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Phytosociological investigations of steppe and steppe forest vegetation in the south-east part of Central Anatolia of Turkey

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 67 Sayı: 2, 210 - 226, 01.07.2017

Nihal Kenar

https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.322422

Öz

To gain a better understanding of the ecological systems, it is necessary to study the development, composition, and classification of the steppe and steppe forest communities, which are the primary components of phytocoenoses in semi-arid environments. Therefore, this study was aimed to contribute to a syntaxonomic classification of the Central Anatolian steppe and steppe forest vegetation. The Braun–Blanquet approach was used to analyze the vegetation of the study area in Göllüdağ (2172 m a.s.l.) located in the north of Niğde province. The vegetation data were analyzed using cluster analysis and detrended components analysis. The relationships between the communities and certain environmental factors were examined by principal components analysis. Two new steppe and steppe forest communities in Central Anatolia were classified in this study. The steppe communities were included in Agropyro tauri - Stachydion lavandulifoliae and Astragalo-Brometalia, whereas the steppe forest communities were classified as Quercion anatolicae and Querco cerridis-Carpinetalia orientalis.

Keywords: Göllüdağ, steppe, oak scrubs, phytosociology, syntaxonomy

Received (Geliş): 05.10.2016 - Revised (Düzeltme): 21.11.2016 -   Accepted (Kabul): 24.11.2016

Cite (Atıf): Kenar, N, 2017. Phytosociological investigations of steppe and steppe forest vegetation in the south-east part of Central Anatolia of Turkey. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 67(2): 203-219. DOI: 10.17099/jffiu.322422

