Türk Lise Öğrencilerinde İngilizce Konuşma Kaygısının İncelenmesi: Karma Yöntem Çalışması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 149 - 166, 31.12.2025

Ayşe Çakir , Gökhan Kayır

https://doi.org/10.52974/jena.1752059

Öz

Konuşma, etkili iletişim için aktif dil kullanımını gerektiren üretken bir beceridir. Konuşma sırasında yaşanan kaygı, dil öğrenenlerin dil becerilerini engeller. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki lise öğrencilerinde yabancı dil konuşma kaygısı ve nedenlerini incelemektedir. Karma yöntem araştırması kullanılarak, 324 öğrenciden İngilizce Konuşma Kaygı Ölçeği ve 101 öğrenciye yönelik bir anket aracılığıyla veri toplanmıştır. Veriler tematik analiz ve çoklu karşılaştırma testleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, kız öğrencilerin ve 9. sınıf öğrencilerinin daha yüksek kaygı düzeyleri yaşadığını, ancak ana derslerinin bu kaygıyı önemli ölçüde etkilemediğini göstermiştir. Kaygının nedenleri arasında akran eleştirisi, yetersizlik duygusu ve hata yapma korkusu yer almaktadır. Özellikle, Türkçe konuşanlarla tanışan öğrenciler hatalara karşı olumlu bir tutum sergilemiştir. Yabancı dil konuşma kaygısını hafifleten etkinliklerin müfredata dahil edilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İngilizce Konuşma Kaygısı, , Lise Öğrencileri , Lise , Öz- Düzenleme Teorisi

An Examination of English-Speaking Anxiety Among Turkish High School Students: A Mixed-Method Study

Öz

Speaking is a productive skill needing active language use for effective communication. Anxiety during speaking inhibits language learners' proficiency. This study examines foreign language speaking anxiety and its causes among high school students in Türkiye. Using mixed-method research, data were collected from 324 students through the English-Speaking Anxiety Scale and a questionnaire for 101 students. Thematic analysis and multiple comparison tests analyzed the data. Findings showed that female and 9th-grade students experienced higher anxiety levels, while their primary courses did not significantly influence this anxiety. Reasons for anxiety included peer criticism, feelings of inadequacy, and fear of mistakes. Notably, students meeting Turkish speakers displayed a positive attitude toward mistakes. It is recommended to include activities in the curriculum that alleviate foreign language speaking anxiety.

Anahtar Kelimeler

English Speaking Anxiety , High School Students , High Schools , Self- Determination Theory

