Evidence-Based Practices for the Prevention of Pressure Ulcers

Öz

Pressure (decubitus) ulcers are injuries to skin and underlying

tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin and one

of the negative conditions that disrupt the quality of life of the

person. Ulcers most often develop on skin that covers bony areas

of the body. Diagnosis and prevention of pressure ulcers as risk

factors immobility, lack of sensory perception, poor nutrition

and hydration, medical conditions affecting blood flow is very

important.

Nurses must to be sensitive about skin care, nutrition, position

changing, training and maintain the care with evidence-based

about pressure ulcers. This review contains information on causes,

risk factors and prevention of pressure ulcers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Prevention,Pressure,Ulcer

Basınç Yaralarının Önlenmesinde Kanıt Temelli Uygulamalar

Öz

Basınç (dekübit) yaraları, cilt üzerinde uzun süreli basınçtan

kaynaklanan, bireyin yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkileyen, cilt ve

altındaki dokuda meydana gelen yaralanmalardır. Yaralar, en sık

vücuttaki kemik bölgelerini kaplayan cilt üzerinde gelişir. Basınç

yaralarının gelişiminde risk faktörleri olarak; hareketsizlik, duyusal

algısal eksiklik, yetersiz beslenme, yetersiz hidrasyon, kan akışını

bozan tıbbi durumlar olarak belirtilmekte, erken tanılanmasının

önemi vurgulanmaktadır.

Basınç yaralarına yönelik hemşirelerin, cilt bakımı, beslenme,

pozisyon değişimi, eğitim ve kanıt temelli bir bakım sürdürme

konusunda duyarlı olmaları gerekir. Bu derleme, basınç yaralarının

nedenleri, ilişkin risk faktörleri ve basınç yaralarının önlenmesi

hakkında bilgiler içermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Önlem,basınç,ülser

Kaynakça

1. 1. Wurzer P, Winter R, Stemmer SO, Ivancic J, Lebo PB,Hundeshagen G, Cambiaso-Daniel J, Quehenberger F, Kamolz LP, Lumenta DB. Risk factors for recurrence of pressure ulcers after defect reconstruction. Wound Repair Regen. 2018; 26: 64-68. doi: 10.1111/wrr.12613.
2. 2. National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP). NEW 2014 prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers: clinical practice guideline. Availbale from http://www.npuap.org/resources/educationaland-clinical-resources/prevention-andtreatment-of-pressure-ulcers-clinical-practice-guideline. Accessed at 12. 06.2018.
3. 3. Orhan B. Practice for Preventing Pressure Ulcers: Evidence Based Practices. Archives Med Rev J. 2017; 26: 427-440 doi:10.17827/aktd.306004.
4. 4. Gunes U. Steps of Evidence – Based Practice Process in Nursing. International Refereed J Nurs Res. 2017; 9: 171-187. doi: 10.17371/UHD2017.1.0006
5. 5. Serraes B, van Leen M, Schols J, Van Hecke A, Verhaeghe S, Beeckman D. Prevention of pressure ulcers with a static air support surface: A systematic review. Int Wound J. 2018; 15:333-343. doi: 10.1111/iwj.12870.
6. 6. Coleman S, Nelson EA, Keen J, Wilson L, McGinnis E, Dealey C, Stubbs N, Muir D, Farrin A, Dowding D, Schols JM, Cuddigan J, Berlowitz D, Jude E, Vowden P, Bader DL, Gefen A, Oomens CW, Schoonhoven L, Nixon J. Developing a pressure ulcer risk factor minimum data set and risk assessment framework. J Adv Nurs. 2014; 70: 2339-52.
7. 7. Firat Kilic H, Sucudag G. The Scales Frequently Used in the Assessment of Pressure Sores. G.O.P. Taksim E.A.H.JAREN. 2017; 3: 49-54.
8. 8. Beğer T. Pressure Sores in Intensive Care: Risk Factors and Prevention, 2004; http://www.yogunbakimdergisi.org/managete/fu_folder/2004-04/html/2004-4-4-244-253.html.

9. 9. Saghaleini SH, Dehghan K, Shadvar K, Sanaie S, Mahmoodpoor A, Ostadi Z. Pressure Ulcer and Nutrition. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2018; 22: 283-289. doi: 10.4103/ ijccm.IJCCM_277_17.
10. 10. Peterson MJ, Gravenstein N, Schwab WK, van Oostrom JH, Caruso LJ. Patient repositioning and pressure ulcer risk--monitoring interface pressures of at-risk patients. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2013; 50: 477-88.
11. 11. Behrendt R, Ghaznavi AM, Mahan M, Craft S, Siddiqui A. Continuous bedside pressure mapping and rates of hospitalassociated pressure ulcers in a medical intensive care unit. Am J Crit Care. 2014; 23: 127-33. doi: 10.4037/ajcc2014192.
12. 12. Porter-Armstrong AP, Moore ZE, Bradbury I, McDonough S. Education of healthcare professionals for preventing pressure ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018; 5: CD011620. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011620.pub2.
13. 13. Ham WH, Schoonhoven L, Schuurmans MJ, Veugelers R, Leenen LP. Pressure ulcer education improves interrater reliability, identification, and classification skills by emergency nurses and physicians. J Emerg Nurs. 2015; 41:43-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2014.03.005.