Anahtar Kelimeler

Göllüdağ steppe oak scrubs phytosociology syntaxonomy

Kaynakça

  • Aćić, S., Šilc, U., Petrović, M., Tomović, G., Dajić Stevanović, Z. 2015. Classification, ecology and biodiversity of Central Balkan dry grasslands. Tuxenia 35: 329-353, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14471/2015.35.007.
  • Adıgüzel, N., Vural, M. 1995. The vegetation of Soğuksu National Park (Ankara). Turkish Journal of Botany 19(2): 213-234.
  • Akman, Y. 1974. Evolution regressive de la vegetation a l'etage du Pinus nigra ssp. pallasiana dans l’Anatolie Centrale dans un climat mediterraneen semi aride tres froid. Communications Faculty of Sciences University of Ankara Series C: Biology 18: 1-6.
  • Akman, Y. 1995. Türkiye Orman Vejetasyonu. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Akman, Y., Ketenoğlu, O., Kurt, L., Vural, M. 2014. İç Anadolu Step Vejetasyonu. Palme Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Aksoy, A., Hamzaoğlu, E. 2006. Vegetation zones in the salty marshes of Central Anatolia and natural borders of agricultural usage (Turkey). In : Oztürk, M., Waisel, Y., Khan, M.A. and Görk G. Biosaline Agriculture and Salinity Tolerance in Plants, Switzerland, pp. 109-116.
  • Anonymous, 2009. R Version 2.10.1 for Windows [The R foundation for statistical computing].
  • Asouti, E. 2009. The relationship between Early Holocene climate change and Neolithic settlement in Central Anatolia, Turkey: current issues and prospects for future research. Documenta Praehistorica 36: 1-5, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.36.1.
  • Aytuğ, B. 1970. Arkeolojik araştırmaların ışığı altında İç Anadolu stebi. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 20: 127-143.
  • Aytuğ, B., Görecelioğlu, E. 1996. Tarih öncesi dönemde Kuzey Anadolu'da tarım, otlatma ve mevsimlik göçlerin bitki örtüsüne etkileri. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University| İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 46(1-2-3-4): 1-14.
  • Baş, R. 1968. Son 5 bin yıl içinde Anadolu’da orman durumu. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 2 (18): 211-234.
  • Bottema, S. 1993. The palaeoenvironment of prehistoric man in the Near East: some aspects of palynological research. Nichibunken Japan Review 4: 129-140.
  • Bouyoucos, G.J. 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils. Agronomy Journal 54: 464-465.
  • Braun-Blanquet, J. 1964. Pflanzensoziologie. Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde 3rd edn. Springer, Wien.
  • Cordova, C.E. 2005. The degradation of the ancient near eastern environment. In: Snell, D.C. (Eds.), A Companion to the Ancient Near East, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, pp. 107-125.
  • Çetik, A.R. 1985. The vegetation of Turkey: The vegetation and ecology of Central Anatolia. Selçuk Üniversitesi Yayınları, Konya.
  • Davis, P.H. (Ed.), 1965-1985. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Dizdar, M.Y. 2003. Türkiye'nin Toprak Kaynakları. TMMOB Ziraat Mühendisleri Odası Teknik Yayınlar Dizisi, Ankara.
  • Djamali, M., Brewer, S., Breckle, S.W., Jackson, S.T. 2012. Climatic determinism in phytogeographic regionalization: a test from the Irano-Turanian region, SW and Central Asia. Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 207(4): 237-249.
  • England, A., Eastwood, W.J., Roberts, C.N., Turner, R., Haldon, J.F. 2008. Historical landscape change in Cappadocia (central Turkey): a palaeoecological investigation of annually laminated sediments from Nar lake. The Holocene 18(8): 1229-1245, doi: 10.1177/0959683608096598. Fırıncıoğlu, H.K., Seefeldt, S.S., Şahin, B., Vural, M. 2009. Assessment of grazing effect on sheep fescue (Festuca valesiaca) dominated steppe rangelands, in the semi-arid Central Anatolian region of Turkey. Journal of Arid Environments 73(12): 1149-1157, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.05.012.
  • Giménez, E., Melendo, M., Valle, F., Gómez-Mercado, F., Cano, E. 2004. Endemic flora biodiversity in the south of the Iberian Peninsula: altitudinal distribution, life forms and dispersal modes. Biodiversity and Conservation 13(14): 2641-2660, doi: 10.1007/s10531-004-2140-7.
  • Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M. 2012. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul.
  • Hall, G.F. 1983. Pedology and geomorphology. In: Wilding, L.P., Smeck, N.E., Hall, G.F. (Eds.), Pedogenesis and Soil Taxonomy: I. Concepts and Interactions, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 117-140.
