Down Sendromlu Bireylerin Fiziksel ve Motor Uygunluklarına Yönelik Araştırmaların Sistematik Olarak İncelenmesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 56 - 65, 01.08.2019

Ahmet Sansi Dilara Özer

Öz

Down sendromlu DS bireylerin fiziksel ve motor uygunluklarının yetersiz olduğu birçok araştırmada rapor edilmiştir. Fiziksel ve motor uygunluk özellikle sağlık yönünden önemlidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı DS’li bireylerin fiziksel ve motor uygunlukları üzerine gerçekleştirilen araştırmaları sistematik olarak incelemektir. Bu amaçla 2000-2015 yılları arasında yayınlanmış olan makaleler “physicall fitness”, “motor fitness” ve “down syndrome” anahtar kelimeleri ile Google Akademik, EBSCO ve PubMed veri tabanlarından kapsamlı bir şekilde araştırılmıştır. Anahtar kelimelerle ilk aşamada 80 adet makaleye ulaşılmış, ikinci aşamada 14 makale değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Bu çalışmalardan yedi tanesi betimsel olup, yedi tanesi deneysel çalışmaları kapsamaktadır. Çalışmaların 2010-2015 yılları arasında belirgin bir şekilde arttığı gözlenmiştir. Çalışmaların tümü fiziksel uygunluk unsurlarının biri veya bir kaçını içerirken üçü motor uygunluk unsurlarını da içermiştir. Dâhil edilen çalışmalarda en çok beden kompozisyonu kas kuvveti ve aerobik kapasite parametrelerinin incelendiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda altı çalışmada beden kompozisyonu altı çalışmada aerobik kapasite ve beş çalışmada kas kuvveti parametresi incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, DS’li bireylerin DS’li olmayan zihinsel engelli akranları ve engelsiz akranları ile karşılaştırıldıklarında fiziksel ve motor uygunlukları özellikleri yönünden dezavantajlı olduklarını ortaya konulmaktadır. Bununla birlikte DS’li bireylerin fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin arttırılması için geçerliliği etkisi ortaya konulmuş olan uygun antrenman programlarının uygulanması fiziksel uygunluk özelliklerinin gelişmesini sağlayacak ve sosyal yaşama uyum sağlamalarını kolaylaştıracaktır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Down Sendromu, fiziksel uygunluk, motor uygunluk

Physical and Motor Fitness of Individuals with Down Syndrome; A Systematic Review

Öz

It has been reported in many studies that physical and motor fitness of individuals with Down syndrome DS is insufficient. Physical and motor fitness are particularly important for health. The aim of this study is to systematically examine the research on physical and motor fitness of individuals with DS. For this purpose, articles published between 2000 and 2015 have been extensively researched from Google Scholar, EBSCO and PubMed databases with the keywords "physical fitness”, “motor fitness” and “down syndrome”. With key words, 80 articles were reached in the first stage, and 14 articles were evaluated in the second stage. Seven of these studies are descriptive and the other seven include experimental studies. It has been observed that the studies have increased significantly between 2010-2015. While all of the studies include one or more of the physical fitness factors, three include motor fitness factors. It is determined that the body composition muscular force and aerobic capacity parameters were examined most in the included studies. In this respect, body composition in six studies, aerobic capacity in six studies and muscle strength in five studies were examined. As a result, it is revealed that individuals with DS are disadvantaged in terms of physical and motor fitness characteristics compared to their mentally disabled peers and non-disabled peers who are not DS. In addition, the implementation of appropriate training programs with the effect of validity to increase the physical activity levels of individuals with DS will improve the physical fitness characteristics and facilitate their adaptation to social life

Anahtar Kelimeler

Down syndrome, physical fitness, motor fitness

Kaynakça

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