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Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 79 - 93, 31.08.2019

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Kaynakça

  • Abdollahzadeh Soreshjani, S. & Ashrafizadeh, M. (2018). Effects of exercise on testosterone level, heat shock protein, and fertility potential. Reviews in Clinical Medicine, 5(4), 141-145. Retrived from doi: 10.22038/rcm.2018.31772.1232
  • Allen, N. E., Appleby, P. N., Davey, G. K., & Key, T. J. (2000). Hormones and diet: low insulin-like growth factor-I but normal bioavailable androgens in vegan men. British Journal of Cancer, 83(1), 95. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1054/bjoc.2000.1152
  • Armstrong, L.E., Casa, D.J., Millard-Stafford, M.L., Morán, D.S., Pyne, S.W., & Roberts, W.O. (2007). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exertional heat illness during training and competition. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 39(3), 556-72. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6355878_American_College_of_Sports_Medicine_position_stand_Exertional_heat_illness_during_training_and_competition
  • Bartolomei, S., Hoffman, J. R., Stout, J. R., Zini, M., Stefanelli, C., & Merni, F. (2016). Comparison of block versus weekly undulating periodization models on endocrine and strength changes in male athletes. Kinesiology, 48(1), 71–78. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=117305010&site=ehost-live
  • Bosco, C., Colli, R., Bonomi, R., Von Duvillard, S. P., & Viru, A. (2000). Monitoring strength training: neuromuscular and hormonal profile. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32(1), 202–208. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=SPHS-163208&site=ehost-live
  • Bouloux, P. M. G., Legros, J.-J., Elbers, J. M. H., Geurts, T. B. P., Kaspers, M. J. G. H., Meehan, A. G., & Meuleman, E. J. H. (2013). Effects of oral testosterone undecanoate therapy on bone mineral density and body composition in 322 aging men with symptomatic testosterone deficiency: a 1-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. Aging Male, 16(2), 38–47. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=87662292&site=ehost-live
  • Budhathoki, S., Sawada, N., & Iwasaki, M. (2019). Association of Animal and Plant Protein Intake With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality. JAMA Internal Medicine, 176(10), 1453-1463. Retrieved from doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.2806
  • Caruso, J. F., Lutz, B. M., Davidson, M. E., Wilson, K., Crane, C. S., Craig, C. E., & Potter, W. T. (2012). Salivary hormonal values from high-speed resistive exercise workouts. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(3), 625–632. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=73345702&site=ehost-live
  • Crewther, B. T., Carruthers, J., Kilduff, L. P., Sanctuary, C. E., & Cook, C. J. (2016). Temporal associations between individual changes in hormones, training motivation and physical performance in elite and non-elite trained men. Biology of Sport, 33(3), 215–221. Retrieved from https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/fulltext/2008/01000/The_Salivary_Testosterone_and_Cortisol_Response_to.37.aspx
  • Crewther, B., Cronin, J., Keogh, J., & Cook, C. (2008). The salivary testosterone and cortisol response to three loading schemes. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(1), 250–255. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=29338546&site=ehost-live
  • Feldman, H.A., Longcope, C., Derby, C.A., Johannes, C.B., Araujo, A.B., Coviello, A.D., Bremner, W.J., & McKinlay, J.B. (2002). Age trends in the level of serum testosterone and other hormones in middle-aged men: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts male aging study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 87(2), 589-98. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.87.2.8201
  • Freitas-Simoes T.M., Ros, E., & Sala-Vila, A. (2016). Nutrients, foods, dietary patterns and telomere length: Update of epidemiological studies and randomized trials. Metabolism, 65, 406–415. Retrieved from doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.11.004
  • Furumoto, K., Inoue, E., Nagao, N., Hiyama, E., & Miwa, N. (1998). Age-dependent telomere shortening is slowed down by enrichment of intracellular vitamin C via suppression of oxidative stress. Life Sciences, 63 (11), 935-48. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0024320598003518?via%3Dihub
