A study on the attitudes and awareness of gifted and typically developing children toward sports

Abstract

This study aims to examine the attitudes and awareness of gifted and typically developing children towards sports. The general survey method was used in the research. A total of 203 students at the Science and Arts Center, Türk Telekom Primary School, Türk Telekom Middle School and Vocational Anatolian High School affiliated voluntarily participated in the research. The Attitude Scale Towards Sports and the Sports Awareness Scale were utilized in the research as a data collection tool. Non-parametric Mann Whitney U, Kruskall Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests were used to analyze the data. When the participants' attitudes and awareness of sports were assessed, a significant difference was discovered in the doing active sports sub-dimension of the attitude scale toward sports of the students who exhibited typical development compared to the gifted students. However, there was no significant difference according to the gender variable. Still, there was a significant difference in the sub-dimensions of interest in sports, sports knowledge and distinguishing the knowledge, and social and individual benefits in the class variable. According to the variable of regular exercise, a significant difference was found in all sub-dimensions. There was a significant difference in the sub-dimensions of being interested in sports and doing active sports based on the variable of going to the gym. A relationship was discovered when the sub-dimensions of attitude and awareness were studied concerning the age variable. As a result, it can be argued that the attitudes and awareness of the participants towards sports differ in terms of variables, but the attitudes of the typically developing students towards active sports are higher. Accordingly, it is recommended to conduct studies on sportive practices in order to increase the attitudes of gifted students towards active sports.

Keywords

• typically developing individual
• awareness
• giftedness
• Sport
• attitude

References

1. Abate, M., Pallonetto, L. & Palumbo, C. (2020). The effectiveness of motor activity on psychomotor development in school-aged children. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise.15(2),222-231. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/106909
2. Altun, F. & Yazıcı, H. (2014). Perfectionism, school motivation, learning styles and academic achievement of gifted and non-gifted students. Croatian Journal of Education, 16(4), 1031-1054. https://doi.org/10.15516/cje.v16i4.559
3. Anderson, L. W. (1988). Attitudes and their measurement. In J. P. Keeves (Ed.), Educational research, methodology, and measurement: an international handbook (2nd ed.). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
4. Ashutosh, A., Nrusingha, P., & Anshuman, M. (2016). Students sports activity preference and their attitudes toward physical education. International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research, 3(3), 328-332.f
5. Biçer, Ş. (2021). Investigation of high school students' attitudes towards physical education and sports lessons.(Unpublished master thesis). Bursa Uludag University Institute of Education Sciences. http://hdl.handle.net/11452/22230
6. Bindesen, Z.V. & Bindesen, M. A. (2020). People, Sports and philfosophy (an introduction to the philosophy of sport). Atatürk University Journal of Physical Education And Sport Sciences.22(4),1-10. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ataunibesyo/issue/59137/826938
7. Bostancı, Ö., Oda, B., Şebin, K. & Erail, S.(2017). Investigation of the level of aggression and optimism the students aged 11-13 who do sports or not. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences.19(4), 205-217. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunibesyo/issue/33246/373878
8. Canakay, E. U. (2006). Developing an attitude scale for the music theory course. National Music Education Symposium Statement. http://www.muzikegitimcileri.net/bilimsel/bildiri/pamukkale/E-Canakay.pdf

