Ereğli Limanı'ndaki Gemi Kaynaklı Emisyonların Analizi ve SOX Emisyonlarının Azaltılmasının Liman Emisyonlarına Katkısının İncelenmesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 23 - 33, 15.06.2020

Aydın Tokuşlu

Öz

1 Ocak 2020 itibariyle, Uluslararası Denizcilik Örgütü (IMO) tarafından alınan tedbirler kapsamında gemilerin kullandıkları yakıtların kükürt içeriği %3,5'ten %0,5'ye düşürülmüş ve gemiler tarafindan düşük kükürt oranına sahip yakıtlar kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu uygulama ile gemilerden kaynaklanan SOX ve PM emisyonlarının çevre ve insan sağlığı üzerindeki zararlı etkileri azaltılmış olunacaktır. Bu kapsamda, Ereğli limanını ziyaret eden gemilerin emisyonları 2019 yılı için hesaplanmış ve yıllık toplam emisyon SOX için 505 ton, PM için 70 ton, NOX için 1.281 ton, CO2 için 67.639 ton ve VOC için 49 ton olarak bulunmuştur. Limandaki ana kirletici gemi tipleri, genel kargo ve dökme yük gemileri olup, limandaki tüm gemi kaynaklı emisyonların %95'inden sorumludurlar. Gemi emisyonları en çok seyir modunda (%83), ardından liman modunda (%16) üretilmektedir. Liman bölgesindeki kirletici emisyonların oluşturduğu çevresel maliyetin, toplam 41,5 milyon $ olacağı hesaplanmış ve gemi başına çevresel maliyetin ortalama 58.734 $ olacağı öngörülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, 2020 yılından itibaren uygulamaya giren SOX azaltımının, Ereğli limanında PM ve SOX emisyonlarını azaltacağı, insan ve çevre sağlığı için kabul edilebilir seviyelere düşeceği gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ereğli Limani, Çevre Kirliliği, Liman, Emisyonlar, Sülfür Azaltımı

Analyzing the Shipping Emissions in Port of Ereğli and Examining the Contribution of SOX Emissions Reduction to the Port Emissions

Öz

As of January 1, 2020, the sulfur content in the fuel will be reduced from 3.5% to 0.50% within the scope of the measures implemented by IMO, and ships will use fuel with this rate of sulfur. With this practice, the harmful effects of SOX and PM emissions from ships on the environment and people will be reduced. The shipping emissions in the port of Ereğli were evaluated based on ship activity-based methods and total emissions generated from ships were 505 t y-1 for SOX, 70 t y-1 for PM, 1.281 t y-1 for NOX, 67.639 t y-1 for CO2, 49 t y-1 for VOC for the year of 2019. General cargo and bulk carrier vessels are the main polluters in the port and they are responsible for 95% of all shipping emissions. Shipping emissions are generally produced at cruising mode (83%), followed by hoteling mode (16%). The environmental cost of the shipping emissions for each pollutant has been predicted as $41,5 million and $58.734 per ship call. In this study, it has been observed that with the implementation of SOX reduction since 2020, PM and SOX emissions will decrease properly and fall to tolerable levels for human and environmental health in the port of Ereğli.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ereğli port, Environmental pollution, Port, Emissions, Sulphur reduction

Kaynakça

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