Kaynakça

• Abuhussein, H., Qassrawi, R., & Shaath, S. (2023). Utilizing remote speaking tasks for tackling foreign language anxiety. Cogent Education, 10(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2238150
• Akto, A., Serim, A. M., & Bindak, R. (2021). Yabancı dil kaygısının bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi: Mardin Yeşilli İlçesi örneklemi [Examination of foreign language anxiety in terms of some variables: The case of Mardin Yeşilli District]. Gazi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 198-213.
• Alamer, A., & Almulhim, F. (2021). The Interrelation Between Language Anxiety and Self-Determined Motivation; A Mixed Methods Approach. Frontiers Education, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.618655.
• Alkan, H., Bümen, N. T., & Uslu, Ö. (2019). İngilizce Konuşma Kaygısı Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanma çalışması [The adaptation of the Foreign language speaking anxiety Scale into Turkish]. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(2), 1157-1180.
• Alnahidh, F., & Altalhab, S. (2020). The level and sources of foreign language speaking anxiety among Saudi EFL university students. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 11, 55-64. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.11n.1p.55
• Aslan, E., & Thompson, A. (2018). The interplay between learner beliefs and foreign language anxiety: Insights from the Turkish EFL context. The Language Learning Journal, 49, 189-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2018.1540649
• Aydın, S., & Zengin, B. (2008). Yabancı dil öğreniminde kaygı: Bir literatür özeti [Foreign language learning anxiety: A literature review]. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 4(1), 81-94.
• Aydın, S., Akkaş, F., Türnük, T., Beydilli, A., & Saydam, İ. (2020). Test anxiety among foreign language learners: A qualitative study. The Qualitative Report, 25(12), 4290-4309. 4309. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2020.4686
• Aydın, Y., & Kurt, D. G. (2022). Lise öğrencilerinin yabancı dil kaygısının farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi [Examining high school students' foreign language anxiety in terms of different variables]. Uluslararası Psiko-Sosyal Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(3), 57-74.
• Bashori, M., van Hout, R., Strik, H., & Cucchiarini, C. (2020). Web-based language learning and speaking anxiety. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 35, 1058-1089. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2020.1770293
• Baş, G. (2014). Lise öğrencilerinde yabancı dil öğrenme kaygısı: Nitel bir araştırma [Foreign language learning anxiety among high school students: A qualitative study]. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(36), 101-119.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2022). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods] (33. Baskı). Pegem Akademi.
• Cameron, R. (2009). A sequential mixed model research design: Design, analytical, and display issues. International journal of multiple research approaches, 3(2), 140-152.
• Cheng, Y. (2002). Factors associated with foreign language writing anxiety. Foreign Language Annals, 35(6), 647-656. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.19449720.2002.tb01903.x
• Coppinger, L., & Sheridan, D. S. (2022). Accent anxiety: An exploration of non-native accent as a source of speaking anxiety among English as a foreign language (EFL) students. The Journal for the Psychology of Language Learning, 4(2), 1-20. https://jpll.org/index.php/journal/article/view/93
• Creswell, J. W. (1999). Mixed-method research: Introduction and application. In Handbook of educational policy (pp. 455-472). Academic Press.
• Dewaele, J. M., Petrides, K. V., & Furnham, A. (2008). The effects of trait emotional intelligence and sociobiographical variables on communicative and foreign language anxiety among adult multilinguals: A review and empirical investigation. Language Learning, 58(4), 911-960. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2008.00482.x
• Djaguna, F., Basri, M., & Husain, B. (2020). Anxiety level among English-speaking Ahmad Dahlan students. Lire Journal (Journal of Linguistics and Literature, 4(1), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.36841/PGSDUNARS.V8I1.590
• Dikmen, M. (2021). EFL learners’ foreign language learning anxiety and language performance: A meta-analysis study. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 8(3), 206-222. https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.908048
• Doğan, A. (2008). Lise öğrencilerinin İngilizce öğrenimlerini etkileyen yabancı dil kaygısı [Foreign language anxiety affecting high school students' English learning]. Dil Dergisi, 139, 48-67. https://doi.org/10.1501/Dilder_0000000088
• Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
• Effiong, O. (2016). Getting them speaking: Classroom social factors and foreign language anxiety. TESOL Journal, 7(1), 132-161. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.194