  • Gades, N. M., Jacobson, D. J., McGree, M. E., St Sauver, J. L., Lieber, M. M., Nehra, A., & Jacobsen, S. J. (2008). The associations between serum sex hormones, erectile function, and sex drive: The olmsted county study of urinary symptoms and health status among men. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 5(9), 2209–2220. Retrieved from doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00924.x
  • Gold, S. M., Chalifoux, S., Giesser, B. S., & Voskuhl, R. R. (2008). Immune modulation and increased neurotrophic factor production in multiple sclerosis patients treated with testosterone. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 5, 1–8. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-5-32
  • Gomes, M., Freitas, M. J., & Fardilha, M. (2015). Physical Activity, Exercise, and Mammalian Testis Function: Emerging Preclinical Protein Biomarker and Integrative Biology Insights. OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology, 19(9), 499–511. Retrieved fromm https://doi.org/10.1089/omi.2015.0065
  • Häkkinen, K., Kraemer, W. J., Pakarinen, A., Triplett-McBride, T., McBride, J. M., Häkkinen, A., & Newton, R. U. (2002). Effects of heavy resistance/power training on maximal strength, muscle morphology, and hormonal response patterns in 60-75-year-old men and women. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, 27(3), 213–231. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=6881659&site=ehost-live
  • Harman, M., Metter, J., Tobin, J., Pearson, J., & Blackman, M. (2001). Longitudinal Effects of Aging on Serum Total and Free Testosterone Levels in Healthy Men. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 86 (2), 724–731. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.2.7219
  • Hayes, L. D., Grace, F. M., Kilgore, J. L., Young, J. D., & Baker, J. S. (2012). Diurnal variation of cortisol, testosterone, and their ratio in apparently healthy males. Sport Scientific & Practical Aspects, 9(1), 5–13. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=83453243&site=ehost-live
  • Huang T., Yang B., Zheng J., Li G., Wahlqvist M., & Li, D. (2012). Cardiovascular disease mortality and cancer incidence in vegetarians: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 60, 233-240. Retrieved from doi: 10.1159/000337301
  • Jimenez, C. (2018). Understanding 1-RM and predicted 1-RM assessments. American Council on Exercise. Retrieved from https://www.acefitness.org/fitness-certifications/ace-answers/exam-preparation-blog/2894/understanding-1-rm-and-predicted-1-rm-assessments
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  • Majumdar, P. & Srividhya Jr., S. (2010). Monitoring training load in Indian male swimmers. International Journal of Exercise Science, 3(3), 102–107. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=55324153&site=ehost-live
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Acute Weight Training-Induced Testosterone Responses of Trained Males Across Age Groups and Diets: A Pilot Study

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 79 - 93, 31.08.2019

Öz

Testosterone has been associated with health and athletic performance.
However, it is also known to decrease with age. The rise of these age-related,
non-communicable diseases affects economic growth. To develop natural, safe,
and sustainable fitness and nutrition programs to keep the aging population
healthy and fully functional, the present study explored exercise, diet, and
age as possible factors affecting hormonal levels and responses. Twelve
recreationally trained men from different age groups (20s to 70s) and diets
(vegans and meat eaters) completed a 30-minute weight training protocol. Blood
samples were taken before and after exercise to determine exercise-induced
changes in total testosterone (TT) levels. Additional hormonal tests for
cortisol (C) and testosterone-cortisol ratio (T/C) were conducted for outliers
to guide future research. Pretest-posttest analysis showed a statistically
significant increase in TT within subjects; t(11)=-3.842, p=0.003. Younger men
(35 years old and below) had a significantly greater increase in TT compared to
older men (40 years old and above); X²(1)=4.121, p=0.042. Age was negatively
correlated with TT increase (r=-0.622, p=0.031). Vegans showed higher estimated
marginal mean TT levels in both pretest and posttest. In conclusion, a single
session of 30-minute, moderate intensity, high-volume leg exercise can
significantly increase blood serum TT in men across age groups and diets.
Younger men tend to show greater increases in TT compared to older men. Further
studies are needed to explore veganism as a more favorable diet for optimal
testosterone levels.

