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DEPOSITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TECTONO-SEDIMENTARY DEVELOPMENT OF THE KARGI-İSKİLİP EOCENE SUBMARINE FAN SYSTEMS (ÇORUM, N-TURKEY)

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 786 - 803, 30.09.2022

Murat Şentürk , Ezher Tagliasacchi , Tülay Altay , Fuzuli Yagmurlu

https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1018563

Öz

The Kargı-İskilip Eocene deposits located in southern part of the North Anatolian Fault are very well exposed between Kargı and Çorum settlements in N-Turkey. These Eocene deposits are observed as submarine fan and fan delta systems. Submarine fan system is characterized by clastic sediments such as conglomerate, sandstones, siltstones, greyish coloured shale and mudstone alternations. Fan delta system is represented by pebbly sandstones, siltstones and coal seams in some parts. In this study, Kargı-İskilip Eocene sediments involved in İskilip Group were examined in detail (Hacıhalil, Yoncalı and Karabalçık formations). Thus, the sedimentary facies indicating depositional environments and processes were revealed. For this research, six measured sedimentary sections (MSS) have been taken systematically and eight sedimentary facies are described and interpreted. The facies changes in vertically and laterally indicate that Kargı-İskilip Eocene deposits present as regressive character from south to north. Well outcropped sections in the studied area show that the Kargı-İskilip deposits particularly represent as flysch character (Lower Eocene) and progressively passed to the fan delta (Middle Eocene) which characterized by coarse grained clastics alternating with fine grained sediments with coal-bearing. besides, volcanic rocks outcropped as syn-sedimentary deposition with Lower Eocene marine sediments is observed commonly. In the investigated area, which formed as a piggy-back basin, syn-sedimentary growth faults also play an active role for the deepening of the basin infill.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fan Delta system Submarine fan Sedimentary facies Eocene deposits Kargı-İskilip N-Turkey

Kaynakça

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KARGI-İSKİLİP EOSEN YAŞLI DENİZALTI YELPAZE SİSTEMLERİNİN DEPOLANMA ÖZELLİKLERİ VE TEKTONO-SEDİMANTER GELİŞİMİ (ÇORUM, K-TÜRKİYE)

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 786 - 803, 30.09.2022

Murat Şentürk , Ezher Tagliasacchi , Tülay Altay , Fuzuli Yagmurlu

https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1018563

Öz

Kuzey Anadolu Fayı'nın güney kesiminde yer alan Kargı-İskilip Eosen çökelleri, K-Türkiye'de Kargı ve Çorum yerleşimleri arasında çok iyi yüzeylenmektedir. Bu Eosen çökelleri denizaltı yelpaze ve yelpaze delta sistemleri olarak gözlenmektedir. Denizaltı yelpaze sistemi; çakıltaşı, kumtaşı, silttaşı, grimsi renkli şeyl ve çamurtaşı ardalanması gibi kırıntılı çökellerle karakterize edilirken, Fan delta sistemi de, yer yer çakıllı kumtaşları, silttaşları ve kömür damarları ile temsil edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, İskilip Grubu'na dahil olan Kargı-İskilip Eosen çökelleri (Hacıhalil, Yoncalı ve Karabalçık formasyonları) detaylı olarak incelenmiş, çökelme ortamlarını ve süreçlerini gösteren tortul fasiyesler ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu çalışma için, sistematik olarak altı adet ölçülü tortul kesit (MSS) alınmış ve sekiz adet tortul fasiyes tanımlanmış ve yorumlanmıştır. Dikey ve yanal yöndeki fasiyes değişiklikleri; Kargı-İskilip Eosen çökellerinin güneyden kuzeye doğru regresif karakterde olduğunu göstermektedir. İncelenen alanda iyi yüzeylenen kesitler, Kargı-İskilip çökellerinin özellikle fliş karakterinde (Alt Eosen) temsil edildiğini ve kademeli olarak, kömürlü ince taneli çökellerle ardalanmalı iri taneli kırıntılılar ile karakterize edilen yelpaze deltasına (Orta Eosen) geçtiğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca Alt Eosen yaşlı denizel çökellerle eşyaşlı-sedimenter çökelim olarak yüzeylenen volkanik kayaçlar da yaygın olarak görülmektedir. “Piggy-back” bir havza şeklinde oluşan inceleme alanında, eşyaşlı-sedimanter büyüme fayları da havza dolgusunun derinleşmesinde etkin rol oynamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fan Delta sistemi Denizaltı fanı Tortul fasiyes Eosen çökelleri Kargı-İskilip K-Türkiye

