Saf ve karışık meşe, kayın meşcerelerinde ölü örtü dökümü ve bu yolla toprağa verilen besin maddeleri

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 67 Sayı: 2, 185 - 200, 01.07.2017

Meriç Çakır , Serdar Akburak

https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.301602

Öz

Ölü örtü dökümü ve ayrışması, besin maddelerinin toprak üstü ekosistemden toprak sistemine geçişini sağlayan önemli bir süreçtir. Orman ekosisteminde uzun dönem besin durumunun korunmasını sağlar. Orman ekosistemlerinin sağlıklı işleyebilmesi için, ölü örtü dökümü ile toprak canlıları için enerji ve besin girdisinin bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Atatürk Arboretumu’nda, saf ve karışık meşe (Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl.), kayın (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) meşcerelerinde yürütülen bu çalışmanın amacı ölü örtü dökümü ve bu yolla 2009-2011 yılları arasında ekosisteme geri verilen besin madde miktarının belirlenmesidir. Bu amaç ile belirlenen çalışma alanlarında ölü örtü kapanları kullanılmıştır. Kapanlara düşen bitki kısımları yaprak, dal ve diğer kısımlar (palamut, çiçek, kabuk vb.) olarak ayrılmıştır. Örneklerde C, N, P, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Mn, Fe, Al, Zn, Pb, Ni ve Cu içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada her üç alanda da en yüksek ölü örtü döküm miktarı 2010 yılında ölçülmüştür. Toplam ölü örtü dökümü örnekleme alanlarında ortalama 3947-4578 kg/ha olarak bulunmuştur. Dökümle gelen yaprak miktarı ortalama olarak meşe, kayın ve meşe-kayın alanlarında sırası ile %86, %62 ve %75 olarak belirlenmiştir. Element yoğunluğu genel olarak en fazla yapraklarda en az dallarda bulunmaktadır. Tüm alanlarda element yoğunluğunun genel olarak C>Ca>N>Mg>K>Mn>P>Al>Fe>Na>Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb şeklinde sıralandığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Döküm yolu ile gelen ölü örtü elemanları arasında istatistiksel fark bulunurken saf ve karışık alanlar arasında ve yıllara göre istatistiksel fark bulunmamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ölü örtü, döküm bileşenleri, makro besin maddeleri, mikro besin maddeleri, meşe, kayın, karışık meşcere,

Received (Geliş): 31.10.2016 - Revised (Düzeltme): 29.11.2016 -   Accepted (Kabul): 02.01.2017

Cite (Atıf): Cakir, M., Akburak, S. 2017. Litterfall and nutrients return to soil in pure and mixed stands of oak and beech. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 67(2): 178-193. DOI: 10.17099/jffiu.301602

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ölü örtü, döküm bileşenleri, Makro besin maddeleri, Mikro besin maddeleri, meşe, kayın, karışık meşcere

Litterfall and nutrients return to soil in pure and mixed stands of oak and beech

Öz

Litterfall is a significant pathway for the return of nutrients and carbon (C) to the soil in forest ecosystems. It provides long-term maintenance of nutrients in the forest ecosystem. For maintaining healthy forest ecosystems, knowledge about litterfall, energy, and nutrient inputs to the soil biota is important. This study was aimed to determine litterfall and nutrient return to soil in pure and mixed stands of oak (Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl.) and beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in Atatürk Arboretum, Turkey. Litterfall has been collected over 3 years from 2009 to 2011 at all three sites. Litter traps were used for this purpose, and the trapped samples were sorted into fractions, which included leaves (foliar), branches/twigs, and others (e.g., acorn, flowers, bark, etc.). The concentrations of 14 elements (C, N, P, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Mn, Fe, Al, Zn, Pb, Ni, and Cu) were analyzed. The highest amount of litterfall in the three areas was measured in 2010. The average total litterfall ranged from 3947 to 4578 kg/ha. The average amounts of leaflitter in oak, beech, and oak–beech sites were 86%, 62%, and 75%, respectively. Nutrient concentrations were higher in leaves and the least in branches and twigs. Element concentrations generally showed a descending order as C>Ca>N>Mg>K>Mn>P>Al>Fe>Na>Zn>Cu>Ni> in all the sites. The pure and mixed sites were not significantly different by years, but there was a significant difference in the nutrient concentrations of litterfall fractions between the two sites.

Keywords: Litter, litterfall compartments, macronutrients, micronutrients, oak, beech, mixed stands

Received (Geliş): 31.10.2016 - Revised (Düzeltme): 29.11.2016 -   Accepted (Kabul): 02.01.2017

Cite (Atıf): Cakir, M., Akburak, S. 2017. Litterfall and nutrients return to soil in pure and mixed stands of oak and beech. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 67(2): 178-193. DOI: 10.17099/jffiu.301602

Anahtar Kelimeler

Litter, litterfall compartments, macro nutrients, micro nutrients, oak, beech, mixed stands

Kaynakça

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