Otizm ve Çevresel İlişkiler: Derleme

Öz

Otizm; sosyal iletişimde yetersizlik, tekrarlayıcı davranış, aynılıkta ısrar eden bir yaşam biçiminin bebeklikten itibaren tüm hayat boyu süren bir spektrum bozukluğudur. Çarpıcı bir şekilde görülme sıklığındaki (59:1) artış hastalığın sebeplerine olan ilgiyi beraberinde getirmektedir. Çok sayıda etiyolojik çalışmaya rağmen henüz kesin bir sebep bulunamamış olmakla berber çevresel etmenler genetik yatkınlıkla beraber en çok suçlanan ajanların başında gelmektedir. Bu çalışma otizm- çevre ilişkisinin incelendiği çok sayıda yayının bir derlemesi şeklindedir. Literatürde çevresel maruziyetler açısından yapılmış çalışmaların çoğu ağır metaller ve hava kirliliği üzerine idi. Bazı endokrin bozucular için de çalışmalar olmasına rağmen sonuçlar açısından yeterli çalışma olmadığı görüldü. Ayrıca yapılan çalışmalarda benzer maddelerin farklı ülkelerde farklı sonuçlar doğurduğu tespit edildi. Ülkelere özgü maruziyet farklılıklar dikkate alındığında her ülkenin kendi çevresel kirleticileri ile otizm ilişkisinin araştırıldığı çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu sonucuna varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• otizm spektrum bozukluğu
• çevre kirliliği
• ağır metaller

Autism and Environmental Relations: Review

Öz

Autism; Inadequate social communication, repetitive behavior is a life-long spectrum disorder of a lifestyle that insists on sameness, starting from infancy. The striking increase in incidence (59:1) brings with it an interest in the causes of the disease. Despite numerous etiological studies, a definite cause has not been found yet, and environmental factors are among the most accused agents along with genetic predisposition. This study is in the form of a compilation of many publications examining the relationship between autism and environment. Most of the studies in the literature in terms of environmental exposures were on heavy metals and air pollution. Although there were studies for some endocrine disruptors, it was seen that there were not enough studies in terms of results. In addition, studies have found that similar substances have different results in different countries. Considering the country-specific exposure differences, it was concluded that there is a need for studies investigating the relationship between each country's own environmental pollutants and autism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• autism spectrum disorder
• heavy metal
• Environmental pollution

Kaynakça

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