Göçün Ekonomik Etkileri: Enflasyon, İşsizlik ve Gelir Dağılımı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 21 - 35, 30.06.2025

Yunus Budak

Öz

Bu çalışma, göçün enflasyon, işsizlik ve gelir dağılımı üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmektedir. Göç, tarih boyunca toplumların ekonomik ve sosyal yapısını şekillendiren önemli bir olgu olmuştur. Ekonomik açıdan incelendiğinde, göçün enflasyon üzerindeki etkileri hem arz hem de talep yönlüdür. Göçmenlerin iş gücü piyasasına katılımı, düşük vasıflı iş gücünün artmasına bağlı olarak bazı sektörlerde ücretlerin baskılanmasına neden olabilir. Ancak, aynı zamanda konut, gıda ve sağlık hizmetlerine olan talebin artması fiyatları yükselterek enflasyonu artırabilir. Göç ve işsizlik arasındaki ilişki karmaşıktır. Göçmenlerin istihdama katılımı ekonomiyi canlandırıp işsizliği azaltabileceği gibi, özellikle düşük vasıflı yerli işçiler açısından rekabeti artırarak işsizlik oranlarını yükseltebilir. Gelir dağılımı açısından ise; göç hem eşitsizliği artırıcı hem de azaltıcı etkiler yaratabilir. Göçmenlerin genellikle düşük ücretli işlerde çalışmaları gelir eşitsizliğini derinleştirebilirken, uzun vadede ekonomik katkıları ve girişimcilik faaliyetleri istihdam yaratabilir. Sonuç olarak, göçün makroekonomik etkileri, göç alan ülkelerin ekonomik yapısına, iş gücü piyasası dinamiklerine ve sosyal politikalarına bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Bu nedenle, göç hareketlerinin iyi yönetilmesi, entegrasyon politikalarının etkin bir şekilde uygulanması ve sürdürülebilir ekonomik politikaların geliştirilmesi ekonomik istikrar açısından kritik öneme sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Göç, Enflasyon, İşsizlik, Gelir dağılımı

The Economic Effects of Migration: An Evaluation of Its Impact on Inflation, Unemployment, and Income Distribution

Öz

This study analyzes the effects of migration on inflation, unemployment, and income distribution. Migration has been a significant phenomenon throughout history, shaping the economic and social structures of societies. From an economic perspective, the effects of migration on inflation are both supply-side and demand-side. The participation of migrants in the labor market may lead to wage suppression in certain sectors due to an increase in low-skilled labor. However, at the same time, rising demand for housing, food, and healthcare services may drive prices upward, thereby contributing to inflation. The relationship between migration and unemployment is complex. While the participation of migrants in employment may stimulate the economy and reduce unemployment, it may also increase competition particularly for low-skilled native workers leading to a rise in unemployment rates. In terms of income distribution, migration can produce both inequality-increasing and inequality-reducing effects. Although migrants often work in low-wage jobs, which can exacerbate income inequality, their long-term economic contributions and entrepreneurial activities may generate employment. In conclusion, the macroeconomic effects of migration vary depending on the economic structure, labor market dynamics, and social policies of the host countries. Therefore, the effective management of migration flows, the successful implementation of integration policies, and the development of sustainable economic strategies are critically important for ensuring economic stability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Migration, Inflation, Unemployment, Income Distribution

Kaynakça

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