9. Cengiz, Ö., Kılıç, M. A., & Soylu, Y. (2018). Investigation of the attitudes of secondary school students on physical education. Journal of Social Sciences Academy, 1(2), 141-149. https://doi.org/10.38004/sobad.480851
10. Demir, M. & K. Filiz(2004). Effects of sport exercises on human organism. Journal of Gazi University Kırşehir Education Faculty, 5(2),109-114. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kefad/issue/57226/808287
11. Dolenc, P. (2015). Anxiety, self-esteem and coping with stress in secondary school students in relation to involvement in organized sports. Slovenian Journal of Public Health, 54(3), 222-229. https://doi.org/10.1515/sjph-2015-0031
12. Dökmen, Ü.(2002). Who will stay tomorrow? being, developing, reconciliation in the process of harmonization with the Universe (6nd ed.). Personal Development Series System Publishing. Publication.
13. Dunn, W. (2009). Invited commentary on “Sensory sensitivities of gifted children”. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 63(3), 296-300. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.63.3.296
14. Ergül, M. A., Tınaz, C. & Ertaç, M. (2016). The analysis of the factors influencing sport awareness level of secondary education students: Case of Tennis. Journal of Sport Sciences, 27(2): 69-83. https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.255155
15. Göksel, A. G. & Caz, Ç. (2016). Examining of physical education course attitudes of Anatolian High school students. Marmara University Journal of Sport Sciences, 1(1),1-9. https://doi.org/10.22396/sbd.2016.0
16. Göktaş, N. & Şentürk, H. (2019). The relationship between attitudes toward sports and school climate senses of the students who study at sports high school. Spormetre Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences 17(3),78-92. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.580852
17. Gross, M. U. (1999). From “the saddest sound” to the D Major chord: The gift of accelerated progression. Retrieved July, 1, 2006. Biennial Australian international conference on the education of gifted students. Melbourne, Australia. Retrieved from http://www.hoagiesgifted.org/d_major_chord.htm
18. Hassandra, M., Goudas., M. & Chroni, S. (2003). Examining factors associated with intrinsic motivation in physical education: a qualitative approach. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 4(3), 211-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(02)00006-7
19. Hazar, G., Hamdi ,P.& Hazar, Z.(2021).The investigation of the factors affecting the attitudes of secondary students on physical education. Düzce University Journal of Sport Sciences, 1(1),33-40. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/dujoss/issue/67645/1035943
20. Hutton, D. G. & Baumeister, R. F. (1992). Self-Awareness and attitude change: seeing oneself on the central route to persuasion. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,18(1), 68–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167292181010
21. İlhan, L., Esentürk, O.K. & Yarımkaya, E. (2019). Specıal for mental disabled awareness of physical education and sport and attitude perspective. Sport in all aspects. Gazi University Sports Science Faculty, 229-250. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348192417_Zihinsel_Yetersizligi_Olan_Bireylerde_Ozel_Beden_Egitimi_ve_Sporun_Farkindalik_ve_Tutum_Perspektifi
22. Jose, K. A., Blızzard, L., Dwyer, T., Mckercher, C. & Venn, A. J. (2011). Childhood and adolescent predictors of leisure activity during the transition from adolescence to adulthood: a population based cohort study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-54
23. Kabat-Zinn, J. (2019). Awareness for beginner. Pegasus Publications.
24. Kalfa, M. (2019). Attitudes of students toward sport in the faculty of dentistry. Journal of Education and Sports Sciences,17(1),165-181. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.467670
25. Kangalgil, M., Hünük, D. & Demirhan, G. (2006). Comparison of elementary school, high school and university students’ attitudes toward physical education and sport. Journal of Sport Sciences, 17(2),48-57. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/sbd/issue/16401/171457
26. Kara, N. (2020). Interpersonal for special talent students program model to support communication skills (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Sakarya University Institute of Sport Sciences. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12619/77217
27. Li, W. C. (2010). Lifestyle sports in the sociology context: A subcultural leisure sports.[w:] zheng gh (red.). In Proceedings of The 21st Pan-Asian Congress of Sports and Physical Education.
28. Narvaez, W. C. M. & Plaza, A. D. J. (2017). Sports activity, its impact on academic performance. Revısta Publıcando, 4(10), 542-549. Mıller, S. M. & Sıegel J.T., (2017). Youth sports and physical activity: the relationship between perceptions of childhood sport experience and adult exercise behavior. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, (33), 85-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.08.009
29. Milne, H. J., & Reis, S. M. (2000). Using videotherapy to address the social and emotional needs of gifted children. Gifted Child Today, 23(1), 24-29. https://doi.org/10.4219/gct-2000-715
30. Ministry of National Education (2018). Special Education Services Regulation. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2018/07/20180707-8.htm (Access Date: 23 February 2022).
31. Morgan, C. T. (1991). Introduction to Psychology. (8th ed.). Ankara: Hacettepe University Department of Psychology Publications. Nikravan, M., & Zarei, A. (2019). Physical education method: Effects on physical fitness and competency of the students. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 7(4), 17-26. ‎ 10.29252/aassjournal.698
32. Oliveira, A., Monteiro, Â., Jácome, C., Afreixo, V., & Marques, A. (2017). Effects of group sports on health‐related physical fitness of overweight youth: A systematic review and Meta‐Analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 27(6), 604-611. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12784
