Unpacking intensities: An exploratory study of parents’ perspectives of overexcitabilities in highly to profoundly gifted children

Keri Guılbault; Gregory Eckert; Vanessa Wood

doi:10.5281/zenodo.17624300

Unpacking intensities: An exploratory study of parents’ perspectives of overexcitabilities in highly to profoundly gifted children

Abstract

This qualitative exploratory study examined parents’ observations of the prevalence of Dąbrowski’s overexcitabilities (e.g., intellectual, imaginational, emotional, psychomotor, and sensual) among young highly to profoundly gifted (HG/PG) children (IQ ≥ 145). The study also explored parents' perspectives on how these characteristics were expressed in their children’s behavior and development. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of 14 HG/PG children, supplemented by ElemenOE questionnaire data. Findings revealed that these children exhibited heightened intensities across multiple domains, with half displaying profiles with all five overexcitabilities (OEs) in the “high” range and all but one child exhibiting three or more high OEs. Intellectual, emotional, and psychomotor OEs were the most prevalent. Parents most frequently described intense focus and persistence, advanced reasoning, imaginative play, strong empathy, high energy, and heightened sensory awareness. Several reported early indicators of precocity, such as advanced language, early reading, or complex problem-solving by preschool age, along with social-emotional characteristics including existential questioning, sleep disturbances, and emotional intensity. Qualitative themes illustrated the interconnected nature of overexcitabilities and their influence on development, revealing that heightened sensitivities often coexisted with frustration, perfectionism, and a profound sense of fairness. Parents also described challenges distinguishing gifted traits from possible neurodevelopmental conditions, noting frequent confusion with ADHD or autism-spectrum characteristics. Findings support the utility of the ElemenOE as a parent-report tool and underscore the importance of early recognition of multiple high overexcitabilities. Understanding these characteristics can inform appropriate educational interventions, counseling strategies, and parenting approaches that address the asynchronous development of HG/PG children. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on the early characteristics of highly and profoundly gifted children, informing educational practices, parenting approaches, and support strategies tailored to this exceptional population. Recommendations are shared for educators, counselors, and parents.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Johns Hopkins University

Ethical Statement

Research approval was granted by the Johns Hopkins University School of Education’s Institutional Review Board (IRB), and we adhered to ethical standards: (1) engaging in research best practices, (2) ensuring that there was no harm to participants, (3) maintaining informed consent, and (4) ensuring privacy and confidentiality.

Thanks

We would like to thank all the parents who participated in this study. Their voices will help practitioners and researchers better understand the social and emotional development and traits of this population. This research was made possible in part by generous funding from the William and Sylvia Cohen Early Childhood Education Fund, a Johns Hopkins School of Education endowment. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of the Cohen Family. There are no conflicts of interest to disclose.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Special Talented Education

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Keri Guılbault ^*
0000-0002-9563-633X
United States

Gregory Eckert This is me
0000-0002-7759-9272
United States

Vanessa Wood This is me
0000-0002-5908-3483
United States

Early Pub Date

November 16, 2025

Publication Date

December 26, 2025

Submission Date

September 23, 2025

Acceptance Date

November 16, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 12 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17624300

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA26MB64EL

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Guılbault, K., Eckert, G., & Wood, V. (2025). Unpacking intensities: An exploratory study of parents’ perspectives of overexcitabilities in highly to profoundly gifted children. Journal of Gifted Education and Creativity, 12(2), 221-244. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17624300

AMA

1.Guılbault K, Eckert G, Wood V. Unpacking intensities: An exploratory study of parents’ perspectives of overexcitabilities in highly to profoundly gifted children. JGEDC. 2025;12(2):221-244. doi:10.5281/zenodo.17624300

Chicago

Guılbault, Keri, Gregory Eckert, and Vanessa Wood. 2025. “Unpacking Intensities: An Exploratory Study of Parents’ Perspectives of Overexcitabilities in Highly to Profoundly Gifted Children”. Journal of Gifted Education and Creativity 12 (2): 221-44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17624300.

EndNote

Guılbault K, Eckert G, Wood V (December 1, 2025) Unpacking intensities: An exploratory study of parents’ perspectives of overexcitabilities in highly to profoundly gifted children. Journal of Gifted Education and Creativity 12 2 221–244.

IEEE

[1]K. Guılbault, G. Eckert, and V. Wood, “Unpacking intensities: An exploratory study of parents’ perspectives of overexcitabilities in highly to profoundly gifted children”, JGEDC, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 221–244, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17624300.

ISNAD

Guılbault, Keri - Eckert, Gregory - Wood, Vanessa. “Unpacking Intensities: An Exploratory Study of Parents’ Perspectives of Overexcitabilities in Highly to Profoundly Gifted Children”. Journal of Gifted Education and Creativity 12/2 (December 1, 2025): 221-244. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17624300.

JAMA

1.Guılbault K, Eckert G, Wood V. Unpacking intensities: An exploratory study of parents’ perspectives of overexcitabilities in highly to profoundly gifted children. JGEDC. 2025;12:221–244.

MLA

Guılbault, Keri, et al. “Unpacking Intensities: An Exploratory Study of Parents’ Perspectives of Overexcitabilities in Highly to Profoundly Gifted Children”. Journal of Gifted Education and Creativity, vol. 12, no. 2, Dec. 2025, pp. 221-44, doi:10.5281/zenodo.17624300.

Vancouver

1.Keri Guılbault, Gregory Eckert, Vanessa Wood. Unpacking intensities: An exploratory study of parents’ perspectives of overexcitabilities in highly to profoundly gifted children. JGEDC. 2025 Dec. 1;12(2):221-44. doi:10.5281/zenodo.17624300