creativity by Using Computer aided Mindmap. American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), 2(7), 28–32.
39. McTigue, E., Douglass, A., Wright, KL, Hodges, TS, Franks, AD. (2015). Beyond the Story Map: Inferential Comprehension via Character Perspective. Reading Teacher, 69(1), 91-101. DOI: 10.1002/trtr.1377.
40. Mohammadjani, F. & Tonkaboni, F. (2015). A Comparison between the Effect of Cooperative Learning Teaching Method and Lecture Teaching Method on Students’ Learning and Satisfaction Level. Journal International Education Studies, 8(9). doi:10.5539/ies.v8n9p107
41. Muhlisin, A. (2019). Reading, Mind Mapping, and Sharing (RMS): Innovation of New Learning Model on Science Lecture to Improve Understanding Concepts. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 7(2), 323-340. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17478/jegys.570501
42. Muhlisin, A., Susilo, H., Amin, M., Rohman, F. (2016). Improving Critical Thinking Skilss of College Students Throught RMS model for Learning Basic Concept in Science. Asia-Pasific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching. 17(1).
43. Muhlisin, A., Susilo, H., Amin, M., Rohman, F. (2018). The Effectiveness of RMS Learning Model in Improving Metacognitive Skills on Science Basic Concept. Journal of Turkish Science Education. 15(4). DOI: 10.12973/tused.10242a
44. Musadad, A. A. (2011) Peningkatan Kreativitas dan Hasil Belajar Sejarah Indonesia Kuno Melalui Optimalisasi Model Pemecahan Masalah Kreatif Dalam Proses Belajar Mengajar (PBM) di Prodi Sejarah FKIP – UNS (Improvement of Creativity and Learning Outcomes Through Optimization of Creative Problem-Solving Models in Teaching and Learning (PBM) in History Study Program FKIP – UNS). Journal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 17(1), 1–11.
45. Neergaard, H., Robinson, S., Tanggaard, L. & Krueger, N. (2012) Pedagogical Interventions in Entrepreneurship from Behaviourism to Existential Learning. http://www.isbe.org.uk/Award-Winning-Conference-Papers2012
46. Ozyaprak, M. (2016). The Effectiveness of SCAMPER Technique on Creative Thinking Skills. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 4(1), 31-40. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17478/JEGYS.2016116348
47. Prachagool, V., Nuangchalerm, P., Subramaniam, G. and Dostal, J. (2016). Pedagogical Decision Making Through the Lens of Teacher Preparation Program. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 4(1), 41-52. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17478/JEGYS.2016116351.
48. Ritchie, S. J., Luciano, M., Hansell, M. N., Wright, M. J., & Timothy C. Bates, T. C. (2013). The Relationship of Reading Ability to Creativity: Positive, Not Negative Associations. Learning and Individual Differences 26 (2013) 171–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2013.02.009.
49. Runco, M. A., & Jaeger, G. J. (2012). The Standard Definition of Creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 24(1), 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2012.650092.
50. Saregar, A., Irwandani, I., Abdurrahman, A., Parmin, P., Septiana, S., Diani, R., & Sagala, R. (2018). Temperature and Heat Learning Through SSCS Model with Scaffolding: Impact on Students’ Critical Thinking Ability. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 6(3), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.17478/JEGYS.2018.80
51. Sulistiyono, E., Mahanal, S., Saptasari, M. (2017). Pembelajaran Biologi Berbasis Speed Reading-Mind Mapping (SR-MM) (Learning Biology Based on Speed Reading-Mind Mapping SR-MM). Jurnal Pendidikan, 2(9), 1226-1230.
52. Sternberg, R. (2006). The nature of creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 18(1), 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1801_10.
53. Tan, L. S., Lee, S. S., Ponnusamy, L. D., Koh, E. R., & Tan, K. C. K. (2016). Fostering Creativity in the Classroom for High Ability Students: Context Does Matter. Education Sciences, 6(4), 36.https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci6040036.
54. Treffinger, D. J., Young, G.C., & Selby, E.C. (2002). Assessing Creativity: A Guide for Educator. The Nation Research Center on the gifted and Talented. Center of Creative learning: Sarasota Florida.
55. Trilling, B. & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st Century Skills: Learning for Life in Our Times. San Francisco, Calif., Jossey-Bass/John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
56. Tumurun, S. P., Gusrayani, D., & Jayadinata A. K. (2016) Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa pada Materi Sifat-Sifat Cahaya (The Effect of Discovery Learning Model on Students' Creative-Thinking Skills on the Characteristics of Light). Jurnal Pena Ilmiah. Vol 1 (1).
57. Ulibarri, N., Cravens, A. E., Cornelius, M., Royalty, A., & Nabergoj, A. S. (2014). Research as Design: Developing Creative Confidence in Doctoral Students through Design Thinking. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 9, 249-270. Retrieved from http://ijds.org/Volume9/IJDSv9p249-270Ulibarri0676.pdf
58. Valli, L., & Buese, D. (2007). The Changing Roles of Teachers in an Era of High-Stakes Accountability. American Educational Research Journal 44(3), 519-553. DOI: 10.3102/0002831207306859.
59. Vijayaratnam, P. (2009). Cooperative Learning as a Means to Developing Students’ Critical and Creative Thinking Skills. Proceeding of the 2nd International Conference of Teaching and Learning (ICTL)
60. Wang, A. Y. (2012). Exploring The Relationship of Creative Thinking to reading and Writing. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 7, 38-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2011.09.001
61. Warouw, Z. W. M. (2011) Pemberdayaan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Berkemampuan Akademik Rendah Melalui Penggunaan LKS dengan Strategi Pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching dan Metakognitif Pada Siswa SMP (SMP Negeri dan Swasta di Tornado Kabupaten Minahasa) (Empowerment of Critical-Thinking Skills of Junior High School Students with Low Academic Abilities through the Use of Worksheets with Reciprocal and Metacognitive Learning Strategies (Public and Private Junior High Schools in Tornado, Minahasa Regency). HB research report.
62. Yazici, D., Akman, B., Mercan-Uzun, E., & Kardes, S. (2017). Preservice Preschool Teachers’ Views on the Characteristics of Gifted Children. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 5(3), 70-89. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17478/JEGYS.2017.65
63. Zubaidah, S. (2016) Keterampilan Abad ke-21: Keterampilan yang diajarkan melalui Pembelajaran: (21st Century Skills: Skills Taught through Learning): A Paper presented at the National Seminar on the 21st Century Science Learning Strategy Issues at STKIP Perdana Katulistiwa Sintang, December 9, 2016).
64. Zubaidah, S. (2018) Keterampilan Abad 21: Bagaimana Membelajarkan dan Mengaksesnya (21st Century Skills: How to Learn and Access). National Seminar with the theme "21st Century Biological and Educational Challenges (pp, 1-26). Riau: Biology Education FKIP Universitas Islam Riau.
65. Zubaidah, S, Fuad, N. M., Mahanal, S &, Suarsini, E. (2017). Improving Creative Thinking Skills of Students through Differentiated Science Inquiry Integrated with Mind Map. Journal of Turkish Science Education. Volume 14, Issue 4. doi: 10.12973/tused.10214a