  • Hamzaoğlu, E. 2006. Phytosociological studies on the steppe communities of East Anatolia. Ekoloji 15(61): 29-55.
  • Hamzaoğlu, E., Aydoğdu, M., Kurt, L., Cansaran, A. 2004. New syntaxa from the west part of Central Anatolia. Pakistan Journal of Botany 36(2): 235-246.
  • Hennekens, S.M. and Schaminée, J.H. 2001. TURBOVEG, a comprehensive data base management system for vegetation data. Journal of Vegetation Science 12(4): 589-591, doi: 10.2307/3237010.
  • Hopf, M. 1992. Plant remains from Boǧazköy, Turkey. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 73(1): 99-104, doi: 10.1016/0034-6667(92)90048-L.
  • Imanberdieva, N. 2015. Flora and Plant Formations Distributed in At-Bashy Valleys–Internal Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan and Interactions with Climate. In: Öztürk, M., Hakeem, K.R., Faridah-Hanum, I., Efe, R. (Eds.), Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems, Springer, Switzerland, pp. 569-590.
  • Jalut, G., Dedoubat, J.J., Fontugne, M., Otto, T. 2009. Holocene circum-Mediterranean vegetation changes: climate forcing and human impact. Quaternary International 200(1): 4-18, doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2008.03.012.
  • Kılınç, M. 1985. Iç Anadolu-Batı Karadeniz geçiş bölgesinde Devrez çayı ile Kızılırmak nehri arasında kalan bölgenin vejetasyonu. Doğa Bilim Dergisi Seri A 9(2): 238-314.
  • Kirwan, G., Demirci, B., Welch, H., Boyla, K., Özen, M., Castell, P., Marlow, T. 2010. The birds of Turkey. Bloomsbury Publishing, London.
  • Koç, A. 2000. Turkish rangelands and shrub culture. Rangelands Archives 22(4): 25-26, doi: 10.2458/azu_rangelands_v22i4_koc.
  • Kurt, L., Tuğ, G.N., Ketenoğlu, O. 2006. Synoptic view of the steppe vegetation of Central Anatolia (Turkey). Asian Journal of Plant Science 5: 733-739.
  • Kurt, L., Ketenoğlu, O., Tuğ, GN., Şekerciler, F. 2015. Highland Vegetation of Inner and Eastern Anatolia and the Effects of Global Warming, In: Öztürk, M., Hakeem KH., Faridah-Hanum, I., Efe, R., Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems. Springer, Switzerland, pp. 275-288 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-12859-7_11.
  • Kürschner, H., Parolly, G. 2012. The Central Anatolian Steppe, In: Marinus M.J.A. and Van Staalduinen, M.A. (Eds.), Eurasian Steppes. Ecological Problems and Livelihoods in a Changing World. Springer, Netherlands, pp. 149-171, doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-3886-7_4.
  • Kurt, L., Tuğ, G., Ketenoğlu, O. 2006. Synoptic view of the steppe vegetation of Central Anatolia (Turkey). Asian Journal of Plant Science 5: 733-739, doi: 10.3923/ajps.2006.733.739.
  • McCune, B., Mefford, M.J. 1999. PC-ORD: Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data: Version 4. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon.
  • Noroozi, J., Akhanı, H., Willner, W., 2010. Phytosociological and ecological study of the high alpine vegetation of Tuchal Mountains (Central Alborz, Iran). Phytocoenologia 40(4): 293-321, doi: 10.1127/0340-269X/2010/0040-0478.
  • Ocakverdi, H. and Ünal, A., 1991. Karadağ’ın (Karaman) bitki sosyolojisi ve ekolojisi yönünden araştırılması. Doğa Turkish Journal of Botany 15: 79-106.
  • Ocakverdi, H., Vural, M., Adıgüzel, N., 2009. Vegetation of Kısır Dağı (Kars-Ardahan/Turkey). BioDiCon 2(2): 1-37.
  • Olsen, S.R., 1954. Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction with Sodium Bicarbonate. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington DC.
  • Parolly, G., 2004. The high mountain vegetation of Turkey-A state of the art report, including a first annotated conspectus of the major syntaxa. Turkish Journal of Botany 28: 39-63.
  • Pignatti, S., Oberdorfer, E., Schaminée, J., Westhoff, V., 1995. On the concept of vegetation class in phytosociology. Journal of Vegetation Science 6(1): 143-152, doi:10.2307/3236265.
  • Quézel, P., Barbero, M., Akman, Y. 1980. Contribution A l'etude De La Vegetation Forestiere D'anatolie Septentrionale. Phytocoenologia 8(3/4): 365-519.
  • Raunkiaer, C. 1934. Life Forms of Plants and Statistical Plant Geography, Clarendon, Oxford.
  • Redzic, S. 1999. The Syntaxonomical Differentiation of the Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. & R. Tx. 1943 ex Klika & Hadac 1944 in the Balkans. Annali di Botanica 57: 167-180, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4462/annbotrm-9056.
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İç Anadolu'nun güneydoğu kesiminde step ve step bitki örtüsü ile ilgili fitososyolojik araştırmalar

