Evaluation of Nursing Students’ Attitudes Towards Organ Transplantation/Donation: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Aim: In the context of the community, health professionals represent one of the most influential groups in terms of generating opinions. The objective of this scoping review is to provide an overview of the studies examining nursing students' attitudes towards organ transplantation/donation and to identify gaps in the literature to guide future studies. Method: In total 1645 studies published in ‘Medline’, ‘PubMed’, ‘Science Direct’, ‘Scopus’ and ‘Google Scholar’ databases between 2018 and 2023 were analysed. Eighteen studies were included in this study. This study followed the PRISMA guidelines. Results: It was determined that 71.7% to 88.9% of nursing students exhibited a favorable attitude toward organ transplantation and donation. Additionally, 70% to 42.1% of the students demonstrated knowledge about organ donation and attitudes related to it. Furthermore, it was discovered that the majority of students lacked a donor card. The two most important elements affecting students' opinions about organ donation and transplantation were found to be "religious beliefs" and "disruption of body integrity." Conclusions: Despite the generally positive attitudes of nursing students towards organ transplantation and donation, there are a number of existing educational deficiencies that require attention. Through educational activities and continuous information, negative attitudes and opinions that create barriers to organ transplantation in the minds of students will be eliminated. In this way, the increasing positive attitudes and awareness of the students will be reflected in their environment and society, and negative opinions and misinformation on the subject will be eliminated.

Keywords

• attitude
• nursing
• nursing students
• organ donation
• transplantation

Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Organ Nakli/Bağışına Yönelik Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Bir Kapsam Derlemesi

Öz

Amaç: Sağlık profesyonelleri toplumda görüş oluşturma açısından en etkili gruplardan birini temsil etmektedir. Bu kapsam derlemesinin amacı, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin organ nakli/bağışına yönelik tutumlarını inceleyen çalışmalara genel bir bakış sağlamak ve gelecekteki çalışmalara rehberlik etmek için literatürdeki boşlukları belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2018-2023 yılları arasında 'Medline', 'PubMed', 'Science Direct', 'Scopus' ve 'Google Scholar' veri tabanlarında yayınlanan toplam 1645 çalışma analiz edildi. Bu çalışmaya on sekiz çalışma dahil edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada PRISMA kılavuzuna uyulmuştur. Bulgular: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin %71,7-%88,9'unun organ nakli ve bağışına yönelik olumlu tutum sergilediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin %70 ile %42.1'inin organ bağışı hakkında bilgi sahibi olduğu ve organ bağışı ile ilgili tutum sergilediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin çoğunluğunun donör kartına sahip olmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Öğrencilerin organ bağışı ve nakli hakkındaki görüşlerini etkileyen en önemli iki unsurun “dini inançlar” ve “vücut bütünlüğünün bozulması” olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin organ nakli ve bağışına yönelik genel olarak olumlu tutumlarına rağmen, dikkat edilmesi gereken bir dizi mevcut eğitim eksikliği vardır. Eğitim faaliyetleri ve sürekli bilgilendirme ile öğrencilerin zihninde organ nakline engel oluşturan olumsuz tutum ve görüşler ortadan kaldırılacaktır. Bu sayede öğrencilerin artan olumlu tutumları ve farkındalıkları çevrelerine ve topluma yansıyacak, konuyla ilgili olumsuz görüşler ve yanlış bilgiler de ortadan kalkacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• hemşirelik
• hemşirelik öğrencileri
• nakil
• organ bağışı
• tutumlar