Destekleyen Kurum

University of the Philippines

Kaynakça

  • Abdollahzadeh Soreshjani, S. & Ashrafizadeh, M. (2018). Effects of exercise on testosterone level, heat shock protein, and fertility potential. Reviews in Clinical Medicine, 5(4), 141-145. Retrived from doi: 10.22038/rcm.2018.31772.1232
  • Allen, N. E., Appleby, P. N., Davey, G. K., & Key, T. J. (2000). Hormones and diet: low insulin-like growth factor-I but normal bioavailable androgens in vegan men. British Journal of Cancer, 83(1), 95. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1054/bjoc.2000.1152
  • Armstrong, L.E., Casa, D.J., Millard-Stafford, M.L., Morán, D.S., Pyne, S.W., & Roberts, W.O. (2007). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exertional heat illness during training and competition. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 39(3), 556-72. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6355878_American_College_of_Sports_Medicine_position_stand_Exertional_heat_illness_during_training_and_competition
  • Bartolomei, S., Hoffman, J. R., Stout, J. R., Zini, M., Stefanelli, C., & Merni, F. (2016). Comparison of block versus weekly undulating periodization models on endocrine and strength changes in male athletes. Kinesiology, 48(1), 71–78. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=117305010&site=ehost-live
  • Bosco, C., Colli, R., Bonomi, R., Von Duvillard, S. P., & Viru, A. (2000). Monitoring strength training: neuromuscular and hormonal profile. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32(1), 202–208. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=SPHS-163208&site=ehost-live
  • Bouloux, P. M. G., Legros, J.-J., Elbers, J. M. H., Geurts, T. B. P., Kaspers, M. J. G. H., Meehan, A. G., & Meuleman, E. J. H. (2013). Effects of oral testosterone undecanoate therapy on bone mineral density and body composition in 322 aging men with symptomatic testosterone deficiency: a 1-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. Aging Male, 16(2), 38–47. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=87662292&site=ehost-live
  • Budhathoki, S., Sawada, N., & Iwasaki, M. (2019). Association of Animal and Plant Protein Intake With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality. JAMA Internal Medicine, 176(10), 1453-1463. Retrieved from doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.2806
  • Caruso, J. F., Lutz, B. M., Davidson, M. E., Wilson, K., Crane, C. S., Craig, C. E., & Potter, W. T. (2012). Salivary hormonal values from high-speed resistive exercise workouts. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(3), 625–632. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=73345702&site=ehost-live
  • Crewther, B. T., Carruthers, J., Kilduff, L. P., Sanctuary, C. E., & Cook, C. J. (2016). Temporal associations between individual changes in hormones, training motivation and physical performance in elite and non-elite trained men. Biology of Sport, 33(3), 215–221. Retrieved from https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/fulltext/2008/01000/The_Salivary_Testosterone_and_Cortisol_Response_to.37.aspx
  • Crewther, B., Cronin, J., Keogh, J., & Cook, C. (2008). The salivary testosterone and cortisol response to three loading schemes. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(1), 250–255. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=29338546&site=ehost-live
  • Feldman, H.A., Longcope, C., Derby, C.A., Johannes, C.B., Araujo, A.B., Coviello, A.D., Bremner, W.J., & McKinlay, J.B. (2002). Age trends in the level of serum testosterone and other hormones in middle-aged men: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts male aging study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 87(2), 589-98. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.87.2.8201
  • Freitas-Simoes T.M., Ros, E., & Sala-Vila, A. (2016). Nutrients, foods, dietary patterns and telomere length: Update of epidemiological studies and randomized trials. Metabolism, 65, 406–415. Retrieved from doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.11.004
  • Furumoto, K., Inoue, E., Nagao, N., Hiyama, E., & Miwa, N. (1998). Age-dependent telomere shortening is slowed down by enrichment of intracellular vitamin C via suppression of oxidative stress. Life Sciences, 63 (11), 935-48. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0024320598003518?via%3Dihub