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 67 Sayı: 2, 210 - 226, 01.07.2017

Nihal Kenar

https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.322422

Öz

Ekolojik sistemlerin daha iyi anlaşılması için yarı kurak ortamlardaki fitosenözlerin temel bileşenlerinden olan step ve step ormanı komünitelerinin gelişimi, yapısı ve sınıflandırılmasının araştırılması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmada, İç Anadolu step ve step ormanı vejetasyonunun sintaksonomik olarak sınıflandırılmasına katkı sağlaması amaçlanmıştır. Niğde ilinin kuzeyinde bulunan Göllüdağ’da bulunan araştırma alanının vejetasyonu Braun-Blaunquet metoduna göre analiz edilmiştir. Vejetasyon verilerinin analizi, kümeleme ve Eğilimsiz Uyum Analizi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Komüniteler ile bazı çevresel faktörler arasındaki ilişki Temel Bileşen Analizi yardımıyla incelenmiştir. Çalışmada İç Anadolu’da iki yeni step ve step ormanı komünitesi tespit edilmiştir. Step komünitesi Agropyro tauri - Stachydion lavandulifoliae alyansına ve Astragalo-Brometalia ordosuna dâhil edilirken, step ormanı komünitesi Quercion anatolicae alyansına ve Querco cerridis-Carpinetalia orientalis ordosu içerisinde sınıflandırılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Göllüdağ, step, meşe çalılığı, fitososyoloji, sintaksonomi

Received (Geliş): 05.10.2016 - Revised (Düzeltme): 21.11.2016 -   Accepted (Kabul): 24.11.2016

Cite (Atıf): Kenar, N, 2017. Phytosociological investigations of steppe and steppe forest vegetation in the south-east part of Central Anatolia of Turkey. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 67(2): 203-219. DOI: 10.17099/jffiu.322422

