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Technical and Economical Evaluations of Maritime Pine Plantations in Western Black Sea Region of Turkey

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 62 Sayı: 1, 31 - 45, 01.01.2012

Korhan Tunçtaner İsmet Daşdemir , Murat Ertekin Halil Özel

Öz

Abstract

In this study, technical and economical evaluations of the maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.) plantations, established at Bartın-Karaçaydere between the years of 1979 and 1984, were made. 60 sample plots were allocated by representing the establishment techniques of mechanization and labour. The data were collected from the plots concerning growth, yield and economics, in the year of 2003. Reasonable growth rates were obtained in maritime pine plantations, in spite of the negative conditions of inadequate mechanization techniques, wrong origin and snow damages. Mean annual volume increments were calculated as 12.3 m3/ha and 9.8 m3/ha for the sites prepared by mechanization and labour, respectively. The results obtained from the economical evaluations indicated that maritime pine plantations were more productive and profitable than indigenous oriental beech forest in the area as regards the criteria of Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return and Benefit Cost Ratio.

Keywords: Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.), oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.), industrial plantation, growth and yield, economical analysis.

 

Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi Sahilçamı Ağaçlandırmalarında Teknik ve Ekonomik Değerlendirmeler

 

Özet

Bu makalede Bartın-Karaçaydere serisinde 1979-1984 yılları arasında tesis edilen sahilçamı (Pinus pinaster Aiton.) plantasyonlarının teknik ve ekonomik bir değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda farklı arazi hazırlığı tekniklerinin (makine ve işgücü) uygulandığı plantasyon alanlarından toplam 60 adet deneme alanı alınmıştır. Deneme alanlarında ölçüm ve tespitler 2003 yılında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan ölçüm ve tespit sonuçlarına göre, sahilçamı plantasyonlarının yanlış mekanizasyon tekniklerinin uygulanmasına, hatalı orijin seçimine ve kar zararına rağmen büyüme ve ürün verimi yönünden memnun edici düzeyde olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Buna göre makineli arazi hazırlığı yapılan plantasyon alanında yıllık ortalama artım 12,3 m3/ha, insan gücü ile arazi hazırlığı yapılan plantasyon alanında ise yıllık ortalama artım 9,8 m3/ha olarak tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan Net Bugünkü Değer, İç Kârlılık Oranı ve Fayda/Maliyet Oranı kriterlerine göre gerçekleştirilen ekonomik analizler sonucunda, yörede farklı yıllarda tesis edilen sahilçamı plantasyonlarının, araştırma alanının doğal türü olan doğu kayını (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) ormanlarına göre daha verimli ve kârlı bir yatırım olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Sahilçamı, Doğu Kayını, endüstriyel plantasyon, büyüme ve hasılat, ekonomik analiz