Kaynakça

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  • Demirer, A., Özçelik, Y. and Özkan, R., 1992. Çankırı-Çorum basenindeki Eosen volkanitlerinin petrografisi, TPAO Rap., No:1810 Ankara(unpublished).
  • Einsele, G., 2000. Sedimentary basins, evolution, facies and sediment budget. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 628p.
  • Ercan, T., 1992. Cenozoic volcanism in Thrace and its regional distribution. Geological Engineering, 41, 37-50.
  • Erdoğan, B., Akay, E., Uğur, M.S., 1996. Geology of the Yozgat Region and evolution of the collisional Çankırı Basin. International Geology Review 38, 788–806.
  • Flecker, R., Ellam, R.M., Müller, C., Poisson, A., Robertson, A.H.F., Turner, J., 1998. Application of Sr İsotope Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Analysis to the Origin and Evolution of the Neogene Basins in The Isparta Angle, Southern Turkey, Tectonophysics, 298, 83-101.
  • Glover, C.P., Robertson, A.H.F., 1998. Neotectonic İntersection of The Aegean and Cyprus Tectonic Arcs: Extensional and Strike-Slip Faulting in the Isparta Angle, SW Turkey, Tectonophysics, 298, 103-132.
  • Gürsoy, M., Demircan, H., Aydın, A., Görmüş, M., Tunoğlu, C., 2019. Çankırı-Çorum Havzası Eosen-Oligosen stratigrafisi ve paleocoğrafyası, MTA Doğal Kaynaklar ve Ekonomi Bülteni, 28: 49-53, Ankara.
  • Görür, N., Tüysüz, O., Şengör, A.M.C., 1998. Tectonic evolution of the central Anatolia Basins. Int. Geol. Rev. 40, 831–850.
  • Hakyemez, Y., Barkurt, M.Y., Bilginer, E., Pehlivan, Ş., Can, B., Dağer, Z., Sözeri, B., 1986. Yapraklı-Ilgaz-Çankırı-Çandır dolayının jeolojisi, MTA Raporu, No:7966, Ankara.
  • Heard, T.G., 2007. Ichnology and Sedimentology of deep-marine clastic systems, Middle Eocene, Ainsa - Jaca basin, Spanish Pyrenees. PhD Thesis, University of London.
  • Karabıyıkoğlu, M., Çiner, A., Tuzcu, S., Deynoux, M., 1997. Facies, depositional environments and evolution of a gravity induced submarine fan sedimentation (Miocene) in the Aksu foreland basin, western Taurids, Turkey. Geological Society of London Special Publication, 173, 271–294.
  • Karabıyıkoğlu, M., Çiner, A., Monod, O., Deynoux, M., Tuzcu, S., Örçen, S., 2000. Tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Miocene Manavgat Basin, Western Taurids, Turkey. Geological Society of London Special Publication, 173, 475–49
  • Karadenizli, L., 1999. Sedimentology of Middle Eocene and Early Miocene Deposits in Çankırı-Çorum Basin. PhD Thesis, Ankara University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, pp. 249.
  • Karadenizli, L., 2011. Oligocene to Pliocene palaeogeographic evolution of the Çankırı-Çorum Basin, central Anatolia, Turkey. Sedimentary Geology, 237, 1-29.
  • Karadenizli, L., Saraç, G., Şen, Ş., Seyitoğlu, G., Antoine, P.O., Kazancı, N., Varol, B., Alçiçek, C., Gül, A., Ertan, H., Esat, K., Özcan, F., Savaşçı, D., Antoine, A., Filoreau, X., Hervet, S., Bouvrain, G., Bonis, L., Hakyemez, Y., 2004. Çankırı-Çorum Havzasının Batı ve Güney Kesiminin Memeli Fosillere Dayalı OligoMiyosen Biyostratigrafisi ve Dolgulanma Evrimi, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Raporu, No: 10706, Ankara (yayımlanmamış).
  • Kaymakçı, N., 2000. Tectono-stratigraphical evolution of the Çankırı Basin (Central Anatolia Turkey). Geologia Ultraiectina 190, 1–247.
  • Kaymakçı, N., Özçelik, Y., White, H.S., Van Dijk, P.M., 2001. Neogene Tectonic Development of Basin (Central Anatolia, Turkey), TAPG Bulletin, Volume 13, No I, Page 27-56, 2001.