Anahtar Kelimeler

Göllüdağ step meşe çalılığı fitososyoloji sintaksonomi

Kaynakça

  • Aćić, S., Šilc, U., Petrović, M., Tomović, G., Dajić Stevanović, Z. 2015. Classification, ecology and biodiversity of Central Balkan dry grasslands. Tuxenia 35: 329-353, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14471/2015.35.007.
  • Adıgüzel, N., Vural, M. 1995. The vegetation of Soğuksu National Park (Ankara). Turkish Journal of Botany 19(2): 213-234.
  • Akman, Y. 1974. Evolution regressive de la vegetation a l'etage du Pinus nigra ssp. pallasiana dans l’Anatolie Centrale dans un climat mediterraneen semi aride tres froid. Communications Faculty of Sciences University of Ankara Series C: Biology 18: 1-6.
  • Akman, Y. 1995. Türkiye Orman Vejetasyonu. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Akman, Y., Ketenoğlu, O., Kurt, L., Vural, M. 2014. İç Anadolu Step Vejetasyonu. Palme Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Aksoy, A., Hamzaoğlu, E. 2006. Vegetation zones in the salty marshes of Central Anatolia and natural borders of agricultural usage (Turkey). In : Oztürk, M., Waisel, Y., Khan, M.A. and Görk G. Biosaline Agriculture and Salinity Tolerance in Plants, Switzerland, pp. 109-116.
  • Anonymous, 2009. R Version 2.10.1 for Windows [The R foundation for statistical computing].
  • Asouti, E. 2009. The relationship between Early Holocene climate change and Neolithic settlement in Central Anatolia, Turkey: current issues and prospects for future research. Documenta Praehistorica 36: 1-5, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.36.1.
  • Aytuğ, B. 1970. Arkeolojik araştırmaların ışığı altında İç Anadolu stebi. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 20: 127-143.
  • Aytuğ, B., Görecelioğlu, E. 1996. Tarih öncesi dönemde Kuzey Anadolu'da tarım, otlatma ve mevsimlik göçlerin bitki örtüsüne etkileri. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University| İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 46(1-2-3-4): 1-14.
  • Baş, R. 1968. Son 5 bin yıl içinde Anadolu’da orman durumu. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 2 (18): 211-234.
  • Bottema, S. 1993. The palaeoenvironment of prehistoric man in the Near East: some aspects of palynological research. Nichibunken Japan Review 4: 129-140.
  • Bouyoucos, G.J. 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils. Agronomy Journal 54: 464-465.
  • Braun-Blanquet, J. 1964. Pflanzensoziologie. Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde 3rd edn. Springer, Wien.
  • Cordova, C.E. 2005. The degradation of the ancient near eastern environment. In: Snell, D.C. (Eds.), A Companion to the Ancient Near East, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, pp. 107-125.
  • Çetik, A.R. 1985. The vegetation of Turkey: The vegetation and ecology of Central Anatolia. Selçuk Üniversitesi Yayınları, Konya.
  • Davis, P.H. (Ed.), 1965-1985. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Dizdar, M.Y. 2003. Türkiye'nin Toprak Kaynakları. TMMOB Ziraat Mühendisleri Odası Teknik Yayınlar Dizisi, Ankara.
  • Djamali, M., Brewer, S., Breckle, S.W., Jackson, S.T. 2012. Climatic determinism in phytogeographic regionalization: a test from the Irano-Turanian region, SW and Central Asia. Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 207(4): 237-249.
  • England, A., Eastwood, W.J., Roberts, C.N., Turner, R., Haldon, J.F. 2008. Historical landscape change in Cappadocia (central Turkey): a palaeoecological investigation of annually laminated sediments from Nar lake. The Holocene 18(8): 1229-1245, doi: 10.1177/0959683608096598. Fırıncıoğlu, H.K., Seefeldt, S.S., Şahin, B., Vural, M. 2009. Assessment of grazing effect on sheep fescue (Festuca valesiaca) dominated steppe rangelands, in the semi-arid Central Anatolian region of Turkey. Journal of Arid Environments 73(12): 1149-1157, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.05.012.
  • Giménez, E., Melendo, M., Valle, F., Gómez-Mercado, F., Cano, E. 2004. Endemic flora biodiversity in the south of the Iberian Peninsula: altitudinal distribution, life forms and dispersal modes. Biodiversity and Conservation 13(14): 2641-2660, doi: 10.1007/s10531-004-2140-7.
  • Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M. 2012. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul.
  • Hall, G.F. 1983. Pedology and geomorphology. In: Wilding, L.P., Smeck, N.E., Hall, G.F. (Eds.), Pedogenesis and Soil Taxonomy: I. Concepts and Interactions, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 117-140.
  • Hamzaoğlu, E. 2006. Phytosociological studies on the steppe communities of East Anatolia. Ekoloji 15(61): 29-55.
  • Hamzaoğlu, E., Aydoğdu, M., Kurt, L., Cansaran, A. 2004. New syntaxa from the west part of Central Anatolia. Pakistan Journal of Botany 36(2): 235-246.
  • Hennekens, S.M. and Schaminée, J.H. 2001. TURBOVEG, a comprehensive data base management system for vegetation data. Journal of Vegetation Science 12(4): 589-591, doi: 10.2307/3237010.
  • Hopf, M. 1992. Plant remains from Boǧazköy, Turkey. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 73(1): 99-104, doi: 10.1016/0034-6667(92)90048-L.
  • Imanberdieva, N. 2015. Flora and Plant Formations Distributed in At-Bashy Valleys–Internal Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan and Interactions with Climate. In: Öztürk, M., Hakeem, K.R., Faridah-Hanum, I., Efe, R. (Eds.), Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems, Springer, Switzerland, pp. 569-590.