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Kaynakça

  • Akgül, S., 2010. Bio-Climatic Evaluations on The Growth of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.) in Turkey. I.U., Natural and Applied Science Institution, Ph.D. Thesis, p.155.
  • Aktaş, M., 2003. Research on growing performance of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.) in Kuruçaşile region. ZKU, Bartın Faculty of Forestry, Bachelor Thesis, p.44.
  • Anonymous, 2001. Bartın Forest Enterprise, Management Plan of Bartın Forest Enterprise Chieftaincy. Ankara, p.475.
  • Anonymous, 2006. Our forest wealthy. Ministry of Environmental and Forestry, Forestry General Directory, OGM Publishing, Ankara, p.152.
  • Asan, Ü., 1998. Industrial plantations and applications in Turkey. Workshop of Evaluations of Afforestrations made by Fast Growing Species and Studies to be done, Ministry of Forestry Publication No: 083, Ankara, pp.25-37.
  • Atıcı, E., 1998. Increment and growth in unevenaged oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) forests. İU, Natural and Applied Science Institution, Doctorate Thesis, p.293.
  • Ayberk, S., 1996. Research on pruning techniques in afforestrations of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.). Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute, Technical Bulletin No:4, İzmit, p.178.
  • Ayberk, S., U. Tolay and T. Zoralioğlu, 1998. Results from spacing experiments established by Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.) and radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute, Technical Bulletin No: 187, p.30.
  • Bailly, A., 1990. Evolution and Current Status of Wide Spacings and Heavy Thinnings in France. New Approaches to Spacing and Thinning in Plantation Forestry. 10-14 April 1989 Rotorua, New Zealand; Forest Research Institute, pp.43-46.
  • Belghazi, B. and F. Romane, 1993. Relations between stem morphometric characteristics and environment. The case of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster var. maghrebiana) in northern Morocco. Cahiers-Agricultures. 2:(5), 338- 342. p.28 .
  • Birler, A. S., 1982. Yield estimations in industrial plantations established fast growing trees in Marmara region. Symposium of Industrial Plantations with Fast Growing Exotic Trees, Kefken (İzmit), pp.349-368.
  • Birler, A. S., 1995. Importance of industrial plantations for our forests conservation. TEMA Foundation Publication No:8, İstanbul.
  • Birler, A. S., 1998. Prefeasibility study for fast growing forest trees and industrial plantation investments. Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute, Various Publication Series, No: 11, İzmit, p.56.
  • Birler, A. S. and Y. Yüksel, 1983. A study of yields from plantation grown Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.) stands. Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute Annual Bulletin, No: 19, İzmit, pp.295-343.
  • Birler, A. S., S. Koçar and A. Diner. 1996. Determination of productive of wood and energy in coppice stands in Kerpe Research Forest and comparison with fast growing coniferous tree species industrial plantation. Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute. Technical Bulletin No: 177, İzmit, p.55.
  • Bonilla, J. A. and R. Beckmann, 1964. Sixth contribution on forest mensuration: estimation of yield of Pinus pinaster in the Carrasco zone (second part). Bol. Dep. For. Uruguay No. 12, 1964 (10-9 + 3 gphs.).
  • Boydak, M., C. D. Oliver and H. Dirik, 1995. Import facilities of fast growing coniferous forest tree species originated from USA in Turkey. Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute. Various Publication Series, No: 7, İzmit, p.55.
  • Boydak, M. and H. Dirik, 1998. Phase reached in studies done so far on fast growing species in our country, implemented policies and strategies, strategy and policy recommendations can be applied accordingly. Workshop of Evaluations of Afforestrations made by Fast Growing Species and Studies to be done, Ministry of Forestry Publication No: 083, Ankara, pp.13-24.
  • Brown, C., 2000. The global outlook for future wood supply from forest plantations. FAO Working Paper, No: GFPOS/WP/03, Rome.
  • Burley, J., 1972. Industrial forestry plantations in Turkey. Species introduction and tree improvement. FAO: DP/TUR/71/521 Technical Report, No:1, Rome, p.47.
  • Carus, S., 1998. Increment and growth in evenaged oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) forests. İU, Natural and Applied Science Institution, Doctorate Thesis, p.359.
  • Cooling, E. N. G., 1977. Industrial forestry plantations in Turkey. Final report: Plantation Silviculture. FAO:DP/TUR/71/521, Working Document, No: 28, İzmit, p.95.
  • Daşdemir, İ., 2005. Planning and project evaluation for forest engineering. ZKU, Publication of the Faculty of Forestry, No: 80/16, BartınTurkey, p.168.
  • Daşdemir, İ. and A. Şahin, 2005. Economical evaluation of plantations alternatives in Bartın region. ZKU, Review of Bartın Faculty of Forestry, I-II:38-53.
  • Decourt N. and B. Lemoine, 1969. Tables de Production provisoires pour le pin maritime dans le Sud-Quest de la France. Ann. Sci. For., 26 (1):5-12.
  • Destremau, D. X., R. L. Duvall, T. Resch, Wyst and G. Van Der., 1976. Five years of weekly measurements of girth increment. Annalesde-la-Recherche-Forestiere-au-Maroc. 16: 3- 43:16.
  • Duarte, C., E. Rıbeıro and J. Cosme, 1991. Yield tables. DGF-Informacao. 2(5):23-25.
