Farklı düzeyde kardiyovasküler hastalık risklere sahip sağlıklı bireylerin sosyodemografik özellikler, beslenme alışkanlıkları ve besin ögesi alımı bakımından incelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, farklı kardiyovasküler hastalık (KVH) risklere sahip sağlıklı bireylerin sosyodemografik özelliklerini, beslenme alışkanlıkları ve besin alımlarının yeterliliğini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Aterosklerotik Kardiyovasküler Hastalık (ASCVD) ve Sistemik Koroner Risk Değerlendirmesi (SCORE) sistemleri kullanılarak KVH riski belirlenmiş olup besin ögesi gereksinimlerinin karşılanma düzeyi ise besin tüketim kaydı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Kadınların ve daha yüksek eğitim ve gelir düzeyine sahip bireylerin SCORE ve ASCVD skorları daha düşük bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Şekerli besinleri/tatlıları sık tüketmeyenler ASCVD ve SCORE sınıflamasında daha düşük KVH riski sınıfında daha fazla dağılım göstermiştir (p<0,05). Düşük risk grubunda olanların yüksek risk grubunda olanlara göre daha sık zeytinyağı kullandığı saptanmış (p<0,05) olup yağlı besinler ve kızartmaları sık tüketmeyen bireylerin, sık tüketenlere kıyasla düşük ila orta risk sınıfta daha fazla dağılım gösterdiği görülmüştür (p<0,05). SCORE sınıflaması yüksek olan bireylerin düşük ve orta düzeydekilere kıyasla karbonhidrat, sodyum, demir, fosfor, folat ve B12 vitamini gereksinimlerini karşılama oranlarının daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). ASCVD yüksek sınıfında yer alanların düşük sınıfta yer alanlara kıyasla demir ve karbonhidrat gereksinimlerini karşılama yüzdesinin daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak erkek cinsiyetinde olan, düşük eğitim seviyesi ve sosyoekonomik düzeye sahip olan, daha sık şekerli ve yağlı besinleri tüketen ve daha az zeytinyağı tüketen bireylerin daha yüksek KVH riskine sahip olduğu bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kardiyovasküler hastalık riski
• Beslenme alışkanlıkları
• Besin ögesi alımı
• Sosyodemografik özellikler

Examination of healthy individuals with different levels of cardiovascular disease risks in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional habits and nutrient intake

Abstract

This study aims to examine the sociodemographic characteristics, dietary habits, and adequacy of nutritional intake among healthy individuals with varying cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. CVD risk was determined using the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) and Systemic Coronary Risk Assessment (SCORE) systems, and the extent of nutrient intake was assessed using food consumption records. SCORE and ASCVD scores were lower among women and among individuals with higher levels of education and income (p < 0.05). Those who did not frequently consume sugary foods or desserts were more evenly distributed across the lower CVD risk categories in the ASCVD and SCORE classifications (p<0.05). Individuals in the low-risk group used olive oil more often than those in the high-risk group (p<0.05), and those who did not frequently consume fatty or fried foods were more often in the low-to-medium risk categories than those who did (p<0.05). It was observed that individuals classified as high on the SCORE had higher rates of meeting requirements for carbohydrates, sodium, iron, phosphorus, folate, and vitamin B12 than those classified as low or medium (p<0.05). Furthermore, individuals in the high ASCVD class had higher rates of meeting iron and carbohydrate requirements than those in the low ASCVD class (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it was found that males, individuals with lower education levels and socioeconomic status, those consuming sugary and fatty foods more frequently, and those using less olive oil had higher CVD risk.

Keywords

• Cardiovascular disease risk
• Nutritional habits
• Nutrient intake
• Sociodemographic characteristics

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