  • Kaymakçı, N., Özçelik, Y., White, S.H., Van Dijk, P.M., 2009. Tectono-stratigraphy of the Çankırı Basin: Late Cretaceous to early Miocene evolution of the Neo-Tethyan Suture Zone in Turkey. In: Van Hinsbergen, D.J.J., Edwards, M.A., Govers, R. (Eds.), Collision and Collapse at the Africa–Arabia–Eurasia Subduction: The Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 67-106.
  • Kaymakçı, N., Özmutlu, Ş., Van Dijk, P.M., Özçelik, Y., 2010. Surface and Subsurface Characteristics of the Çankırı Basin (Central Anatolia, Turkey): Integration of Remote Sensing, Seismic Interpretation and Gravity, Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences (Turkish J. Earth Sci.), Vol. 19, 2010, pp. 79–100.
  • Kayseri-Özer, M.S., Karadenizli, L., Akgün, F., Oyal, N., Saraç, G., Şen, Ş., 2017. Palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental interpretations of the Late Oligocene, Late Miocene-Early Pliocene in the Çankırı-Çorum Basin. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 467: 16-36
  • Kazancı, N., Şen, Ş., Seyitoglu, G., de Boris, L., Bouvrain, G., Araz, H., Varol, B., Karadenizli, L., 1999. Geology of a new late Miocene mammal locality in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Compt Rendus de l’ Academie des Sciences IIa- Earth and Planetary Sciences 329, 503–510.
  • Keskin, C., 1974. Kuzey Ergene havzasının stratigrafisi. 2. Türkiye petrol Kongresi, Tebliğler, 121-123.
  • Ketin, İ., 1983. Türkiye Jeolojisine genel bir bakış. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi yayınları, 1259, 595.
  • Lahn, E., 1939. Çorum havzasında yapılan jeolojik araştırmalar ve Çorum şehrindeki petrol sızıntıları hakkında rapor. M, T, A. Derleme Rap. No,1038, Ankara
  • Leren, B.L.S., 2003. Late Cretaceous to Early Eocene sedimentation in the Sinop-Boyabat Basin, north-central Turkey: facies analysis of turbidites to shallow marine deposits. Thesis for the Candidatus Scientiarium Degree in Petroleum Geology/Sedimentology. Bergen University, Norway.
  • Lowe, D., 1982. Sediment gravity flows: II. Depositional models with special reference to the deposits of high-density turbidity currents. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 52, 279 - 297.
  • Miall, A.D., 1984. Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis, Spring-Verlag, 490pp.
  • Miall, A.D., 1988. Facies architecture in clastic sedimentary basins. In: Kleinspehn, K., Paola, C. (Eds.), New Perspectives in Basin Analysis. Springer, Berlin-HeilderbergNew York, 67-81.
  • Mutti, E.,Ricci Lucci, F., 1972. Le turbiditi de li Appennino settentrianale; introduzione all "analisi di facies: Mem. Soc. Geol. Italy, 11; 161-199.
  • Mutti. E., Normark, W.R., 1987. Comparing examples of modern and ancient turbidite systems: problems and concepts. In: Leggett, F.K., Zuffa, G.G., (eds) Marine clastic sedimentology. Graham & Trotman, London, 1-38.
  • Oyal, N., 2016. Çankırı-Çorum Havzasındaki Oligosen Yaşlı Dev Gergedanın (Paraceratherium, Rhinocerotoidea, Mammalia) Tanımı, Evrimi ve Paleocoğrafyası, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Doktora Tezi, Ankara (yayımlanmamış).
  • Oyal, N., Şen, Ş., Karadenizli, L., Saraç, G., Antoine, P.O., Metais, G., Özer Kayseri, M.S., Tunoğlu, C., 2017. Çankırı-Çorum Havzası ve Çevresinde, En Büyük Kara Memelisi Olan Baluchitherium ‘un ve Eşlik Eden Diğer Omurgalıların Bulgu Yerlerinin Araştırılması ve Bölgenin Paleocoğrafyası, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Raporu, No: 13600, Ankara (yayımlanmamış).