  • Durkaya, A., 2001. Determination of planning principles and suitable sites for industrial plantations. İU, Natural and Applied Science Institution, Doctorate Thesis, p. 149.
  • Editions Du Present, 1997. Société EDITIONS DU PRESENT Cité, Mondiale Parvis des Chartrons, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
  • Erkan, N., 2002. Growth performance of Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) in natural forest and plantations in Turkey. Proceedings of IUFRO Meeting Management of Fast Growing Plantations, İzmit, pp. 67-74.
  • Geray, A. U. 1986. Planning Lecture Notes. IU, Faculty of Forestry, İstanbul, p.122.
  • Giannini, R., G. Palmas and A. Tanı, 1992. Provenance trials of Pinus pinaster in Sardinia, Monti-e-Boschi, 43/1, p.11.
  • Guinaudeau, J., 1966. Daily diameter growth of Pinus pinaster on two sites of the Landes in 1966. Mem. Soc. Bot. France. 1966(1968), p.165-71.
  • Grut, M., 1976. Cost-benefit analysis of industrial reforestation in the Marmara region. FO: DP/TUR/71/521, Working Document, No: 18, İzmit, p.47.
  • Günay, T., 1983. Investigation report about the site conditions of afforestation areas in the Western Black Sea region. TC, Ministry of Forestry, Ankara, p.28.
  • Hızal, A., T. Zoralioğlu and M. Zengin, 2002. Effects of different mechanized soil preparation methods on the survival and growth of Pinus pinaster Aiton. industrial plantation at Kerpe-İzmit. Proceedings of IUFRO Meeting Management of Fast Growing Plantations, Div.4.04.06, pp.126- 133.
  • Kanowski, P., 1997. Afforestration and plantation forestry, plantation forestry for 21. century. XI. World Forestry Congress XI. Vol. 3, Antalya, pp.25-37.
  • Kula, E., 2010. Afforestation with carbon sequestration and land use policy in Northern Ireland. Land Use Policy. 27 (3):749-52.
  • Lanly, C. P., 1997. Forestry and woodland resources. Proceedings of XI. World Forestry Congress, Vol. 1, Antalya, pp.3-13.
  • Lemoine, B., 1969. Pinus pinaster in the landes of Gascony. A study of allometric relations of stand volumes in relation to certain site factors. Ann. Sci. For. 26 (4):445-73.
  • Libby, W. J., 2002. Forest plantations productivity. FAO Working Paper, FP/3, Rome.
  • Özcan, B. G., 2003. Growth and yield in Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.) plantations. Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute, Technical Bulletin No: 195, İzmit, p.155.
  • Sun, O., M. E. Eren and M. Orpak, 1977. Determination of wood variety rates per single tree and unit area of our basic tree species. TÜBİTAK/TOAG Project No: 288, Ankara, p.119.
  • Şener, G., 2001. Relationships between incrementgrowth and thinning in Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.) plantations in Kerpe Research Forest. IU, Natural and Applied Science Institution, Master Thesis, p.45.
  • Theron, J. M., 1967. Die invloed van leeftyd, groeiplek en opstandsdigtheid op die groei van Pinus pinaster in Wes Kaapland. M.Sc. thesis, Faculty of Forestry, University of Stellenbosch, p.71-74.
  • Tolay, U., 1997. The industrial plantation potential, site preparation and maintenance in Turkey. Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute. Research Review 24:19- 37.
  • Tolay, U., S. Ayberk, T. Zoralioğlu and M. Bul, 1988. The effect of machine site preparation methods on success of Maritime pine and radiate pine afforestation in the unproductive coppice areas. Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute, Technical Bulletin No: 141:54.
  • Tunçtaner, K., 1990. General information on forestry improvement and afforestation techniques. FO:TCP/RAB/8854, Training Document No: 21:.39.
  • Tunçtaner, K., 1998. Import studies of exotic forest tree species and selection of tree species for industrial plantation. Workshop of Evaluations of Afforestrations made by Fast Growing Species and Studies to be done, Ministry of Forestry Publication No: 083:65- 71.
  • Tunçtaner, K., 2003. Sustainability of industrial forest plantations in Turkey. In Proceedings of International Workshop on Establishment of Industrial Plantations in Turkey, TEMA and Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute, İzmit, pp.15-31.
  • Tunçtaner, K., 2007. Forest genetic and tree improvement. Turkey Forester Association, Training document, No: 4:364.
  • Tunçtaner, K. and M. Tulukçu, 1993. The growth performance of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) and some exotic forest tree species in Aegean region. International Calabrian Pine Symposium, Marmaris-Turkey, pp.331-339.
  • Tunçtaner, K., M. Tulukçu and F. Toplu, 1985. Investigation on the selection the origins of Maritime pine used in the industrial plantation in Turkey. Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute Annual Bulletin No:21:43-102.
  • Tunçtaner, K., M. Tulukçu and F. Toplu, 1988. Investigation on morpho-genetic characteristics and growth performance on the origins of Maritime pine. Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute, Technical Bulletin No:144:120.
  • Türker, A., 1986. Multicriteria decision making in Afforestration. IU, Natural and Applied Science Institution, Ph.D. Thesis, p.233.
  • Ürgenç, S., 1972. Investigation on import of some fast growing exotic coniferous tree species and cultivate facilities. İU, Faculty of Forestry Publication No: 175/188, İstanbul.
  • Ürgenç, S. and M. Boydak, 1982. The problems related to import and cultivation of some fast growing coniferous tree species in Turkey. Symposium of Industrial Plantations with Fast Growing Exotic Trees, Kefken (İzmit), pp.157-171.

Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi Sahilçamı Ağaçlandırmalarında Teknik ve Ekonomik Değerlendirmeler

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 62 Sayı: 1, 31 - 45, 01.01.2012

Korhan Tunçtaner İsmet Daşdemir , Murat Ertekin Halil Özel

Öz

Bu makalede Bartın-Karaçaydere serisinde 1979-1984 yılları arasında tesis edilen sahilçamı (Pinus
pinaster Aiton.) plantasyonlarının teknik ve ekonomik bir değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda
farklı arazi hazırlığı tekniklerinin (makine ve işgücü) uygulandığı plantasyon alanlarından toplam 60 adet
deneme alanı alınmıştır. Deneme alanlarında ölçüm ve tespitler 2003 yılında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan
ölçüm ve tespit sonuçlarına göre, sahilçamı plantasyonlarının yanlış mekanizasyon tekniklerinin
uygulanmasına, hatalı orijin seçimine ve kar zararına rağmen büyüme ve ürün verimi yönünden memnun
edici düzeyde olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Buna göre makineli arazi hazırlığı yapılan plantasyon alanında
yıllık ortalama artım 12,3 m3
/ha, insan gücü ile arazi hazırlığı yapılan plantasyon alanında ise yıllık
ortalama artım 9,8 m3
/ha olarak tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan Net Bugünkü Değer, İç Kârlılık Oranı ve
Fayda/Maliyet Oranı kriterlerine göre gerçekleştirilen ekonomik analizler sonucunda, yörede farklı
yıllarda tesis edilen sahilçamı plantasyonlarının, araştırma alanının doğal türü olan doğu kayını (Fagus
orientalis Lipsky.) ormanlarına göre daha verimli ve kârlı bir yatırım olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sahilçamı Doğu Kayını endüstriyel plantasyon büyüme ve hasılat ekonomik analiz

