Toprak Faunası: Sınıflandırılması ve Besin Ağındaki Yeri

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 61 Sayı: 2, 139 - 152, 01.07.2011

Meriç Çakır Ender Makineci

Öz

Toprak ekolojisi; toprak içerisindeki primer üretim, toprak flora ve faunası, ölüörtü ayrışması,
besin döngüsü, toprak besin ağı, toprak biyoçeşitliliği ve bunların toprak süreçleriyle arasındaki ilişkileri
araştırmaktadır. Toprak içerisinde yaşayan canlılar bu süreçlerde hayati rol oynarlar, ancak bu
canlıların tek başlarına etkilerinin hesaplanması çok zordur. Bu süreçleri çalışan toprak ekologları,
canlıları birlik ve fonksiyonel grup olarak iki basit birime ayırmaktadır. Toprak canlılarının oluşturduğu
birlikler birimlere bölünür. Bu birimler beslenme kaynakları, beslenme şekilleri, üreme oranları, avcılara
karşı savunma yöntemleri veya toprak profilindeki dağılımları gibi ekosistem süreçlerindeki rollerine
göre fonksiyonel gruplara ayrılırlar. Fonksiyonel gruplar içerisindeki komüniteler rekabet ve avlanma
gibi ilişkiler ile birbirlerine bağlıdır. Toprak besin ağı çalışmaları birbirine bağlı olan bu fonksiyonel
gruplar arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Toprak faunası, ayrıştırıcılar, kolembola, mikroorganizma, ekosistem mühendisleri, toprak besin ağı

Kaynakça

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