  • Özçelik, Y., 1994. Tectono-stratigraphy of the Lacin Area (Çorum-Turkey). MSc. Thesis, Middle East Technical University, Department of Geological Engineering, Ankara-Turkey [unpublished].
  • Özçelik, Y., Öztaş, Y., 2000. Cankiri Baseni'nin Jeolojisi ve Petrol Olanaklari. TPAO Report no. 4150. in Turkish, unpublished.
  • Piper, J,D,A., Moore, J., Tatar, O., Gürsoy, H., Park, R.G., 1996. Paleomagnetic study of crustal deformation across an intracontinental transform: The North Anatolia Fault Zone in northern Turkey. In:
  • Morris, A., Tarling, D.H. (Eds.), Paleomagnetism of the Eastern Mediterranean Region, vol. 105. Special Publications— Geological Society, London, pp. 299–310.
  • Platzman, E.S., Platt, J.P., Tapırdamaz, C., Sanver, M., Bundle, C.C., 1994. Why are there no clockwise rotations along the North Anatolia Fault. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 21.705–21.716.
  • Poisson, A., Yağmurlu, F., Bozcu, M., Şentürk, M., 2003. New insights on the tectonic setting and evolution of the Isparta Angle, SW Turkey. Geological Journal 38, 257-282.
  • Postma, G., 1986. Classification for sedimentary gravity-flow deposits based on flow conditions during sedimentation. Geology, 291-296.
  • Postma, G., Nemec, W., Kleinsphen, K.L., 1988. Large floating clasts in turbidites: a mechanism for their emplacement. Sedimentary Geology 58, 47-61.
  • Pickering, K., Stow, D., Watson, M., Hiscott, R., 1986. Deep-water facies, processes and models: a review and classification scheme for modern and ancient sediments, Earth-Science Reviews, Volume 23, Issue 2, Pages 75-174.
  • Reineck, H.E., Singh, I.B., 1975. Depositional Sedimentary Environments with Reference to terrigenous clastics, Berlin–Heidelberg–New York, 439pp.
  • Rögl, F., 1999. Mediterranean and Paratethys paleogeography during the Oligocene and Miocene, p. 8-22.
  • In Agusti, J., Rook, L., and Andrews, P. (eds.), Hominoid Evolution and Climatic Change in Europe. Volume 1. The Evolution of Neogene Terrestrial Ecosystem in Europe. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Saraç, G., 2003. Türkiye Omurgalı Fosil Yatakları. MTA Report, no: 10609.
  • Seyitoğlu, G., Kazancı, N., Karakuş, K., Fodor, L., Araz, H., Karadenizli, L., 1997. Does continuous compressive tectonic regime exist during Late Palaeogene to Late Neogene in NW Central Anatolia, Turkey? Preliminary observations. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 6, 77–83.
  • Seyitoğlu, G., Kazancı, N., Karadenizli, L., Şen, Ş., Varol, B., Karabıyıkoğlu, T., 2000. Rockfall avalanche deposits associated with normal faulting in the NW of Çankırı Basin: implication for the post-collisional tectonic evolution of the Neo-Tethyan suture zone. Terra Nova 12 (6), 245–251.
  • Seyitoğlu, G., Aktuğ, B., Karadenizli, L., Kaypak, B., Şen, Ş., Kazancı, N., Işık, V., Esat, K., Parlak, O., Varol, B., Saraç, G., İleri, İ., 2009. A Late Pliocene-Quaternary pinched crustal wedge in NW Central Anatolia, Turkey: a neotectonic structure accommodating the internal deformation of the Anatolia plate. Geological Bulletin of Turkey 52 (1), 125–158.
  • Seymen, İ., 1981. Kaman (Kırşehir) dolayında Kırşehir masifinin stratigrafisi ve metamorfizması. TJK Bülteni 24 (2), 7–14.
  • Seymen, İ., 1984. Kırşehir Masifi metamorfitlerinin jeolojik evrimi. TJK Ketin Sempozyumu, 133–148.