  • Jalut, G., Dedoubat, J.J., Fontugne, M., Otto, T. 2009. Holocene circum-Mediterranean vegetation changes: climate forcing and human impact. Quaternary International 200(1): 4-18, doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2008.03.012.
  • Kılınç, M. 1985. Iç Anadolu-Batı Karadeniz geçiş bölgesinde Devrez çayı ile Kızılırmak nehri arasında kalan bölgenin vejetasyonu. Doğa Bilim Dergisi Seri A 9(2): 238-314.
  • Kirwan, G., Demirci, B., Welch, H., Boyla, K., Özen, M., Castell, P., Marlow, T. 2010. The birds of Turkey. Bloomsbury Publishing, London.
  • Koç, A. 2000. Turkish rangelands and shrub culture. Rangelands Archives 22(4): 25-26, doi: 10.2458/azu_rangelands_v22i4_koc.
  • Kurt, L., Tuğ, G.N., Ketenoğlu, O. 2006. Synoptic view of the steppe vegetation of Central Anatolia (Turkey). Asian Journal of Plant Science 5: 733-739.
  • Kurt, L., Ketenoğlu, O., Tuğ, GN., Şekerciler, F. 2015. Highland Vegetation of Inner and Eastern Anatolia and the Effects of Global Warming, In: Öztürk, M., Hakeem KH., Faridah-Hanum, I., Efe, R., Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems. Springer, Switzerland, pp. 275-288 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-12859-7_11.
  • Kürschner, H., Parolly, G. 2012. The Central Anatolian Steppe, In: Marinus M.J.A. and Van Staalduinen, M.A. (Eds.), Eurasian Steppes. Ecological Problems and Livelihoods in a Changing World. Springer, Netherlands, pp. 149-171, doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-3886-7_4.
  • Kurt, L., Tuğ, G., Ketenoğlu, O. 2006. Synoptic view of the steppe vegetation of Central Anatolia (Turkey). Asian Journal of Plant Science 5: 733-739, doi: 10.3923/ajps.2006.733.739.
  • McCune, B., Mefford, M.J. 1999. PC-ORD: Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data: Version 4. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon.
  • Noroozi, J., Akhanı, H., Willner, W., 2010. Phytosociological and ecological study of the high alpine vegetation of Tuchal Mountains (Central Alborz, Iran). Phytocoenologia 40(4): 293-321, doi: 10.1127/0340-269X/2010/0040-0478.
  • Ocakverdi, H. and Ünal, A., 1991. Karadağ’ın (Karaman) bitki sosyolojisi ve ekolojisi yönünden araştırılması. Doğa Turkish Journal of Botany 15: 79-106.
  • Ocakverdi, H., Vural, M., Adıgüzel, N., 2009. Vegetation of Kısır Dağı (Kars-Ardahan/Turkey). BioDiCon 2(2): 1-37.
  • Olsen, S.R., 1954. Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction with Sodium Bicarbonate. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington DC.
  • Parolly, G., 2004. The high mountain vegetation of Turkey-A state of the art report, including a first annotated conspectus of the major syntaxa. Turkish Journal of Botany 28: 39-63.
  • Pignatti, S., Oberdorfer, E., Schaminée, J., Westhoff, V., 1995. On the concept of vegetation class in phytosociology. Journal of Vegetation Science 6(1): 143-152, doi:10.2307/3236265.
  • Quézel, P., Barbero, M., Akman, Y. 1980. Contribution A l'etude De La Vegetation Forestiere D'anatolie Septentrionale. Phytocoenologia 8(3/4): 365-519.
  • Raunkiaer, C. 1934. Life Forms of Plants and Statistical Plant Geography, Clarendon, Oxford.
  • Redzic, S. 1999. The Syntaxonomical Differentiation of the Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. & R. Tx. 1943 ex Klika & Hadac 1944 in the Balkans. Annali di Botanica 57: 167-180, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4462/annbotrm-9056.
  • Şanda, M.A., Küçüködük, M. 2000. Hadim (Konya), Ermenek ve Bucakkışla (Karaman) bölgesinin orman ve çalı vejetasyonu. Selçuk Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 8: 73-95.
  • Tichý, L. 2002. JUICE, software for vegetation classification. Journal of Vegetation Science 13: 451-453, doi: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02069.x.
  • Türe, C., Tokur, S., Ketenoğlu, O. 2005. Contributions to the syntaxonomy and ecology of the forest and shrub vegetation in Bithynia, Northwestern Anatolia. Turkey. Phyton 45(1): 81-115.
  • Tüzüner, A. 1990. Toprak ve Su Analiz Laboratuarları El Kitabı. Mülga KHGM Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Uğurlu, E., Roleček, J., Bergmeier, E. 2012. Oak woodland vegetation of Turkey–a first overview based on multivariate statistics. Applied Vegetation Science 15(4): 590-608, doi: 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2012.01192.x.
  • Vural, M., Duman, H., Adıgüzel, N., Kol, Ü. 1995. Göreme Milli Parkı’nin (Nevşehir) vejetasyonu. Turkish Journal of Botany 19(3): 389-400.
  • Walkley, A., Black, I.A. 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science 37(1): 29-38 doi: 10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003.
  • Walter, H. 1956. Das problem der Zentralanatolischen steppe. Naturwissenschaften 43(5): 97-102, doi:10.1007/BF00600866.
  • Weber, H.E., Moravec, J., Theurillat, J.P. 2000. International code of phytosociological nomenclature. 3rd edition. Journal of Vegetation Science 11: 739-768.
  • Woldring, H., Bottema, S. 2003. The vegetation history of East-Central Anatolia in relation to archaeology: The Eski Acıgöl pollen evidence compared with the Near Eastern environment. Palaeohistoria 43(44): 1-134.
  • Yunusbaev, U., Musina, L., Suyundukov, Y.T. 2003. Dynamics of steppe vegetation under the effect of grazing by different farm animals. Russian Journal of Ecology 34: 43-47, doi:10.1023/A:1021815005312
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi (Research Article)
Yazarlar