Kaynakça

  • Akgül, S., 2010. Bio-Climatic Evaluations on The Growth of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.) in Turkey. I.U., Natural and Applied Science Institution, Ph.D. Thesis, p.155.
  • Aktaş, M., 2003. Research on growing performance of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.) in Kuruçaşile region. ZKU, Bartın Faculty of Forestry, Bachelor Thesis, p.44.
  • Anonymous, 2001. Bartın Forest Enterprise, Management Plan of Bartın Forest Enterprise Chieftaincy. Ankara, p.475.
  • Anonymous, 2006. Our forest wealthy. Ministry of Environmental and Forestry, Forestry General Directory, OGM Publishing, Ankara, p.152.
  • Asan, Ü., 1998. Industrial plantations and applications in Turkey. Workshop of Evaluations of Afforestrations made by Fast Growing Species and Studies to be done, Ministry of Forestry Publication No: 083, Ankara, pp.25-37.
  • Atıcı, E., 1998. Increment and growth in unevenaged oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) forests. İU, Natural and Applied Science Institution, Doctorate Thesis, p.293.
  • Ayberk, S., 1996. Research on pruning techniques in afforestrations of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.). Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute, Technical Bulletin No:4, İzmit, p.178.
  • Ayberk, S., U. Tolay and T. Zoralioğlu, 1998. Results from spacing experiments established by Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.) and radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute, Technical Bulletin No: 187, p.30.
  • Bailly, A., 1990. Evolution and Current Status of Wide Spacings and Heavy Thinnings in France. New Approaches to Spacing and Thinning in Plantation Forestry. 10-14 April 1989 Rotorua, New Zealand; Forest Research Institute, pp.43-46.
  • Belghazi, B. and F. Romane, 1993. Relations between stem morphometric characteristics and environment. The case of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster var. maghrebiana) in northern Morocco. Cahiers-Agricultures. 2:(5), 338- 342. p.28 .
  • Birler, A. S., 1982. Yield estimations in industrial plantations established fast growing trees in Marmara region. Symposium of Industrial Plantations with Fast Growing Exotic Trees, Kefken (İzmit), pp.349-368.
  • Birler, A. S., 1995. Importance of industrial plantations for our forests conservation. TEMA Foundation Publication No:8, İstanbul.
  • Birler, A. S., 1998. Prefeasibility study for fast growing forest trees and industrial plantation investments. Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute, Various Publication Series, No: 11, İzmit, p.56.
  • Birler, A. S. and Y. Yüksel, 1983. A study of yields from plantation grown Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.) stands. Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute Annual Bulletin, No: 19, İzmit, pp.295-343.
  • Birler, A. S., S. Koçar and A. Diner. 1996. Determination of productive of wood and energy in coppice stands in Kerpe Research Forest and comparison with fast growing coniferous tree species industrial plantation. Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute. Technical Bulletin No: 177, İzmit, p.55.
  • Bonilla, J. A. and R. Beckmann, 1964. Sixth contribution on forest mensuration: estimation of yield of Pinus pinaster in the Carrasco zone (second part). Bol. Dep. For. Uruguay No. 12, 1964 (10-9 + 3 gphs.).
  • Boydak, M., C. D. Oliver and H. Dirik, 1995. Import facilities of fast growing coniferous forest tree species originated from USA in Turkey. Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute. Various Publication Series, No: 7, İzmit, p.55.
  • Boydak, M. and H. Dirik, 1998. Phase reached in studies done so far on fast growing species in our country, implemented policies and strategies, strategy and policy recommendations can be applied accordingly. Workshop of Evaluations of Afforestrations made by Fast Growing Species and Studies to be done, Ministry of Forestry Publication No: 083, Ankara, pp.13-24.
  • Brown, C., 2000. The global outlook for future wood supply from forest plantations. FAO Working Paper, No: GFPOS/WP/03, Rome.
  • Burley, J., 1972. Industrial forestry plantations in Turkey. Species introduction and tree improvement. FAO: DP/TUR/71/521 Technical Report, No:1, Rome, p.47.
  • Carus, S., 1998. Increment and growth in evenaged oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) forests. İU, Natural and Applied Science Institution, Doctorate Thesis, p.359.
  • Cooling, E. N. G., 1977. Industrial forestry plantations in Turkey. Final report: Plantation Silviculture. FAO:DP/TUR/71/521, Working Document, No: 28, İzmit, p.95.
  • Daşdemir, İ., 2005. Planning and project evaluation for forest engineering. ZKU, Publication of the Faculty of Forestry, No: 80/16, BartınTurkey, p.168.
  • Daşdemir, İ. and A. Şahin, 2005. Economical evaluation of plantations alternatives in Bartın region. ZKU, Review of Bartın Faculty of Forestry, I-II:38-53.
  • Decourt N. and B. Lemoine, 1969. Tables de Production provisoires pour le pin maritime dans le Sud-Quest de la France. Ann. Sci. For., 26 (1):5-12.
  • Destremau, D. X., R. L. Duvall, T. Resch, Wyst and G. Van Der., 1976. Five years of weekly measurements of girth increment. Annalesde-la-Recherche-Forestiere-au-Maroc. 16: 3- 43:16.
  • Duarte, C., E. Rıbeıro and J. Cosme, 1991. Yield tables. DGF-Informacao. 2(5):23-25.
  • Durkaya, A., 2001. Determination of planning principles and suitable sites for industrial plantations. İU, Natural and Applied Science Institution, Doctorate Thesis, p. 149.