  • Shanmugam, G., 2000. 50 years of the turbidite paradigm (1950s-1990s): deep-water processes and facies models – a critical perspective. Marine and Petroleum Geology 17, 285 - 342.
  • Stow, D.A.V., 1994. Deep sea processes of sediment transport and deposition. In: PyeK (ed) Sediment transport and depositional processes. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 257–291.
  • Stow, D.A.V., Reading, H.G., Collinson, J.D., 1996. Deep seas. In: Reading, H.G. (ed) Sedimentary Environments: Processes, facies and stratigraphy. Blackwell Science, Oxford, 395 - 454.
  • Şenalp, M., 1974. Cankırı–Corum Havzası'nın Sungurlu bolgesindeki karasal çökellerin sedimantolojisi. TJK Bul. 24, 65–74.
  • Şenalp, M., 1981. Sedimentological investigation of terrestrial formations in the Sungurlu region of the Çankırı-Çorum Basin. Bull. Turk. Geol. Soc. 24 (1), 65–74 (in Turkish).
  • Şengör, A.M.C., Yılmaz, Y., 1981. Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach. Tectonophysics 75, 181–241.
  • Taymaz, T., Wright, J., Yolsal, S., Tan, O., Fielding, E., Seyitoglu, G., 2007. Source Characteristics of the 6 June 2000 Orta Çankiri (central Turkey) Earthquake: A Synthesis of Seismological, Geological and Geodetic (InSAR) Observations, and Internal Deformation of the Anatolia Plate. vol. 291. Geological Society, London, Special Publication, pp. 259-290.
  • Tokatlı, K., Demirel, I.H., Karayiğit, A.I., 2006. Burial history and thermal maturity assessment of Upper Cretaceous–Lower Tertiary Formations the Çankiri Basin, Turkey. Int. J. Coal Geol. 66, 35–52.
  • Tüysüz, O., Dellaloğlu, A.A., 1992. Tectonic units and geologic evolution of the Çankırı–Çorum Basin. 9th Turkish Petroleum Congress. Proceedings, pp. 333–349 (in Turkish).
  • Tüysüz, O., Dellaloğlu, A.A., 1994. Lower Tertiary paleogeographic evolution of the Çankırı-Çorum Basin, Central Anatolia. 10th Turkish Petroleum Congress. Proceedings, pp. 56–76 (in Turkish).
  • Uğuz, M.F., Sevin, M., Duru, M., 2002. 1:500.000 Ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritası Sinop Paftası.
  • Ünalan, G., Harput, B., 1983. Investigation of the source rock within Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary deposits at the Western margin of the Cankiri Basin (Central Turkey). TJK Bull. 26, 177-186.
  • Walker, R.G., 1978. Deep-water Sandstone facies and ancient Submanne fans: Models for exploration for stratigraphic traps: The American Association of petroleum Geologists; V. 62, P. 932-966.
  • Yoldaş, R., 1982. Tosya (Kastamonu) ile Bayat (Çorum) Arasındaki Bölgenin Jeolojisi (PhD Thesis) İstanbul Üniversitesi, p. 311.
Toplam 84 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yer Bilimleri ve Jeoloji Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri \ Research Articles
Yazarlar

Murat Şentürk 0000-0002-9672-3021

Ezher Tagliasacchi 0000-0002-1774-5012

Tülay Altay

Fuzuli Yagmurlu

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Kasım 2021
Kabul Tarihi 21 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Şentürk, M., Tagliasacchi, E., Altay, T., Yagmurlu, F. (2022). DEPOSITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TECTONO-SEDIMENTARY DEVELOPMENT OF THE KARGI-İSKİLİP EOCENE SUBMARINE FAN SYSTEMS (ÇORUM, N-TURKEY). Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 10(3), 786-803. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1018563
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