• Eminoğlu Küçüktepe, S., & Öztürk, C. (2020). Meslek lisesi öğrencilerinin İngilizce konuşma kaygıları üzerine bir inceleme [An investigation of vocational high school students' Foreign language speaking anxiety]. 5th International Scientific Research Congress (IBAD - 2020), 216. İstanbul, Türkiye.
• Fajri, D. (2020). Foreign language anxiety in students’ speaking and writing skills. JELTL, 3(1), 66-79. https://doi.org/10.47080/jeltl.v3i1.786
• Gantina, A., Rustandi, A., & Rachmawati, E. (2023). Student’s strategies for reducing anxiety in speaking English. UC Journal, 4(2), 64-74. https://doi.org/10.24071/uc.v4i2.6424
• Gedik, M. (2015). Siirt örnekleminde ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin konuşma kaygılarının incelenmesi. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(13), 77-93.
• Hanifa, R. (2018). Factors generating anxiety when learning EFL speaking skills. Studies in English Language and Education, 5(2), 230-239. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v5i2.10932
• Horwitz, E. (2010). Foreign and second language anxiety. Language Teaching, 43, 154-167. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026144480999036X
• Horwitz, E., Horwitz, M., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70, 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-4781.1986.TB05256.X
• Karataş, H., Alcı, B., Bademcioğlu, M., & Ergin, A. (2016). An investigation into university students' foreign language speaking anxiety. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 232, 382-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.053
• Kındığılı, A. L. (2022). Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinde yabancı dil konuşma kaygısı ile cinsiyet, okul türü, yabancı dil eğitim geçmişi ilişkisinin incelenmesi [Examining the relationship between foreign language speaking anxiety, gender, school type, and foreign language education background in secondary school students]. Spor, Eğitim ve Çocuk, 2(2), 24-35. https://doi.org/10.5505/sec.2022.36855
• Kianinezhad, N. (2024). Foreign Language Anxiety in Education. JELITA, 5(1), 123-143. https://doi.org/10.56185/jelita.v5i1.477
• Kondo, D. (1994). Strategies for reducing public speaking anxiety in Japan. Communication Reports, 7, 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/08934219409367579
• Kozikoğlu, İ., & Kanat, F. (2018). Lise öğrencilerinin İngilizce dersine katılım durumlarının ingilizce dersine yönelik tutum ve İngilizce konuşma kaygısına göre yordanması. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 26(5), 1643-1652.
• Kozikoğlu, İ., & Memduhoğlu, H. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yabancı dil derslerine ilişkin tutumları [University students' attitudes towards foreign language courses]. Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (24), 184-202. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/zgefd/issue/47937/606410
• Kurt, E., & Acat, M. B. (2016). Yabancı dil olarak İngilizce öğrenen lise öğrencilerinin özerklik algılarının incelenmesi [Examining high school students' perceptions of autonomy in learning English as a foreign language]. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(4), 1880-1902.
• Liu, M., & Jackson, J. (2008). An exploration of Chinese EFL learners' unwillingness to communicate and foreign language anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 92, 7186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2008.00687.x
• Lu, J. (2024). Exploring the studies on speaking anxiety in second/foreign language learning. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 26, 788-794. https://doi.org/10.54097/36v69309
• MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Methods and results in studying anxiety and language learning: A literature review. Language Learning, 41(1), 85-117.
• Mariani, J., Wathoni, H., Ushuluddin, U., Jaelani, S., Husnu, M., Berbicara, F., & Kecemasan, M. (2023). A study on students’ strategies to reduce speaking anxiety. Atmosfer: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, Budaya, dan Sosial Humaniora, 1(4), 76-84. https://doi.org/10.59024/atmosfer.v1i4.333
• Matsuda, S., & Gobel, P. (2004). Anxiety and predictors of performance in the foreign language classroom. System, 32, 21-36.
• McEown, M., & Oga-Baldwin, W. (2019). Self-determination for all language learners: New applications for formal language education. System. 86. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SYSTEM.2019.102124
• Namaziandost, E., Çakmak, F., Heydarnejad, T., & Rezai, A. (2024). The predictive effects of learner autonomy and academic engagement on willingness to communicate, foreign language learning self-esteem, and L2 grit in an EFL context. Acta psychologica, 250, 104528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104528
• Noels, K., Pelletier, L., Clément, R., & Vallerand, R. (2000). Why Are You Learning a Second Language? Motivational Orientations and Self‐Determination Theory. Language Learning, 50, 57-85. https://doi.org/10.1111/0023-8333.00111.
• Nugroho, H., & Hapsari, A. (2024). EFL high school students’ strategies for reducing speaking anxiety. The Journal of English Teaching for Young and Adult Learners, 3(1), 42-56. https://doi.org/10.21137/jeeyal.2024.3.1.6