Kaynakça

1. Baysoy K. Challenges and needs of organ transplantation patients after discharge. Journal of Innovative Healthcare Practices. 2023;4(2):143-155. https://doi.org/10.58770/joinihp.1272665
2. Efil S, Parlak E, Turen S. Determination of organ donation attitudes of intensive care nurses. Akdeniz Tip Dergisi. 2023;9(3):309-316. https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.1061100
3. Vanholder R, Domínguez-Gil B, Busic M, Cortez-Pinto H, Craig JC, Jager KJ, et al. Organ donation and transplantation: a multi-stakeholder call to action. Nature Reviews Nephrology. 2021;17(8):554-568. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-021-00425-3
4. Diniz G, Tugmen C, Sert İ. Organ transplantation in the Turkey and the World. The journal of Tepecik Education and Research Hospital. 2019;29(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.5222/terh.2019.40412
5. Bharambe VK, Arole VU, Puranam V, Kulkarni PP, Kulkarni PS. Knowledge and attitude toward organ donation among health-care professionals in a rural town in India. Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation. 2018;29:671-79. https://doi.org/10.4103/1319-2442.225209
6. Global Donation and Transplantation Observatory (GDTO). Summary http://www.transplant-observatory.org/summary/ . 2018. Accessed: 20.04.2024.
7. Lewis A, Koukoura A, Tsianos GI, Gargavanis AA, Nielsen AA, Vassiliadis E. Organ donation in the US and Europe: The supply vs demand imbalance. Transplantation Reviews. 2021;35(2):100585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trre.2020.100585
8. Sakalli GD, Dag GS. Organ transplantation and donation from the point of view of college students. Transplantation Proceedings. 2020;52(1):26-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.11.008

