Possible Effects of Climate Change on Bats

Öz

As one of our era’s most important environmental problems, climate change has negative effects on species, communities, and ecosystems. Bats have a wide distribution throughout Earth and significant roles in several ecosystem processes but they are also among organisms that will be negatively affected by climate change. In this study, possible effects of climate change on bats were revealed by reviewing observational, experimental, and modeling studies conducted in various biomes and geographies worldwide. In those studies, results on distribution, abundance, physiology, phenology, habitats, interactions with other species, foraging activity, and pathogen distribution efficiency of bat species were obtained. Available data suggest that responses of bat populations to climate change are complex, and generalizing is difficult due to species-specific responses. This review shows that our knowledge of the responses of bats to climate change is limited. More research is required on the response of bats to climate change, especially at the species level, in bats with different climatic requirements in different biogeographic regions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ecology
• Mammals
• Bats
• Global Warming
• Climate Change

İklim Değişikliğinin Yarasalar Üzerine Olası Etkileri

Öz

Çağımızın en önemli çevre sorunları arasında yer alan iklim değişikliği, türler, komüniteler ve ekosistemler üzerinde önemli olumsuz etkiler oluşturmaktadır. Dünyada geniş yayılış gösteren ve ekosistemlerin işleyişinde önemli rollere sahip olan yarasalar, iklim değişikliğinden önemli ölçüde etkilenecek canlılar arasındadır. Bu çalışmada, iklim değişikliğinin yarasalar üzerindeki olası etkileri, dünyanın farklı biyom ve coğrafyalarında gerçekleştirilen gözlemsel, deneysel ve modelleme odaklı çalışmaların derlenerek ortaya konmuştur. Bu çalışmalarda, yarasa türlerinin alansal yayılımı, bolluğu, fizyolojisi, fenolojisi, habitatları, diğer türlerle olan etkileşimleri, yiyecek arama aktivitesi ve patojen yayma etkinliği üzerine iklim değişikliğinin etkileri olduğuna ilişkin bulgular elde edilmiştir. Mevcut veriler, yarasa popülasyonlarının iklim değişikliğine karşı verdiği tepkilerin karmaşık olduğunu ve türe özgü tepkiler nedeniyle genelleme yapmanın zor olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu derleme çalışması, yarasaların iklim değişikliğine verdiği ve vereceği tepkiler hakkında sahip olduğumuz bilgilerin sınırlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Farklı biyocoğrafi bölgelerde yayılım gösteren ve farklı iklimsel gereksinimleri olan yarasaların iklim değişikliğine tepkilerinin özellikle tür seviyesinde daha çok araştırılması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ekoloji
• Memeliler
• Yarasalar
• Küresel Isınma
• İklim Değişikliği

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