  • Gades, N. M., Jacobson, D. J., McGree, M. E., St Sauver, J. L., Lieber, M. M., Nehra, A., & Jacobsen, S. J. (2008). The associations between serum sex hormones, erectile function, and sex drive: The olmsted county study of urinary symptoms and health status among men. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 5(9), 2209–2220. Retrieved from doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00924.x
  • Gold, S. M., Chalifoux, S., Giesser, B. S., & Voskuhl, R. R. (2008). Immune modulation and increased neurotrophic factor production in multiple sclerosis patients treated with testosterone. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 5, 1–8. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-5-32
  • Gomes, M., Freitas, M. J., & Fardilha, M. (2015). Physical Activity, Exercise, and Mammalian Testis Function: Emerging Preclinical Protein Biomarker and Integrative Biology Insights. OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology, 19(9), 499–511. Retrieved fromm https://doi.org/10.1089/omi.2015.0065
  • Häkkinen, K., Kraemer, W. J., Pakarinen, A., Triplett-McBride, T., McBride, J. M., Häkkinen, A., & Newton, R. U. (2002). Effects of heavy resistance/power training on maximal strength, muscle morphology, and hormonal response patterns in 60-75-year-old men and women. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, 27(3), 213–231. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=6881659&site=ehost-live
  • Harman, M., Metter, J., Tobin, J., Pearson, J., & Blackman, M. (2001). Longitudinal Effects of Aging on Serum Total and Free Testosterone Levels in Healthy Men. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 86 (2), 724–731. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.2.7219
  • Hayes, L. D., Grace, F. M., Kilgore, J. L., Young, J. D., & Baker, J. S. (2012). Diurnal variation of cortisol, testosterone, and their ratio in apparently healthy males. Sport Scientific & Practical Aspects, 9(1), 5–13. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=83453243&site=ehost-live
  • Huang T., Yang B., Zheng J., Li G., Wahlqvist M., & Li, D. (2012). Cardiovascular disease mortality and cancer incidence in vegetarians: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 60, 233-240. Retrieved from doi: 10.1159/000337301
  • Jimenez, C. (2018). Understanding 1-RM and predicted 1-RM assessments. American Council on Exercise. Retrieved from https://www.acefitness.org/fitness-certifications/ace-answers/exam-preparation-blog/2894/understanding-1-rm-and-predicted-1-rm-assessments
  • Kargarfard, M., Amiri, E., Shaw, I., Shariat, A., & Shaw, B. S. (2018). Salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations, and psychological Societe Francaise de Medecine du Sport overtraining scores as indicators of overtraining syndromes among elite soccer players. Revista de Psicología Del Deporte, 27(1), 155–163. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=128219141&site=ehost-live
  • Kocoglu, H., Alan, C., Soydan, H., Ateşş, F., Adayener, C., Eren, A. E., & Dayanc, M. (2011). Association between the androgen levels and erectile function, cognitive functions and hypogonadism symptoms in aging males. Aging Male, 14(4), 207–212. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=67130888&site=ehost-live
  • Kraemer, W. J., & Ratamess, N. A. (2005). Hormonal responses and adaptations to resistance exercise and training. Sports Medicine, 35(4), 339–361. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535040-00004
  • Kreher, J. B. & Schwartz, J. B. (2012). Overtraining syndrome: A practical guide. Sports Health, 4(2), 128–38. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3435910/
  • Kristensen, N. B., Madsen, M. L., Hansen, T. H., Allin, K. H., Hoppe, C., Fagt, S., & Pedersen, O. (2015). Intake of macro- and micronutrients in Danish vegans. Nutrition journal, 14, 115. Retrieved from doi:10.1186/s12937-015-0103-3
  • Kurz, D. J., Decary, S., Hong, Y., Trivier, E., Akhmedov, A., & Erusalimsky, J. D. (2004). Chronic oxidative stress compromises telomere integrity and accelerates the onset of senescence in human endothelial cells. Journal of Cell Science, 117(11), 2417–2426. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.01097
  • Linnamo, V., Pakarinen, A., Komi, P.V., Kraemer, W.J., & Hakkinen, K. (2005). Acute hormonal responses to submaximal and maximal heavy resistance and explosive exercises in men and women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19, 566–571. Retrieved from DOI: 10.1519/R-15404.1