9. Allahverdi TD, Allahverdi E, Akkus Y. The knowledge of nursing students about organ donation and the effect of the relevant training on their knowledge. Transplantation Proceedings. 2020;52(10):2877-2882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.04.1815
10. Gobekli A, Guney R, Karakose Z. Thematic analysis of the organ transplantation news in Turkish press. Transplantation Proceedings. 2019;51(7):2154e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.01.170
11. Oyur Celik G, Dalfidan B. A phenomenological study determining students' opinions about organ donation. Suleyman Demirel University Journal of Health Sciences. 2022;13(2):228-239. https://doi.org/10.22312/sdusbed.1005407
12. Tekin YE, Abdullayev A. Determining nursing students' knowledge and attitudes on organ donation and transplantation. Journal of Countinuing Medical Education. 2023;32(4):262-271. https://doi.org/10.17942/sted.1113859
13. Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, Shekelle P, Stewart LA & PRISMA-P Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Systematic Reviews. 2015;4,1. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-4-1
14. Kulakci Altintas H. Determination of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of nursing students about organ transplantation and donation. Saglik Akademisi Kastamonu. 2018;3(3):210-227. https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.450362
15. Baral YN, Baral S, Paudel S, Yadav YK, Baral S. Knowledge and attitude of nursing students regarding organ donation in Pokhara, Nepal. Asian Journal of Medicine and Health. 2022;20(6):17-24. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJMAH/2022/v20i630467
16. Bas-Sarmiento P, Coronil-Espinosa S, Poza-Méndez M, Fernández-Gutiérrez M. Intervention programme to improve knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour of nursing students towards organ donation and transplantation: A randomised controlled trial. Nurse Education in Practice. 2023;68:103596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103596
17. Krucińska B, Pendraszewska M, Wyzgał J, Czyżewski Ł. Assessment of knowledge and attitudes toward transplantation among nursing students. Transplantation Proceedings. 2020;52(7):1991-1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.03.007
18. Guler N, Yılmaz P, Erturhan Turk K. Nursing students’ attitudes toward organ donation and affecting factors. HEAD. 2020;17:38-44. https://doi.org/10.5222/HEAD.2020.02223
19. Aydin Z, Oztekin DS. Health sciences faculty students’ attitudes towards organ transplantation and donation. Jaren. 2020;6(1):14-20. https://doi.org/10.5222/jaren.2019.38039
20. Sarigol Ordin Y, Bilik O, Soylemez BA, Kankaya EA, Celik B, Dugral E. Student attitudes towards organ donation: Nursing. Gumushane University Journal of Health Sciences. 2018;7(2):28-36. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1001493
21. Gezginci E, Goktas S, Sendir M. Relationship between self-compassion and attitudes towards organ donation of nursing students. Journal of Inonu University Health Services Vocational School. 2020;8(2):196-207. https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.718127
22. Limbu B, Basnet S, Silwal S. Knowledge and attitude of organ donation among nursing students of a college in Biratnagar. Europasian J Med Sci. 2019;1(1):28-34. https://doi.org/10.46405/ejms.v1i1.4
23. Polat HT, Turan GB, Mankan T. Investigation of knowledge and attitudes of nursing students about organ donation. Journal of General Health Sciences. 2020;2(1):24-33.
24. Eren D, Mermer G. Knowledge and attitudes of nursing students on organ donation and transplantation and effective factors. Saglik ve Toplum. 2021;31(2):139-150.
25. Cevheroglu S, Firat Kilic H. Do the compassion and spirituality levels of Turkish nursing students influence their attitudes toward organ donation? Journal of Religion and Health. 2023;62(2):1019-1031. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-022-01724-0
26. Dehghani S, Bahmanpour K, Nouri B, Valiee S. Effect of blended education on nursing students’ awareness and attitude towards organ donation: A solomon four-group study. Strides Dev Med Educ. 2018;15(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.5812/sdme.79938
27. Ordin YS, Soylemez BA. Effects of peer education on attitudes toward organ donation in nursing students. Transplantation Proceedings. 2018;50(10):2971e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.02.094
28. Yazici Sayin Y, Dagci M. Attitude, knowledge and donor card volunteering of nursing students regarding organ donation. Bezmialem Science. 2022;10(4):512-7.
29. Martínez-Alarcón L, Balaguer A, Santainés-Borredá E, Agras-Suarez MC, Cañadas-De la Fuente GA, Hurtado-Pardos B., et al. Nursing students faced with organ donation: Multicenter stratified national study. Nurse Education in Practice. 2022;63:103394. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NEPR.2022.103394
30. Azak N, Sen H. Factors affecting organ donation in humans: A research for OECD Countries. Ankara Haci Bayram Veli Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi Dergisi. 2019;21(3):535-547.
31. Kilicarslan M, Eris H. The Opinions of university students about organ and tissue donation. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences. 2019;18(70):838-851. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.469012
32. Akboga OS, Kus B. Undergraduate nursing students’ knowledge levels about brain death and their attitudes and behaviors about organ transplant and donation. University of Health Sciences Journal of Nursing. 2020;2(3):159-166. https://doi.org/10.48071/sbuhemsirelik.733637
33. Yigit G, Aygin D. Evaluation of knowledge and attitudes towards tissue organ donation: Karasu sample. Sakarya Universitesi Holistik Saglik Dergisi. 2020;3(1):76-87.
34. Dogan MD, Uzun I, Kaya N, Ekinci H, Altınkaynak M. The Knowledge and perspective of university students about organ donation. Saglik Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi. 2018;3(2):99-105. https://doi.org/10.17681/hsp-dergisi.265520
35. Guner YO, Cicerali EE. Psychological and Cultural Factors in Organ Donation. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches. 2021;17(38):5735-5763. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.848199
36. Tekizoglu FY. Organ donation: Psychological factors influencing the individual’s decision. Muhakeme Dergisi. 2018;1(1):21-35. https://doi.org/10.33817/muhakeme.413846
37. Yilmaz M, Demirag S. The Impact of the medical education on students’ knowledge, opinion and attitude to organ donation and transplantation. Ankara Medical Journal. 2019;19(2):316-24. https://doi.org/10.17098/amj.577001
38. Poreddi V, Katyayani BV, Gandhi S, Thimmaiah R, Badamath S. Attitudes, knowledge, and willingness to donate organs among Indian nursing students. Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation. 2016;27(6):1129-38.