  • Editions Du Present, 1997. Société EDITIONS DU PRESENT Cité, Mondiale Parvis des Chartrons, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
  • Erkan, N., 2002. Growth performance of Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) in natural forest and plantations in Turkey. Proceedings of IUFRO Meeting Management of Fast Growing Plantations, İzmit, pp. 67-74.
  • Geray, A. U. 1986. Planning Lecture Notes. IU, Faculty of Forestry, İstanbul, p.122.
  • Giannini, R., G. Palmas and A. Tanı, 1992. Provenance trials of Pinus pinaster in Sardinia, Monti-e-Boschi, 43/1, p.11.
  • Guinaudeau, J., 1966. Daily diameter growth of Pinus pinaster on two sites of the Landes in 1966. Mem. Soc. Bot. France. 1966(1968), p.165-71.
  • Grut, M., 1976. Cost-benefit analysis of industrial reforestation in the Marmara region. FO: DP/TUR/71/521, Working Document, No: 18, İzmit, p.47.
  • Günay, T., 1983. Investigation report about the site conditions of afforestation areas in the Western Black Sea region. TC, Ministry of Forestry, Ankara, p.28.
  • Hızal, A., T. Zoralioğlu and M. Zengin, 2002. Effects of different mechanized soil preparation methods on the survival and growth of Pinus pinaster Aiton. industrial plantation at Kerpe-İzmit. Proceedings of IUFRO Meeting Management of Fast Growing Plantations, Div.4.04.06, pp.126- 133.
  • Kanowski, P., 1997. Afforestration and plantation forestry, plantation forestry for 21. century. XI. World Forestry Congress XI. Vol. 3, Antalya, pp.25-37.
  • Kula, E., 2010. Afforestation with carbon sequestration and land use policy in Northern Ireland. Land Use Policy. 27 (3):749-52.
  • Lanly, C. P., 1997. Forestry and woodland resources. Proceedings of XI. World Forestry Congress, Vol. 1, Antalya, pp.3-13.
  • Lemoine, B., 1969. Pinus pinaster in the landes of Gascony. A study of allometric relations of stand volumes in relation to certain site factors. Ann. Sci. For. 26 (4):445-73.
  • Libby, W. J., 2002. Forest plantations productivity. FAO Working Paper, FP/3, Rome.
  • Özcan, B. G., 2003. Growth and yield in Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.) plantations. Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute, Technical Bulletin No: 195, İzmit, p.155.
  • Sun, O., M. E. Eren and M. Orpak, 1977. Determination of wood variety rates per single tree and unit area of our basic tree species. TÜBİTAK/TOAG Project No: 288, Ankara, p.119.
  • Şener, G., 2001. Relationships between incrementgrowth and thinning in Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.) plantations in Kerpe Research Forest. IU, Natural and Applied Science Institution, Master Thesis, p.45.
  • Theron, J. M., 1967. Die invloed van leeftyd, groeiplek en opstandsdigtheid op die groei van Pinus pinaster in Wes Kaapland. M.Sc. thesis, Faculty of Forestry, University of Stellenbosch, p.71-74.
  • Tolay, U., 1997. The industrial plantation potential, site preparation and maintenance in Turkey. Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute. Research Review 24:19- 37.
  • Tolay, U., S. Ayberk, T. Zoralioğlu and M. Bul, 1988. The effect of machine site preparation methods on success of Maritime pine and radiate pine afforestation in the unproductive coppice areas. Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute, Technical Bulletin No: 141:54.
  • Tunçtaner, K., 1990. General information on forestry improvement and afforestation techniques. FO:TCP/RAB/8854, Training Document No: 21:.39.
  • Tunçtaner, K., 1998. Import studies of exotic forest tree species and selection of tree species for industrial plantation. Workshop of Evaluations of Afforestrations made by Fast Growing Species and Studies to be done, Ministry of Forestry Publication No: 083:65- 71.
  • Tunçtaner, K., 2003. Sustainability of industrial forest plantations in Turkey. In Proceedings of International Workshop on Establishment of Industrial Plantations in Turkey, TEMA and Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute, İzmit, pp.15-31.
  • Tunçtaner, K., 2007. Forest genetic and tree improvement. Turkey Forester Association, Training document, No: 4:364.
  • Tunçtaner, K. and M. Tulukçu, 1993. The growth performance of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) and some exotic forest tree species in Aegean region. International Calabrian Pine Symposium, Marmaris-Turkey, pp.331-339.
  • Tunçtaner, K., M. Tulukçu and F. Toplu, 1985. Investigation on the selection the origins of Maritime pine used in the industrial plantation in Turkey. Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute Annual Bulletin No:21:43-102.
  • Tunçtaner, K., M. Tulukçu and F. Toplu, 1988. Investigation on morpho-genetic characteristics and growth performance on the origins of Maritime pine. Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute, Technical Bulletin No:144:120.
  • Türker, A., 1986. Multicriteria decision making in Afforestration. IU, Natural and Applied Science Institution, Ph.D. Thesis, p.233.
  • Ürgenç, S., 1972. Investigation on import of some fast growing exotic coniferous tree species and cultivate facilities. İU, Faculty of Forestry Publication No: 175/188, İstanbul.
  • Ürgenç, S. and M. Boydak, 1982. The problems related to import and cultivation of some fast growing coniferous tree species in Turkey. Symposium of Industrial Plantations with Fast Growing Exotic Trees, Kefken (İzmit), pp.157-171.
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi (Research Article)
Yazarlar