33. Orhan, R. (2017). Investigation of the distribution of secondary school students in Turkey on open and indoor sports fields on the schools. İnternational Journal of Cultural and Social Studies, 3(2), 155-163. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/intjcss/issue/33182/369357 Önal, L., Yılmaz, H. H., Kaldırımcı, M. & Ağduman, F. (2017). Investigation of the relationship between the attitudes to the sport and their quality of life in Atatürk Unıversity students. Muş Alparslan University International Journal of Sport Sciences, 1(1), 26-34. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/mauusbid/issue/33478/364199
34. Öngül, E., Beyazıt, B., Yılmaz, O. & Güler, M. (2017). The effect on the selected motoric characteristics of children in the game and physical activities lesson. Journal of Sport Sciences Research,2(1),45-52. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.309716
35. Özbey, A. & Sarıçam, H. (2018). Compassionate love, social safeness and pleasure in gifted students and normal students. Academy Journal of Social Sciences,6(16),142-152. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/asbider/issue/42615/513717
36. Özer, D.S. (2017). Physical education and sport for the disabled (5nd ed.). Nobel Academic Publishing.
37. Phıllıps, S. L. (2003). Contributing factors to music attitude in sixth, seventh and eighth grade students (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). The University of lowa. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/contributing-factors-music-attitude-sixth-seventh/docview/305335804/se-2?accountid=86207
38. Piechowski, M. M. (2009). The inner world of the young and bright. Ambrose, D. & Cross, T. L. (Eds.) Morality, Ethics and Gifted Minds (177-194). Springer, Boston, MA. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89368-6_14
39. Rinn, A. N., Mullet, D. R., Jett, N., & Nyikos, T. (2018). Sensory processing sensitivity among high-ability individuals: A psychometric evaluation of the highly sensitive person scale. Roeper Review, 40(3), 166-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/02783193.2018.1466840
40. Salome, L. (2010). Constructing authenticity in contemporary consumer culture: The case of lifestyle sports. European Journal for Sport and Society, 7(1), 69-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2010.11687846
41. Schmitz, C. C. & Galbraith, J. (1985). Managing The social and emotional needs of the gifted. A Teacher's Survival Guide. Free Spirit Pub . Shajie, K., Raoof, M., Nayerabadi, M., & Houshyar, K. (2014). Effect of parental attitude toward physical activity on sport participation of their children in school. Advances in Environmental Biology, 2211-2216. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A385069467/AONE?u=anon~a9b5a6bb&sid=googleScholar&xid=1cb65c58
42. Ulukan, M., Şahan, H., Akpınar, S., & Akpınar, Ö. (2008). The Role of Communication Technology in the relation of sports and media Niğde University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences 2(2),155-164. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bsd/issue/53622/715198 Şahin, M. (2007). Determination of priority sports branches in karaman province and investigation of the reasons affecting the selection of branches and evaluation in terms of the spread of mass sports (Unpublished master thesis). Dumlupınar University, Institute of Social Sciences.
43. Şentürk, H. E. (2015). Sport-oriented attitude scale: Development, validity and reliability. CBU Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 7(2), 8-18. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/cbubesbd/issue/32237/357821 ,
44. Taşdemir, N., Bayram, M. & Şam, C. T. (2021). A study of students’ attıtude towards physical training and sports lesson in terms of several variables (Examples from Hamur, Ağrı). Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 23(4), 131-146. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ataunibesyo/issue/67477/1015485
45. Taşğın, Ö. & Tekin, M. (2009). Determınatıon of opinions and attitudes of students who follow elementary and middle level educatıon against the courses of physical education and sport for different variables. Kastamonu Journal of Education, 17(2), 457-466. https://hdl.handle.net/11492/1479
46. Turhan, F. H., İnce, U., Aydoğmuş, M. & Yalçın, İ. (2021). Attitude of students of sports management department to sports. İnönü University, Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 8(2),19-32. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/inubesyo/issue/65509/960863
47. Uyar, Y. & Sunay, H. (2020). Development of sports awareness scale: Validity and reliability study. Spormetre Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 18(1), 46-58. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.672441
48. Vorkapic-Ferreira, C., Gois, R. S., Gomes, L. P., Britto, A., Afranio, B., & Dantas, E. H. M. (2017). Born to Run: the importance of exercise for the brain health. Revista Brasileira De Medicina Do Esporte, 23(6), 495-503. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220172306175209 Yalçın, U. & Balcı, V. (2013). Examınatıon of the changes in primary school students’ academic success, physical and social behaviors following their attendance to sport activities. Spormetre Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences,11(1),27-33. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000235
49. Yapıcı, E.C. (2021). Examining the attitudes of the secondary school students in the z generation towards sports in their spare time. (Unpublished master thesis). Marmara University Faculty of Sport Sciences. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/z-kuşağında-yer-alan-ortaokul-öğrencilerinin-boş/docview/2628331917/se-2?accountid=86207
50. Yıldırım, M., Araç Ilgar, E. & Uslu, S. (2018). Examination of high school students' attitudes towards sports. Electronic Turkish studies. 13(27), 1712-1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.14662
51. Yılmaz, A., Kırımoğlu, H., & Yamanyurt, M. (2019). Examining the educational game management selfsuffıciency levels of the physical education and sports teachers and primary school teachers in terms of certain variables (Van Province Example). Turkish Studies. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/TurkishStudies.39633
52. Zengin, S. (2013).The children and youth service centers children 12-18 years old male attitude of physical education and sports course levels and analysis self-esteem (Unpublished master thesis). Sakarya University Institute of Educational Sciences. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12619/74741