  • Lunenfeld, B., Arver, S., Moncada, I., Rees, D. A., & Schulte, H. M. (2012). How to help the aging male? Current approaches to hypogonadism in primary care. Aging Male, 15(4), 187–197. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=83308822&site=ehost-live
  • Majumdar, P. & Srividhya Jr., S. (2010). Monitoring training load in Indian male swimmers. International Journal of Exercise Science, 3(3), 102–107. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=55324153&site=ehost-live
  • Matos, B., Howl, J., Ferreira, R., & Fardilha, M. (2019). Exploring the effect of exercise training on testicular function. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 119(1), 1–8. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=134239308&site=ehost-live
  • Mestre-Alfaro, A., Ferrer, M., Sureda, A., Tauler, P., Martínez, E., Bibiloni, M., & Tur, J. A. (2011). Phytoestrogens enhance antioxidant enzymes after swimming exercise and modulate sex hormone plasma levels in female swimmers. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111(9), 2281–2294. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=64301499&site=ehost-live
  • Migiano M.J., Vingren, J.L., Volek, J.S., Maresh, C.M., Fragala, M.S., & Ho, J.Y. (2010). Endocrine response patterns to acute unilateral and bilateral resistance exercise in men. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(1), 128-134. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232100469_Endocrine_Response_Patterns_to_Acute_Unilateral_and_Bilateral_Resistance_Exercise_in_Men
  • Miles, F. L., Lloren, J.C., Haddad, E., Jaceldo-Siegl, K., Knutsen, S., Sabate, J., & Fraser, G.E. (2019). Plasma, Urine, and Adipose Tissue Biomarkers of Dietary Intake Differ Between Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Diet Groups in the Adventist Health Study-2. The Journal of Nutrition, 149(4), 667–675. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy292
  • Nettleton, J. A., Diez-Roux, A., Jenny, N. S., Fitzpatrick, A. L., & Jacobs, D. R., Jr (2008). Dietary patterns, food groups, and telomere length in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 88(5), 1405–1412. Retrieved from doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26429.
  • No, M. & Kwak, H. B. (2016). Effects of environmental temperature on physiological responses during submaximal and maximal exercises in soccer players. Integrative Medicine Research, 5(3), 216–222. Retrieved from doi:10.1016/j.imr.2016.06.002.
  • Powers, S.K. & Jackson, M.J. (2008). Exercise-induced oxidative stress: Cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force production. Physiological Reviews, 88(4), 1243–1276. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2909187/pdf/nihms218884.pdf
  • Pyne, D.B., Hopkins, W.G., Batterham, A.M., Gleeson, M., & Fricker, P.A. (2005). Characterising the individual performance responses to mild illness in international swimmers. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(10), 752–756. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1725039/
  • Rahimi, R., Qaderi, M., Faraji, H., & Boroujerdi, S. S. (2010). Effects of very short rest periods on hormonal responses to resistance exercise in men. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(7), 1851–1859. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=52283843&site=ehost-live
  • Robson-Ansley, P., Blannin, A., & Gleeson, M. (2007). Elevated plasma interleukin-6 levels in trained male triathletes following an acute period of intense interval training. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 99(4), 353–60. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23679473_The_effect_of_repeated_endurance_exercise_on_IL-6_and_sIL-6R_and_their_relationship_with_sensations_of_fatigue_at_rest/link/5d2f35fe299bf1547cbf11f2/download
  • Rodriguez-Tolr, J., Torremadé Barreda, J., del Rio, L., di Gregorio, S., & Franco Miranda, E. (2013). Effects of testosterone treatment on body composition in males with testosterone deficiency syndrome. Aging Male, 16(4), 184–190. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=92560768&site=ehost-live
  • Russo, G. I., Di Mauro, M., Regis, F., Reale, G., Campisi, D., Marranzano, M., & Morgia, G. (2018). Association between dietary phytoestrogens intakes and prostate cancer risk in Sicily. Aging Male, 21(1), 48–54. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=128864293&site=ehost-live
