Beslenme ve fiziksel aktivitenin bağırsak mikrobiyotası ile ilişkisi

Öz

Beslenme biçimi ve fiziksel aktiviteler bağırsak mikrobiyotasının çeşitliliği ve bileşimi üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerdir. İnsan sağlığı; bağırsak mikrobiyotası, fiziksel aktivite ve beslenme arasındaki dengeli ilişki ile yakından ilgilidir. Yüksek karbonhidratlı diyetler, yüksek proteinli diyetler, yüksek yağlı diyetler, vejetaryen/vegan beslenme, glutensiz beslenme ve akdeniz tipi beslenme gibi farklı beslenme biçimleri ile beslenen bireylerde bağırsak mikrobiyotası bileşiminin de değişiklik gösterdiği bildirilmiştir. Tüketilen besin çeşidine göre bağırsaklara ulaşan karbonhidrat, protein, yağ, fitokimyasal ve vitamin gibi diyet bileşenlerinin bağırsak mikrobiyotası dengesini olumlu veya olumsuz etkileme potansiyeli mevcuttur. Dengeli bir bağırsak mikrobiyotasının besinlerin sindirimi ve emiliminin yanı sıra egzersiz perfomansını desteklediği ve böylece metabolik aktivitelere katkı sağladığı bildirilir. Ancak tıpkı beslenme biçiminde olduğu gibi egzersizin yoğunluğu ve türüne göre bağırsak mikrobiyotasının bileşimi değişebilir. Ilımlı bir fiziksel aktivitenin, bağırsak mikrobiyotasında olumlu yönde değişikliklere neden olurken, uzun ve yorucu aktivitelerin ise ba

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bağırsak Mikrobiyotası
• Beslenme
• Fiziksel Aktivite
• Sağlık

Relationship of nutrition and physical activity with gut microbiota

Abstract

Diet and physical activities are factors that affect the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota. Human health is closely related to the balanced relationship between gut microbiota, physical activity and nutrition. It has been reported that the composition of the intestinal microbiota also varies in individuals fed with different diets such as high-carbohydrate diets, high-protein diets, high-fat diets, vegetarian/vegan diet, gluten-free diet and mediterranean diet. Depending on the type of food consumed, dietary components such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, phytochemicals and vitamins have the potential to affect the intestinal microbiota balance positively or negatively. It is reported that a balanced gut microbiota supports the digestion and absorption of nutrients as well as exercise performance and thus contributes to metabolic activities. However, just as with the diet, the composition of the intestinal microbiota can change depending on the intensity and type of exercise. It has been reported that moderate physical activity causes positive changes in the intestinal microbiota, while long and strenuous activities have negative effects on the intestinal microbiota.

Keywords

• Gut Microbiota
• Nutrition
• Physical Activity
• Health

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