Nihal Kenar Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 67 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kenar, N. (2017). Phytosociological investigations of steppe and steppe forest vegetation in the south-east part of Central Anatolia of Turkey. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 67(2), 210-226. https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.322422
AMA Kenar N. Phytosociological investigations of steppe and steppe forest vegetation in the south-east part of Central Anatolia of Turkey. J FAC FOR ISTANBUL U. Temmuz 2017;67(2):210-226. doi:10.17099/jffiu.322422
Chicago Kenar, Nihal. “Phytosociological Investigations of Steppe and Steppe Forest Vegetation in the South-East Part of Central Anatolia of Turkey”. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 67, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2017): 210-26. https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.322422.
EndNote Kenar N (01 Temmuz 2017) Phytosociological investigations of steppe and steppe forest vegetation in the south-east part of Central Anatolia of Turkey. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 67 2 210–226.
IEEE N. Kenar, “Phytosociological investigations of steppe and steppe forest vegetation in the south-east part of Central Anatolia of Turkey”, J FAC FOR ISTANBUL U, c. 67, sy. 2, ss. 210–226, 2017, doi: 10.17099/jffiu.322422.
ISNAD Kenar, Nihal. “Phytosociological Investigations of Steppe and Steppe Forest Vegetation in the South-East Part of Central Anatolia of Turkey”. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 67/2 (Temmuz 2017), 210-226. https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.322422.
JAMA Kenar N. Phytosociological investigations of steppe and steppe forest vegetation in the south-east part of Central Anatolia of Turkey. J FAC FOR ISTANBUL U. 2017;67:210–226.
MLA Kenar, Nihal. “Phytosociological Investigations of Steppe and Steppe Forest Vegetation in the South-East Part of Central Anatolia of Turkey”. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, c. 67, sy. 2, 2017, ss. 210-26, doi:10.17099/jffiu.322422.
Vancouver Kenar N. Phytosociological investigations of steppe and steppe forest vegetation in the south-east part of Central Anatolia of Turkey. J FAC FOR ISTANBUL U. 2017;67(2):210-26.
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