  • Simão, R., Leite, R. D., Speretta, G. F. F., Maior, A. S., De Salles, B. F., De Souza Junior, T. P., & Willardson, J. M. (2013). Influence of upper-body exercise order on hormonal responses in trained men. Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism, 38(2), 177–181. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=85749070&site=ehost-live
  • Smilios, I., Tsoukos, P., Zafeiridis, A., Spassis, A., & Tokmakidis, S. P. (2014). Hormonal responses after resistance exercise performed with maximum and submaximum movement velocities. Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism, 39(3), 351–357. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=94514358&site=ehost-live
  • Sureda, A., Tauler, P., Aguiló, A., Cases, N., Llompart, I., Tur, J. A., & Pons, A. (2008). Influence of an antioxidant vitamin-enriched drink on pre- and post-exercise lymphocyte antioxidant system. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 52, 233-240. Retrieved from doi: 10.1159/000140515
  • Tantamango-Bartley, Y., Jaceldo-Siegl, K., Fan, J., & Fraser, G. (2013). Vegetarian diets and the incidence of cancer in a low-risk population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 22, 286–294. Retrieved from doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-1060
  • Vingren, J.L., Kraemer, W.J., Ratamess, N.A., Anderson, J.M., Volek, J.S., & Maresh, C.M. (2011) Testosterone physiology in resistance exercise and training: the up-stream regulatory elements. Sports Medicine, 40(12), 1037–1053. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11536910-000000000-00000
  • Vlassara, H., Cai, W., & Crandall, J. (2002). Inflammatory mediators are induced by dietary glycotoxins, a major risk factor for diabetic angiopathy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 99, 15596–15601. Retrieved from doi:10.1073/pnas.242407999
  • Vargas, N.T., & Marino, F. (2014). A Neuroinflammatory Model for Acute Fatigue During Exercise. Sports Medicine, 44, 1479-1487. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265134317_A_Neuroinflammatory_Model_for_Acute_Fatigue_During_Exercise
  • Von Zglinicki, T. (2002). Oxidative stress shortens telomeres. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 27(7), 339. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0004(02)02110-2
  • World Health Organization. (2011). Global Health and Aging. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/ageing/publications/global_health.pdf?ua=1
  • World Health Organization. (2015).Q & A on the Carcinogenicity of the Consumption of Red Meat and Processed Meat. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/features/qa/cancer-red-meat/en
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Ciara Angeli Juan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2019
Kabul Tarihi 4 Eylül 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Juan, C. A. (2019). Acute Weight Training-Induced Testosterone Responses of Trained Males Across Age Groups and Diets: A Pilot Study. The Journal of Eurasia Sport Sciences and Medicine, 1(2), 79-93.
AMA Juan CA. Acute Weight Training-Induced Testosterone Responses of Trained Males Across Age Groups and Diets: A Pilot Study. JESSM. Ağustos 2019;1(2):79-93.
Chicago Juan, Ciara Angeli. “Acute Weight Training-Induced Testosterone Responses of Trained Males Across Age Groups and Diets: A Pilot Study”. The Journal of Eurasia Sport Sciences and Medicine 1, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2019): 79-93.
EndNote Juan CA (01 Ağustos 2019) Acute Weight Training-Induced Testosterone Responses of Trained Males Across Age Groups and Diets: A Pilot Study. The Journal of Eurasia Sport Sciences and Medicine 1 2 79–93.
IEEE C. A. Juan, “Acute Weight Training-Induced Testosterone Responses of Trained Males Across Age Groups and Diets: A Pilot Study”, JESSM, c. 1, sy. 2, ss. 79–93, 2019.
ISNAD Juan, Ciara Angeli. “Acute Weight Training-Induced Testosterone Responses of Trained Males Across Age Groups and Diets: A Pilot Study”. The Journal of Eurasia Sport Sciences and Medicine 1/2 (Ağustos 2019), 79-93.
JAMA Juan CA. Acute Weight Training-Induced Testosterone Responses of Trained Males Across Age Groups and Diets: A Pilot Study. JESSM. 2019;1:79–93.
MLA Juan, Ciara Angeli. “Acute Weight Training-Induced Testosterone Responses of Trained Males Across Age Groups and Diets: A Pilot Study”. The Journal of Eurasia Sport Sciences and Medicine, c. 1, sy. 2, 2019, ss. 79-93.
Vancouver Juan CA. Acute Weight Training-Induced Testosterone Responses of Trained Males Across Age Groups and Diets: A Pilot Study. JESSM. 2019;1(2):79-93.