İrisin ve Metabolik Hastalıklar İlişkisinin Yaşam Döngüsünde İncelenmesi

Öz

İrisin ilk kez 2012 yılında egzersizle uyarılan bir miyokin olarak tanımlanmıştır. Tip I membran protein olan fibronektin tip III domain 5 (FNDC5)‘in proteolitik ürünüdür. İskelet kasının diğer dokular ile iletişimi miyokinler olarak bilinen hormonların salınımı ile sağlanmaktadır. Egzersizin olumlu etkilerinin miyokinlerden sağlandığı öne sürülmüştür. İrisin akut egzersize cevap olarak salgılanır, beyaz yağ dokusunun kahverengileşmesini sağlayarak termojenez yoluyla enerji harcamasını artırır. İrisinin termojenik etkisinin bazı metabolik hastalıklarda ve egzersizle iyileşme sağlanan bozukluklarda terapötik rolü olabileceği görülmüştür. İrisin ve obezite ilişkisinin araştırıldığı çalışmalara göre BKİ ve irisin düzeyleri pozitif korelasyon görülmüştür. Tip 1 diyabete sahip bireylerde irisin seviyesi yüksek seyrederken Tip 2 diyabete ve gestasyonel diyabete sahip bireylerde düşük bulunmuştur. Kardiyovasküler hastalıklarda miyokardiyumdan daha az irisin salgılanmaktadır. Metabolik sendromu olan bireylerde de irisinde yükselmeye yönelim fazladır. Özellikle yaşlılarda kas kütlesi kaybını önlemede ve osteoporoz kırıkları açısından irisin olumlu etki göstermektedir. Alkolik olmayan yağlı karaciğer hastalığında ise hastalığın şiddetlenmesiyle irisin düzeylerinin azaldığı görülmüştür. Hem yetişkin hem de çocuklarda egzersiz ve yaşam tarzı değişikliği uygulamalarının irisin düzeylerine etkisine ilişkin çalışma sonuçları çelişkilidir. Bu derlemede irisinin obezite, diyabet, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, metabolik sendrom, metabolik kemik hastalıkları, alkolik olmayan karaciğer yağlanması ile ilişkisi farklı yaş grupları üzerinde araştırılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• obezite
• irisin
• FNDC5 proteini
• metabolizma

Investigation of the Relationship of Irisin and Metabolic Diseases in Life Cycle

Abstract

Irisin was first described in 2012 as an exercise-induced myokine. It is the proteolytic product of the type I membrane protein fibronectin type III domain 5 (FNDC5). The communication of skeletal muscle with other tissues is provided by the release of hormones known as myokines. It has been suggested that the positive effects of exercise are derived from myokines. Irisin is secreted in response to acute exercise, it causes browning of white adipose tissue and increasing energy expenditure through thermogenesis. It has been stated that the thermogenic effect of irisin may have a therapeutic role in some metabolic diseases and disorders that are improved by exercise. According to studies investigating the relationship between irisin and obesity, a positive correlation was observed between BMI and irisin levels. While irisin level was high in individuals with Type 1 diabetes, it was found to be low in individuals with Type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. Less irisin is secreted from the myocardium in cardiovascular diseases. In addition, individuals with metabolic syndrome have a higher tendency to increase their irisin levels. Irisin has a positive effect on preventing muscle mass loss and osteoporosis fractures especially in the elderly. Besides, in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, irisin levels were found to decrease with the exacerbation of the disease. Results of the studies concerning the effects of exercise and lifestyle changes on irisin levels in both adults and children are contradictory. In this review, the relationship of irisin with obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, metabolic bone diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver was investigated on different age groups.

Keywords

• obesity
• irisin
• FNDC5 protein
• metabolism

Kaynakça

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