Korhan Tunçtaner Bu kişi benim

İsmet Daşdemir

Murat Ertekin Bu kişi benim

Halil Özel Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 62 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tunçtaner, K., Daşdemir, İ., Ertekin, M., Özel, H. (2012). Technical and Economical Evaluations of Maritime Pine Plantations in Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 62(1), 31-45. https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.69337
AMA Tunçtaner K, Daşdemir İ, Ertekin M, Özel H. Technical and Economical Evaluations of Maritime Pine Plantations in Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. J FAC FOR ISTANBUL U. Ocak 2012;62(1):31-45. doi:10.17099/jffiu.69337
Chicago Tunçtaner, Korhan, İsmet Daşdemir, Murat Ertekin, ve Halil Özel. “Technical and Economical Evaluations of Maritime Pine Plantations in Western Black Sea Region of Turkey”. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 62, sy. 1 (Ocak 2012): 31-45. https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.69337.
EndNote Tunçtaner K, Daşdemir İ, Ertekin M, Özel H (01 Ocak 2012) Technical and Economical Evaluations of Maritime Pine Plantations in Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 62 1 31–45.
IEEE K. Tunçtaner, İ. Daşdemir, M. Ertekin, ve H. Özel, “Technical and Economical Evaluations of Maritime Pine Plantations in Western Black Sea Region of Turkey”, J FAC FOR ISTANBUL U, c. 62, sy. 1, ss. 31–45, 2012, doi: 10.17099/jffiu.69337.
ISNAD Tunçtaner, Korhan vd. “Technical and Economical Evaluations of Maritime Pine Plantations in Western Black Sea Region of Turkey”. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 62/1 (Ocak 2012), 31-45. https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.69337.
JAMA Tunçtaner K, Daşdemir İ, Ertekin M, Özel H. Technical and Economical Evaluations of Maritime Pine Plantations in Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. J FAC FOR ISTANBUL U. 2012;62:31–45.
MLA Tunçtaner, Korhan vd. “Technical and Economical Evaluations of Maritime Pine Plantations in Western Black Sea Region of Turkey”. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, c. 62, sy. 1, 2012, ss. 31-45, doi:10.17099/jffiu.69337.
Vancouver Tunçtaner K, Daşdemir İ, Ertekin M, Özel H. Technical and Economical Evaluations of Maritime Pine Plantations in Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. J FAC FOR ISTANBUL U. 2012;62(1):31-45.
 Kapak Resmi İndir