• Nurahman, R., Hidayat, I., & Rosyid, A. (2023). Students’ strategies in coping with anxiety in speaking English. Paradigma, 20(1), 96-113. https://doi.org/10.33558/paradigma.v20i1.5936
• Ockert, D. (2015). Japanese JHS students' ideal L2 selves: Confidence, anxiety, and willingness to communicate. Language Teaching, 38, 11. https://doi.org/10.37546/38.6-2
• Orakcı, Ş., Aktan, O., & Toraman, Ç. (2019). Lise öğrencilerinin İngilizce özerklik algısı, kaygısı ve özyeterlik inancı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Examining the relationship between high school students' perceptions of English autonomy, anxiety, and self-efficacy]. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 11(18), 424450.
• Öner, G., & Gedikoğlu, T. (2007). Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin İngilizce öğrenimlerini etkileyen yabancı dil kaygısı [Foreign language anxiety affecting high school students' English learning]. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(2), 6778.
• Özdemir, E., & Papi, M. (2021). Mindsets as sources of L2 speaking anxiety and selfconfidence: the case of international teaching assistants in the U.S. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 16, 234- 248. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2021.1907750.
• Öztürk, G., & Gürbüz, N. (2013). The impact of gender on foreign language speaking anxiety and motivation. Procedia-social and behavioral Sciences, 70, 654-665.
• Özer, Z., & Yetkin, R. (2022). Exploring the Link between Foreign Language Anxiety and Attitudes towards English among Turkish High School EFL Learners. FIRME: Forum for International Research in Multilingual Education, 7(2), 37-47. https://doi.org/10.32865/fire202172272
• Özgen, B. (1991). Anadolu Liseleri [Anatolian High Schools]. Eğitim ve Bilim, 15(82), 25-35.
• Saltan, F. (2003). EFL speaking anxiety: How do students and teachers perceive it? (Master's thesis, Middle East Technical University, Türkiye).
• Sadighi, F., & Dastpak, M. (2017). The sources of foreign language speaking anxiety of Iranian English language learners. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 5, 111-115. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.5n.4p.111
• Sevim, O. & Gedik, M. (2014). Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin konuşma kaygılarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, (52). 379-393.
• Samad, A., Ali, M., & Khan, A. (2021). An exploration of classroom-related sources of foreign language speaking anxiety of Pakistani university students. SJESR, 4(1), 211-221. https://doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol4-iss1-2021(211-221)
• Shang, Y., & Ma, L. (2024). Classroom anxiety, learning motivation, and English achievement of Chinese college students: The mediating role of self-efficacy. Acta psychologica, 251, 104550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104550
• Schmidt, R. (1990). The role of consciousness in second language learning. Applied Linguistics, 11(2), 129-158.
• Suhardi, S., & Harida, R. (2024). English Education Freshmen’ Experience on Language Learning Anxiety. SALIENCE: English Language, Literature, and Education. 4(2), 91-97. https://doi.org/10.60155/salience.v4i2.479
• Usluata, A. (1991). İletişim [Communication]. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
• Vural, İ., Tuna, Y., Birsen, Ö., Erzurum, F., Küçük, M., & Çolak, F. Ü. (2012). İletişim [Communication]. Pegem Akademi.
• Woodrow, L. (2006). Anxiety and speaking English as a second language. RELC Journal, 37(3), 308-328. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688206071315
• Xiwei, L. (2023). Exploring the Classification and Implications of Foreign Language Anxiety. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media, 28. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/28/20231322
• Yan, K. (2024). Foreign language speaking anxiety among Chinese students. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media, 54, 253-261. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/54/20241669
• Yan, X. (1998). Examining foreign language classroom anxiety: Its sources and effects in a college English program in China [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. The University of Texas at Austin.
• Yorulmaz, B., & Arabacıoğlu, B. (2023). Foreign Language Learning Anxiety in Turkey: The Case of Aydın Province. Shanlax International Journal of Education, 11(S1-Oct), 47-54. https://doi.org/10.34293/education.v11iS1-Oct.6612
• Zhang, J., Chiu, M., & Lei, H. (2022). Achievement, self-concept and anxiety in mathematics and English: A three-wave cross-lagged panel study. The British Journal of Educational Psychology, 93 (1), 56-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12539
• Zhang, S., & Lai, C. (2023). Investigation of factors underlying foreign language classroom anxiety in Chinese university English majors. Applied Linguistics Review, 15, 1939 - 1963. https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2021-0062